Validity Reliability And Significance
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Validity Reliability And Significance
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Author : Stefan Riezler
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-06-01
Validity Reliability And Significance written by Stefan Riezler and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-01 with Computers categories.
Empirical methods are means to answering methodological questions of empirical sciences by statistical techniques. The methodological questions addressed in this book include the problems of validity, reliability, and significance. In the case of machine learning, these correspond to the questions of whether a model predicts what it purports to predict, whether a model's performance is consistent across replications, and whether a performance difference between two models is due to chance, respectively. The goal of this book is to answer these questions by concrete statistical tests that can be applied to assess validity, reliability, and significance of data annotation and machine learning prediction in the fields of NLP and data science. Our focus is on model-based empirical methods where data annotations and model predictions are treated as training data for interpretable probabilistic models from the well-understood families of generalized additive models (GAMs) and linear mixed effects models (LMEMs). Based on the interpretable parameters of the trained GAMs or LMEMs, the book presents model-based statistical tests such as a validity test that allows detecting circular features that circumvent learning. Furthermore, the book discusses a reliability coefficient using variance decomposition based on random effect parameters of LMEMs. Last, a significance test based on the likelihood ratio of nested LMEMs trained on the performance scores of two machine learning models is shown to naturally allow the inclusion of variations in meta-parameter settings into hypothesis testing, and further facilitates a refined system comparison conditional on properties of input data. This book can be used as an introduction to empirical methods for machine learning in general, with a special focus on applications in NLP and data science. The book is self-contained, with an appendix on the mathematical background on GAMs and LMEMs, and with an accompanying webpage including R code to replicate experiments presented in the book.
Validity Reliability And Significance
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Author : Stefan Riezler
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date :
Validity Reliability And Significance written by Stefan Riezler and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Fast Facts To Loving Your Research Project
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Author : Brenda Marshall, EdD, PMHNP-BC, ANEF
language : en
Publisher: Springer Publishing Company
Release Date : 2019-10-08
Fast Facts To Loving Your Research Project written by Brenda Marshall, EdD, PMHNP-BC, ANEF and has been published by Springer Publishing Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-08 with Medical categories.
While often greeted with trepidation, the importance of a research project—how it is conducted and its significance to practice—is an essential aspect of nursing and other healthcare arenas. This innovative resource is a user-friendly introduction to evidence-based practice and other types of research-based initiatives that improve patient outcomes. Using a method formed through years of teaching experience, Brenda Marshall translates the difficult and sometimes confusing language of research into everyday vocabulary, linking complicated concepts with easily understood scenarios. Written in quick-access Fast Facts style, this book presents knowledge in a consistent, step-by-step format characterized by bite-sized information. Each chapter opens with learning objectives that unfold into new concepts, followed by everyday life examples. Fast Facts boxes, systematized tables, and new vocabulary reinforce learning and highlight key concepts. This application-based approach helps students question their preconceived notions about research and then engage in it with newfound confidence. Key Features: Translates complex research concepts into straightforward language Demonstrates clear, step-by-step methods that facilitate successful attainment of research goals Helps students to construct an argument, build a theory, and critically explore a belief Promotes self-sufficiency in lifelong learning and achievement Written by an instructor whose classes have propelled many successful research careers
Encyclopedia Of Behavioral Medicine
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Author : Marc D. Gellman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date :
Encyclopedia Of Behavioral Medicine written by Marc D. Gellman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with Clinical health psychology categories.
Paradigm Wars Validity And Reliability In Qualitative Research
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Author : Matthias Baumgarten
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2012-02
Paradigm Wars Validity And Reliability In Qualitative Research written by Matthias Baumgarten and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-02 with Political Science categories.
Essay from the year 2010 in the subject Politics - Methods, Research, grade: 1,3 (77%), University of Warwick (Politics and International Studies), course: Qualitative Research Methods, language: English, abstract: Validity and reliability as quality indicators have an uneasy standing in qualitative research and are subject to numerous debates. Researchers from different paradigmatic backgrounds expressed a variety of views, the extremes ranging from a complete denial of the possibility of valid and reliable qualitative research on one hand to the rejection of validity and reliability as meaningful quality indicators on the other. The following essay acknowledges the diverging assumptions underlying the different paradigms associated with quantitative and qualitative research. However, it denies that validity and reliability are inherently connected to predetermined ontological or epistemological assumptions and argues for their general use as quality indicators. To clarify this claim, a selection of different paradigms and the development of alternative quality indicators within them are highlighted. Since the usefulness of this multitude of indicators is questionable, reconciliation is attempted by consolidating them. The concepts of "core validity" and "core reliability", which can be specified according to the researcher's paradigm, are introduced for this task. These concepts underline the relevance and applicability of validity and reliability as quality indicators in qualitative research. Furthermore, qualitative research has developed strategies and methods, which enable the researcher to address negative influences on validity and reliability and achieve high degrees of both.
