Using Stratified Flow To Mitigate Condensation Induced Water Hammer
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Using Stratified Flow To Mitigate Condensation Induced Water Hammer
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Author : Richard Raphael Schultz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Using Stratified Flow To Mitigate Condensation Induced Water Hammer written by Richard Raphael Schultz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Dissertations, Academic categories.
Research accomplished to determine whether stratified flow may be used to prevent the occurrence of condensation-induced water hammer (CIWH) in a horizontal pipe partially-filled with subcooled flowing water in the presence of saturated steam is described. Earlier researchers have shown that CIWH will readily occur in a horizontal pipe under such conditions when the void fraction is greater than 0.2 and the water is subcooled in excess of 20 °C. Such conditions have been shown to occur in advanced reactor systems when using passive emergency core cooling systems designed to ensure the core remains covered. Flow rates from passive emergency core cooling systems, which do not use pumps, are dictated by buoyancy-driven flows that are governed by liquid density-gradients. Research completed at the Idaho State University Thermal-Fluids Laboratory using a steam-water loop and an air-water test apparatus has shown that CIWH may be avoided even with highly subcooled water flowing in the presence of saturated steam if the subcooled flow water is segregated from the saturated steam using a saturated water stratified layer. This research report summarizes: (a) the theory and data that underlie the occurrence of CIWH, (b) an approach for preventing CIWH at flow conditions where CIWH would normally occur, (c) the theory that support the approach, (d) the experiments performed to produce data that support the approach, and (e) how to define the operational envelope where operation is allowed within a horizontal pipe partially-filled with highly-subcooled water in the presence of saturated steam. Because passively-cooled systems in light water reactors are generally configured to provide emergency core cooling flow to a reactor system via horizontal pipes with length-to-diameter (L/D) ratios ranging from 6 to 70, where the pipes are plumbed normal to the reactor vessel downcomer region, the experimental configuration consisted of a horizontal pipe with appropriate LID ranges plumbed to a reservoir that simulated the reactor vessel downcomer. Research indicates that the subcooled water flow rate must be designed to ensure the flow rate is laminar and the steam velocities, moving in the counter-current direction to the subcooled water flow, must be less than a critical value.
Investigation And Mitigation Of Condensation Induced Water Hammer By Stratified Flow Experiments
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Author : Hiral J. Kadakia
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Investigation And Mitigation Of Condensation Induced Water Hammer By Stratified Flow Experiments written by Hiral J. Kadakia and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Numerical Analysis Of Condensation Induced Water Hammer In Horizontal Piping Systems
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Author : Thomas William Eichenberg
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Numerical Analysis Of Condensation Induced Water Hammer In Horizontal Piping Systems written by Thomas William Eichenberg and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Water hammer categories.
Condensation Induced Water-Hammer, CIWH, has been an historical problem for the nuclear power industry over the past 2 decades. It has caused damage to plant systems, and considerable anguish to plant operators. This thesis has embarked on an attempt to characterize the fluid motion, heat transfer, mixing, and stability of a horizontal, stratified flow of steam over subcooled water. A literature review was conducted to determine the state of numerical and analytical methods which have been applied to this problem. The result of the review has led to the implementation of new analytical interfacial stability models. Information from the review has also led to the development of correlations for wave frequency and amplitude on the phase interface. A numerical model has been developed to estimate the temperature profile on the phase interface. Also, the model will construct, by use of the above correlations, an estimate of the interface wave structure. This wave structure is then evaluated against a non-linear model for interface stability to determine the onset of slug formation. The numerical model has been used to evaluate two known CIWH events. The results indicate that the onset of slug formation is necessary, but not sufficient, to ensure a water-hammer event. The results imply that there is the possibility that once a slug has formed, it may break up before a trapped steam void can fully collapse. The model also indicates that CIWH in steam generator, feedwater nozzle sections is not due to the formation of slug on an unstable phase interface. Rather, CIWH may occur when the liquid level inside of the feedwater nozzle is above the top of the feedring, thus creating an isolated steam pocket. The rapid condensation of the trapped steam in the causes CIWH. This particular result implies that it may be possible to completely avoid CIWH in the feedwater nozzle altogether.
Stability Of Steam Water Countercurrent Stratified Flow
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1985
Stability Of Steam Water Countercurrent Stratified Flow written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with categories.
Two flow instabilities which limit the normal condensation processes in countercurrent stratified steam-water flow have been identified experimentally: flooding and condensation-induced waterhammer. In order to initiate condensation-induced waterhammer in nearly horizontal or moderately-inclined steam/subcooled-water flow, two conditions, the appearance of a wavy interface and complete condensation of the incoming steam, are necessary. Analyses of these conditions are performed on a basis of flow stability and heat transfer considerations. Flooding data for several inclinations and channel heights are collected. Effects of condensation, inclination angle and channel height on the flooding characteristics are discussed. An envelope theory for the onset of flooding in inclined stratified flow is developed, which agrees well with the experimental data. Some empirical information on basic flow parameters, such as mean film thickness and interfacial friction factor required for this theory are measured. The previous viewpoints on flooding appear not to conflict with the present experimental data in nearly horizontal flow but the flooding phenomena in nearly vertical flow appear to be more complicated than those described by these viewpoints because of liquid droplet entrainment.
