Vacuum Drop Test Of Air Cooled Condensers In Operation
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Vacuum Drop Test Of Air Cooled Condensers In Operation
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Author : Hans Georg Schrey
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2018-04-23
Vacuum Drop Test Of Air Cooled Condensers In Operation written by Hans Georg Schrey and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-04-23 with Science categories.
Scientific Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Physics - Thermodynamics, , language: English, abstract: Vacuum tightness is critical for air-cooled condensers operating at low absolute pressure. Low vacuum is aimed for because vacuum dominates the power plant efficiency. To verify vacuum tightness usually a vacuum drop test is made with the system empty at normal atmospheric temperature and free of any liquids. This test is done before commissioning of the power unit and generally follows the recommendations of the Heat Exchanger Institute (HEI) as outlined in §6.1.1 of “Standards for Steam Jet Vacuum Systems”. However, over time of operation the power plant may develop leakages, which were not present at the time of the original drop test. This calls for a tightness test at operating conditions where pre-conditions for the standard vacuum drop test are not fulfilled. The report describes a vacuum drop test without interfering too much into normal power plant operation. The test is suitable for stationary operating conditions using standard operation readings. The assessment of leakage flow is based on the measured vacuum decay rate. It is shown that vacuum decay rates taken from tests before and after commissioning are different. Contractual fixing of acceptable vacuum decay rates should therefore be treated with care. Example graphs for easy evaluation are given.
Review Of The Vacuum Decay Test In Air Cooled Steam Condensers
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Author : Hans Georg Schrey
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2019-03-06
Review Of The Vacuum Decay Test In Air Cooled Steam Condensers written by Hans Georg Schrey and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Polemic Paper from the year 2018 in the subject Engineering - System Science, , language: English, abstract: Condensing the capacity of air-cooled condensers is critical for proper functionality of steam cycles in power plants. Condensers operate in the low vacuum regime to promote the efficiency of power generation. Leakages enable ingress of ambient air into the steam cycle and thus impede condensation and power generation capacity. Therefore, vacuum tightness is essential for effective plant operation and must be verified by means of an acceptance test. The latest revision of the VGB acceptance test code for the air-cooled condenser (VGB-S-131) proposes a simple procedure to verify ample vacuum tightness and evacuation capacity. However, the following report will demonstrate that the informational value of test results in connection with the proposed procedure are to some extent questionable. They cannot stand for themselves but need to be accompanied by further information gathered from other tests, as for example thermal performance tests. This puts the usefulness of the test itself into question.
Air Cooled Condenser Operation Under Varying Ambient Conditions
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Author : Hans Georg Schrey
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2024-02-29
Air Cooled Condenser Operation Under Varying Ambient Conditions written by Hans Georg Schrey and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-02-29 with Science categories.
Scientific Study from the year 2024 in the subject Physics - Thermodynamics, , language: English, abstract: The objective of this report is to make up for the following deficiencies at least on a general level – while still using first principles. Air-cooled condensers are widely used at the cold end of thermal power cycles. With this equipment cooling water required in wet cooled power plants may be saved on a large scale. To operate fans which convey dry cooling air to the condenser modules electric power is required which reduces overall power plant effectiveness. Consequently, pumping power consumption should be as small as possible. During operation it is therefore common to reduce fan power consumption by switching down or off fans of individual modules or, in some case complete ACC streets if ambient conditions and operation parameters are promising. Performance guarantees are normally specified with all equipment in full action. Only primary variable variations such as ambient temperature, ambient air pressure or total steam flow rate for a reduced range at fan full speed are part of the performance guarantee. Therefore, effects of fan switch or high cross-wind levels remain open issues.
Qc T 1177 2022 Translated English Of Chinese Standard Qc T 1177 2022 Qc T 1177 2022
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Author : https://www.chinesestandard.net
language : en
Publisher: https://www.chinesestandard.net
Release Date : 2023-03-10
Qc T 1177 2022 Translated English Of Chinese Standard Qc T 1177 2022 Qc T 1177 2022 written by https://www.chinesestandard.net and has been published by https://www.chinesestandard.net this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-03-10 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This document specifies the technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules and marks, packaging, transportation and storage of condensers for automotive air conditioning (condensers for short). This document applies to air-cooled condensers for exterior use, heat pump type interior air-cooled condensers and air-cooled condensers with liquid storage tanks using HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf as refrigerants.
Effect Of Uneven Cooling On Performance Of Air Cooled Condenser
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Author : Hans Georg Schrey
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2018-04-04
Effect Of Uneven Cooling On Performance Of Air Cooled Condenser written by Hans Georg Schrey and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-04-04 with Science categories.
Scientific Essay from the year 2017 in the subject Physics - Thermodynamics, , course: Heat transfer engineering, language: English, abstract: Air-cooled condensers (“ACC”) operating in vacuum are widely used at the cold end of contemporary thermal power plants. Proper functioning of the condenser is paramount for power plant efficiency. To adapt to changing process conditions because of changed ambient air temperature or power station load ACC streets are either taken out of or into service or, module fan speed settings are selected appropriately. Even if all fans are running at same speed local variations of cooling air flow may arise as a consequence of e.g. fan location or local wind impact. The designer must ensure that no negative effect (i.e. no cold spot) may evolve at the steam side of the ACC caused by uneven air side cooling or fan control. The following note describes a theoretical method to assess the effect of air flow variations on ACC performance and provides simple rules to avoid potentially risky situations. An important role for safe operation plays the size of the secondary condenser. The procedure may be used as a guideline for proper sizing of the secondary condenser with respect to airflow maldistribution.
