Wartime Press Censorship By The U S Armed Forces
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Wartime Press Censorship By The U S Armed Forces
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Author : U S Army Command and General Staff Coll
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2016-07-15
Wartime Press Censorship By The U S Armed Forces written by U S Army Command and General Staff Coll and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-15 with categories.
This study is an analysis of historical factors which form the basis for past U.S. wartime press censorship by the U.S. armed forces and the significance these factors have on future U.S. military operations. These factors are: the relative success of past voluntary and involuntary censorship and press restrictions, the effects of evolving technology on censorship, and the recurring debate over censorship which preceded each of our conflicts. The analysis shows an evolution of wartime press censorship from the colonial era to the Panama intervention, Operation Just Cause, and traces in depth the following conclusions: improvement in news gathering technology initially resulted in the perception that reporting from theaters of war must be formally restricted to protect operational security and America's tradition of press freedom and the "people's right to know" have now outweighed the need for formal protection of operational security. The study concludes that technology, Congressional reluctance to curb the news media, and the desire of the armed forces to inspire confidence and trust have combined to eliminate censorship organization and procedures from U.S. military planning, force structure, and capabilities.
Wartime Press Censorship By The U S Armed Forces A Historical Perspective
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Wartime Press Censorship By The U S Armed Forces A Historical Perspective written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with categories.
This study is an analysis of historical factors which form the basis for past U.S. wartime press censorship by the U.S. armored forces and the significance these factors have on future U.S. military operations. These factors are: the relative success of past voluntary and involuntary censorship and press restrictions, the effects of evolving technology on censorship, and the recurring debate over censorship which preceded each of our conflicts. The analysis shows an evolution of wartime press censorship from the colonial era to the Panama intervention, Operation Just Cause, and traces in depth the following conclusions: improvement in newsgathering technology initially resulted in the perception that reporting from theaters of war must be formally restricted to protect operational security an America's tradition of press freedom and the 'people's right to know' have now outweighed the need for formal protection of operational security. The study concludes that technology, Congressional reluctance to curb the news media, and the desire of the armed forces to inspire confidence and trust have combined to eliminate censorship organization and procedures from U.S. military planning, force structure, and capabilities. Keywords: Censorship, Information requirements, Public affairs, Military history, U.S. history, Mass communications, Journalism, Military and the media, War correspondence.
The Basis And Operation Of Wartime Censorship In The United States
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Author : Edward Newell Doan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1945
The Basis And Operation Of Wartime Censorship In The United States written by Edward Newell Doan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1945 with World War, 1939-1945 categories.
Code Of Wartime Practices For The American Press
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Author : United States. Office of Censorship
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1943
Code Of Wartime Practices For The American Press written by United States. Office of Censorship and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1943 with Press law categories.
War Press Freedom
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Author : Jeffery Alan Smith
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 1999
War Press Freedom written by Jeffery Alan Smith and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Freedom of the press categories.
War and Press Freedom: The Problem of Prerogative Power is a groundbreaking and provocative study of one of the most perplexing civil liberties issues in American history: What authority does or should the government have to control press coverage and commentary in wartime? First Amendment scholar Jeffery A. Smith shows convincingly that no such extraordinary power exists under the Constitution, and that officials have had to rely on claiming the existence of an autocratic "higher law" of survival. Smith carefully surveys the development of statutory restrictions and military regulations for the news media from the ratification of the Bill of Rights in 1791 through the Gulf War of 1991. He concludes that the armed forces can justify refusal to divulge a narrow range of defense secrets, but that imposing other restrictions is unwise, unnecessary, and unconstitutional. In any event, as electronic communication becomes almost impossible to constrain, soldiers and journalists must learn how to respect each other's obligations in a democratic system.
The Military And The Press
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Author : Michael S. Sweeney
language : en
Publisher: Northwestern University Press
Release Date : 2006-08-14
The Military And The Press written by Michael S. Sweeney and has been published by Northwestern University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-08-14 with History categories.