Handbook On Thermal Hydraulics In Water Cooled Nuclear Reactors
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Author : Francesco D'Auria
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2024-07-29
Handbook On Thermal Hydraulics In Water Cooled Nuclear Reactors written by Francesco D'Auria and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-07-29 with Business & Economics categories.
Handbook on Thermal Hydraulics of Water-Cooled Nuclear Reactors, Volume 1, Foundations and Principles includes all new chapters which delve deeper into the topic, adding context and practical examples to help readers apply learnings to their own setting. Topics covered include experimental thermal-hydraulics and instrumentation, numerics, scaling and containment in thermal-hydraulics, as well as a title dedicated to good practices in verification and validation. This book will be a valuable reference for graduate and undergraduate students of nuclear or thermal engineering, as well as researchers in nuclear thermal-hydraulics and reactor technology, engineers working in simulation and modeling of nuclear reactors, and more. In addition, nuclear operators, code developers and safety engineers will also benefit from the practical guidance provided. Presents a comprehensive analysis on the connection between nuclear power and thermal hydraulics Includes end-of-chapter questions, quizzes and exercises to confirm understanding and provides solutions in an appendix Covers applicable nuclear reactor safety considerations and design technology throughout
Thermal Hydraulics Of Water Cooled Nuclear Reactors
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Author : Francesco D'Auria
language : en
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
Release Date : 2017-05-18
Thermal Hydraulics Of Water Cooled Nuclear Reactors written by Francesco D'Auria and has been published by Woodhead Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-05-18 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Thermal Hydraulics of Water-Cooled Nuclear Reactors reviews flow and heat transfer phenomena in nuclear systems and examines the critical contribution of this analysis to nuclear technology development. With a strong focus on system thermal hydraulics (SYS TH), the book provides a detailed, yet approachable, presentation of current approaches to reactor thermal hydraulic analysis, also considering the importance of this discipline for the design and operation of safe and efficient water-cooled and moderated reactors. Part One presents the background to nuclear thermal hydraulics, starting with a historical perspective, defining key terms, and considering thermal hydraulics requirements in nuclear technology. Part Two addresses the principles of thermodynamics and relevant target phenomena in nuclear systems. Next, the book focuses on nuclear thermal hydraulics modeling, covering the key areas of heat transfer and pressure drops, then moving on to an introduction to SYS TH and computational fluid dynamics codes. The final part of the book reviews the application of thermal hydraulics in nuclear technology, with chapters on V&V and uncertainty in SYS TH codes, the BEPU approach, and applications to new reactor design, plant lifetime extension, and accident analysis. This book is a valuable resource for academics, graduate students, and professionals studying the thermal hydraulic analysis of nuclear power plants and using SYS TH to demonstrate their safety and acceptability. Contains a systematic and comprehensive review of current approaches to the thermal-hydraulic analysis of water-cooled and moderated nuclear reactors Clearly presents the relationship between system level (top-down analysis) and component level phenomenology (bottom-up analysis) Provides a strong focus on nuclear system thermal hydraulic (SYS TH) codes Presents detailed coverage of the applications of thermal-hydraulics to demonstrate the safety and acceptability of nuclear power plants
Safety Considerations For Condensation Induced Water Hammer In Steam Piping System
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994
Safety Considerations For Condensation Induced Water Hammer In Steam Piping System written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with categories.
The phenomenon of condensation induced water hammer may occur when subcooled water and steam interact and form a water slug by rapid steam condensation, and the slug is accelerated through the piping by the full system pressure. The sudden deceleration of the slug by existing liquid in the system, or by any part of the piping system can produce large pressure pulses, that by themselves or in combination with other loads, can rupture the piping system. This paper describes the results of a study on condensation induced water hammer in a specific piping geometry, and lists recommendations that when implemented will prevent piping system failure.
Energy Research Abstracts
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1986
Energy Research Abstracts written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with Power resources categories.
Fluid Structure Interaction Analysis Of A Water Pool Under Loading Caused By A Condensation Induced Water Hammer
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Author : Timo Pättikangas
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Fluid Structure Interaction Analysis Of A Water Pool Under Loading Caused By A Condensation Induced Water Hammer written by Timo Pättikangas and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.
Water Hammer
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Author : Bruce Sharp
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1995-12-01
Water Hammer written by Bruce Sharp and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-12-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Water hammer, or the study of fluid transient behaviour, is one of the most common problems in the water engineering community. This book covers the many causes and solutions in a practical way and is an essential reference for all those concerned with the flow of liquids, not just water, in pipe systems. It follows on from the authors' previous monograph on the problems and solutions of water hammer and presents common problems in the form of case studies.This is an interesting and useful read for practising engineers working in this area and it will enable them to make comparisons with their own problems. Also the practical nature of the book makes it useful for civil engineering departmental libraries and departments where hydraulic design is taught.