Pm 1 Air Cooled Condenser Test Performed At The Climatic Laboratory Eglin Afb Florida
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Author : M. B. ECK
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1961
Pm 1 Air Cooled Condenser Test Performed At The Climatic Laboratory Eglin Afb Florida written by M. B. ECK and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1961 with categories.
A single module of the PM-1 four-module condensing system was tested over an ambient temperature range of +70 to -65 degrees F. All modes of normal operation, transportation and handling, as well as some emergency conditions, were imposed on this condenser section. The unit was shown to have an adequate margin of safety in all of its design parameters. The calculated over-all heat transfer coefficient was exceeded by 5.3%. The air side pressure drop was 17.2 percent less than predicted. The total power requirement for the design heat load was, when extrapolated to 6500 ft elevation, 10% less than predicted. It was shown that the total PM-1 plant load can be carried by 3 sections (at sea level) at ambient temperatures below approximately 50 F. The entire condenser can operate well below its minimum flow requirement of 2400 lb/hr at all ambients and it was shown that the air cooler can cover the range of 400 to 750 lb/hr at all ambient temperatures. Modifications were made to the unit during the test to achieve the above performance. These modifications included the addition of flow guides and orifices to the air cooler tube inlets, the addition of air baffles to the main bank and air cooler tubes, a change in the location of the condensate outlet connection and a change to the air cooler water box division plate drain ports. The ability of the unit to be transported aboard a C130A Air Force cargo plane was demonstrated. (Author).
Air Cooled Condenser Fundamentals
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Author : Chetan Singh
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023-02-08
Air Cooled Condenser Fundamentals written by Chetan Singh and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-02-08 with categories.
Air-Cooled Condenser Fundamentals: Design, Operations, Troubleshooting, Maintenance, and Q&A"" is the ultimate guide for professionals and students in the field of HVAC and refrigeration. This comprehensive book covers all aspects of air-cooled condenser design, operations, troubleshooting, and maintenance. With clear explanations and practical examples, this book provides an in-depth understanding of air-cooled condenser systems, including their components, working principles, and various types. The book also covers the latest technologies and industry standards, making it a valuable resource for professionals and students alike. The book includes a comprehensive section on air-cooled condenser troubleshooting, including common problems and solutions, as well as a section on maintenance, including preventative measures and best practices. Additionally, the book includes a comprehensive Q&A section, providing answers to the most common questions about air-cooled condensers. Whether you are a seasoned professional or just starting out, ""Air-Cooled Condenser Fundamentals: Design, Operations, Troubleshooting, Maintenance, and Q&A"" is the essential resource you need to master air-cooled condenser systems. With its clear and concise explanations, practical examples, and expert insights, this book is a must-have for anyone working in the field of HVAC and refrigeration.
Design And Testing Of An Air Cooled Condenser For Use With Mixed Working Fluids
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Author : James E. Dickens
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Design And Testing Of An Air Cooled Condenser For Use With Mixed Working Fluids written by James E. Dickens and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Ammonia categories.
Pm 1 Air Cooled Condenser Test Performed At The Climatic Laboratory Eglin Afb Florida During The Period January 3 1961 March 10 1961
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1961
Pm 1 Air Cooled Condenser Test Performed At The Climatic Laboratory Eglin Afb Florida During The Period January 3 1961 March 10 1961 written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1961 with categories.
A single module of the PM-1 four-module condensing system was tested over an ambient temperature range of +70 deg to -- 65 deg F. All modes of normal operation, transportation and handliing, as well as some emergency conditions, were imposed on this condenser section during the test period. The unit was shown to have an adequate margin of safety in all of its design parameters. The calculated overall heat transfer coefficient was exceeded by 5.3%. The air side pressure drop was 17.2% less than predicted. The total power requirement for the design heat load was, when extrapolated to 6500 feet elevation, 10% less than predicted. It was shown that the total PM-1 plant load can be carried by three sections (at sea level) at ambient temperatures below approximately 50 deg F. The entire condenser can operate well below its minimum flow requirement of 2400 lb/ hr at all ambients and it was shown that the air cooler can cover the range of 400 to 750 lb/hr at all ambient temperatures. Modifications were made to the unit during the test to achieve this performance. These modifications included the addition of flow guides and orifices to the air ccoler tube inlete, the addition of air baffles to the main bank and air ccoler tubes, a change in the location of the condensate outlet connection, and a change to the air cooler water box division plate drain ports. The ability of the unit to be transported aboard a C130A Air Force cargo plane was demonstrated. With the adoption of the recommendations given the PM-1 condensimg system should perform adequately and reliably in extended field service. A table summarizing the safe operating configurations of the PM-1 condenser unit is included. (auth).
Air Cooled Condenser Operation Under Varying Ambient Conditions
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Author : Hans Georg Schrey
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2024-02-21
Air Cooled Condenser Operation Under Varying Ambient Conditions written by Hans Georg Schrey and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-02-21 with Science categories.
Scientific Study from the year 2024 in the subject Physics - Thermodynamics, language: English, abstract: The objective of this report is to make up for the following deficiencies at least on a general level - while still using first principles. Air-cooled condensers are widely used at the cold end of thermal power cycles. With this equipment cooling water required in wet cooled power plants may be saved on a large scale. To operate fans which convey dry cooling air to the condenser modules electric power is required which reduces overall power plant effectiveness. Consequently, pumping power consumption should be as small as possible. During operation it is therefore common to reduce fan power consumption by switching down or off fans of individual modules or, in some case complete ACC streets if ambient conditions and operation parameters are promising. Performance guarantees are normally specified with all equipment in full action. Only primary variable variations such as ambient temperature, ambient air pressure or total steam flow rate for a reduced range at fan full speed are part of the performance guarantee. Therefore, effects of fan switch or high cross-wind levels remain open issues.