Because news is a weapon of war--affecting public opinion, troop morale, even strategy--for more than a century America's wartime officials have sought to control or influence the press, most recently by "embedding" reporters within military units in Iraq. This second front, where press freedom and military imperatives often do battle, is the territory explored in The Military and the Press, a history of how press-military relations have evolved during the twentieth and twenty-first century in response to the demands of politics, economics, technology, and legal and social forces. Author Michael S. Sweeney takes a chronological approach, considering freedoms and restraints such as the First Amendment, court decisions, and government and military directives that have affected the press during World Wars I and II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the more recent conflicts. He explores the ongoing themes of wartime censorship and propaganda, as well as operational security in the battle zone. In chapters addressing the recent shift in military strategy in dealing with the press, Sweeney discusses new forms of control--from embedding journalists and discouraging unaccredited "unilaterals" to developing the news agenda through a barrage of briefings, sound bites, and visuals and appeals to patriotism that border on domestic propaganda. With profiles of a few specific journalists--from Richard Harding Davis covering the Spanish-American War to Christiane Amanpour reporting from the conflicts in Bosnia and Iraq--this deft blend of journalistic history and analysis should serve as a call-to-arms to a public not always well served by a military-press standoff.
Secrets Of Victory
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Author : Michael S. Sweeney
language : en
Publisher: Univ of North Carolina Press
Release Date : 2003-01-14
Secrets Of Victory written by Michael S. Sweeney and has been published by Univ of North Carolina Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-01-14 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
During World War II, the civilian Office of Censorship supervised a huge and surprisingly successful program of news management: the voluntary self-censorship of the American press. In January 1942, censorship codebooks were distributed to all American newspapers, magazines, and radio stations with the request that journalists adhere to the guidelines within. Remarkably, over the course of the war no print journalist, and only one radio journalist, ever deliberately violated the censorship code after having been made aware of it and understanding its intent. Secrets of Victory examines the World War II censorship program and analyzes the reasons for its success. Using archival sources, including the Office of Censorship's own records, Michael Sweeney traces the development of news media censorship from a pressing necessity after the attack on Pearl Harbor to the centralized yet efficient bureaucracy that persuaded thousands of journalists to censor themselves for the sake of national security. At the heart of this often dramatic story is the Office of Censorship's director Byron Price. A former reporter himself, Price relied on cooperation with--rather than coercion of--American journalists in his fight to safeguard the nation's secrets.
Public Affairs
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Author : William M. Hammond
language : en
Publisher: Government Printing Office
Release Date : 1988
Public Affairs written by William M. Hammond and has been published by Government Printing Office this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Armed Forces and mass media categories.
United States Army in Vietnam. CMH Pub. 91-13. Draws upon previously unavailable Army and Defense Department records to interpret the part the press played during the Vietnam War. Discusses the roles of the following in the creation of information policy: Military Assistance Command's Office of Information in Saigon; White House; State Department; Defense Department; and the United States Embassy in Saigon.
The Censored War
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Author : George H. Roeder
language : en
Publisher: Yale University Press
Release Date : 1993-01-01
The Censored War written by George H. Roeder and has been published by Yale University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-01-01 with History categories.
Early in World War II censors placed all photographs of dead and badly wounded Americans in a secret Pentagon file known to officials as the Chamber of Horrors. Later, as government leaders became concerned about public complacency brought on by Allied victories, they released some of these photographs of war's brutality. But to the war's end and after, they continued to censor photographs of mutilated or emotionally distressed American soldiers, of racial conflicts at American bases, and other visual evidence of disunity or disorder. In this book George H. Roeder, Jr., tells the intriguing story of how American opinions about World War II were manipulated both by the wartime images that citizens were allowed to see and by the images that were suppressed. His text is amplified by arresting visual essays that include many previously unpublished photographs from the army's censored files. Examining news photographs, movies, newsreels, posters, and advertisements, Roeder explores the different ways that civilian and military leaders used visual imagery to control the nation's perception of the war and to understate the war's complexities. He reveals how image makers tried to give minorities a sense of equal participation in the war while not alarming others who clung to the traditions of separate races, classes, and gender roles. He argues that the most pervasive feature of wartime visual imagery was its polarized depiction of the world as good or bad, and he discusses individuals--Margaret Bourke-White, Bill Mauldin, Elmer Davis, and others--who fought against these limitations. He shows that the polarized ways of viewing encouraged by World War II influenced American responses to political issues for decades to follow, particularly in the simplistic way that the Vietnam War was depicted by both official and antiwar forces.
A Report On The Office Of Censorship
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Author : United States. Office of Censorship
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1945
A Report On The Office Of Censorship written by United States. Office of Censorship and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1945 with Censorship categories.