Doing Management Research
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: SAGE
Release Date : 2001-07-12
Doing Management Research written by and has been published by SAGE this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-07-12 with Business & Economics categories.
Doing Management Research, a major new textbook, provides answers to questions and problems which researchers invariably encounter when embarking on management research, be it quantitative or qualitative. This book will carefully guide the reader through the research process from beginning to end. An excellent tool for academics and students, it enables the reader to acquire and build upon empirical evidence, and to decide what tools to use to understand and describe what is being observed, and then, which methods of analysis to adopt. There is an entire section dedicated to writing up and communicating the research findings. Written in an accessible and easy-to-use style, this book can be read from cover to cover or dipped
The Practice Of Survey Research
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Author : Erin Ruel
language : en
Publisher: SAGE
Release Date : 2015-06-03
The Practice Of Survey Research written by Erin Ruel and has been published by SAGE this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-06-03 with Social Science categories.
Focusing on the use of technology in survey research, this book integrates both theory and application and covers important elements of survey research including survey design, implementation and continuing data management.
Reliability And Validity Assessment
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Author : Edward G. Carmines
language : en
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Release Date : 1979-11-01
Reliability And Validity Assessment written by Edward G. Carmines and has been published by SAGE Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979-11-01 with Social Science categories.
This guide explains how social scientists can evaluate the reliability and validity of empirical measurements, discussing the three basic types of validity: criterion related, content, and construct. In addition, the paper shows how reliability is assessed by the retest method, alternative-forms procedure, split-halves approach, and internal consistency method.
Reliability And Validity In Qualitative Research
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Author : Jerome Kirk
language : en
Publisher: SAGE
Release Date : 1986
Reliability And Validity In Qualitative Research written by Jerome Kirk and has been published by SAGE this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with Social Science categories.
Qualitative research is a sociological and anthropological tradition of inquiry. Most critically, qualitative research involves sustained interaction with the people being studied in their own language, and on their own turf. To see qualitative research as strictly disengaged from any form of counting is to miss the point that its basic strategy depends on the reconciliation of diverse research tactics. It is our view that qualitative research can be performed as social science. Understanding the workings of a scientific endeavor, whether it is of the natural or social variety, entails an appreciation of its objectivity. By this convention, the objectivity of a piece of qualitative research is evaluated in terms of the reliability and validity of its observations - the two concepts to which this monograph is devoted.
Reliability And Validity Of International Large Scale Assessment
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Author : Hans Wagemaker
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-09-03
Reliability And Validity Of International Large Scale Assessment written by Hans Wagemaker and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-03 with Education categories.
This open access book describes and reviews the development of the quality control mechanisms and methodologies associated with IEA’s extensive program of educational research. A group of renowned international researchers, directly involved in the design and execution of IEA’s international large-scale assessments (ILSAs), describe the operational and quality control procedures that are employed to address the challenges associated with providing high-quality, comparable data. Throughout the now considerable history of IEA’s international large-scale assessments, establishing the quality of the data has been paramount. Research in the complex multinational context in which IEA studies operate imposes significant burdens and challenges in terms of the methodologies and technologies that have been developed to achieve the stated study goals. The demands of the twin imperatives of validity and reliability must be satisfied in the context of multiple and diverse cultures, languages, orthographies, educational structures, educational histories, and traditions. Readers will learn about IEA’s approach to such challenges, and the methods used to ensure that the quality of the data provided to policymakers and researchers can be trusted. An often neglected area of investigation, namely the consequential validity of ILSAs, is also explored, examining issues related to reporting, dissemination, and impact, including discussion of the limits of interpretation. The final chapters address the question of the influence of ILSAs on policy and reform in education, including a case study from Singapore, a country known for its outstanding levels of achievement, but which nevertheless seeks the means of continual improvement, illustrating best practice use of ILSA data.