Water Rock Experiments To 300oc And Comparisons To Chemical Interactions In Active Geothermal Systems
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Water Rock Experiments To 300 C And Comparisons To Chemical Interactions In Active Geothermal Systems
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Author : George H. Kacandes
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Water Rock Experiments To 300 C And Comparisons To Chemical Interactions In Active Geothermal Systems written by George H. Kacandes and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Geochemistry categories.
Water Rock Experiments To 300oc And Comparisons To Chemical Interactions In Active Geothermal Systems
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Author : George H. Kacandes
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Water Rock Experiments To 300oc And Comparisons To Chemical Interactions In Active Geothermal Systems written by George H. Kacandes and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with categories.
Basaltic rocks have been reacted with synthetic groundwater in closed-system, Dickson-type rocking autoclaves for periods of up to 5,000 hours. The experiments were carried out isothermally at 100°, 200°, and 300° C, 300 bars, and an initial water/rock mass ratio of 10. These conditions were intended to simulate those present in active geothermal systems. Fluid compositions changed rapidly during the early stages of the experiments. In the long-term, however, most species approached steady-state values. At that stage, temperature appears to be the most important factor controlling fluid composition; the effect of rock type and starting fluid composition were far less significant. Comparison of long-term, stabilized fluid compositions with those produced in other dilute-water/whole-rock experiments (basaltic and non-basaltic) shows that experiments conducted at the same temperature attain similar overall fluid chemistries. Such behavior may reflect an approach to equilibrium of these fluids with thermochemically-similar alteration mineral assemblages. Stable fluid chemistries produced in these and other dilute-water/whole-rock experiments (80 °-300 ° C) were then compared with reservoir data from several geothermal fields. The comparisons show that experiments of this type can reproduce many properties of geothermal reservoir fluids. Like geothermal fluids, compositional parameters (pH, cation/proton ratios, cation/cation ratios, and neutral species concentrations) for species in experimentally derived fluids are temperature dependent but are relatively independent of rock, water, and water/rock mass ratio. At lower temperatures (less than or equal to 250° C), many of these experimental parameter-temperature trends agree with geothermal trends. However, at higher temperatures ( greater than or equal to 250° C), the geothermal fluids have calculated high-temperature pH values 1 to 2 pH units lower than do the experimentally-derived fluids. This produces a consistent offset between values of experimental and natural cation/proton activity ratios. Possible causes for the offsets include: pervasive metastable mineral formation in experiments; and absence, in experiments, of the equivalent of a magmatic or metamorphic gas input. Results from modified water/rock experiments indicate that, while metastability may be a partial cause for the offsets, geothermal fluid parameters can be duplicated by addition of CO2. Furthermore, maintenance of high /CO2, low pH conditions required a CO2 flux. Magmatic gas flux is not always considered in chemical models of geothermal systems and its requirement in the experiments may indicate that E CO2 should be taken as an independent variable. Finally, comparable offsets could also be caused by the addition of exotic co2 or other acid gases during upflow or sampling of wet steam discharges. Field influences such as these would give rise to lower than actual reservoir pH's. Thus the offsets could indicate that some geothermal fluid pH's are more basic than commonly calculated and closer to those attained in water/rock experiments. Water/rock experiments are capable of simulating many of the chemical features of geothermal reservoir fluids but interpretation of experimental data is not straightforward. The closed-system and relatively short-term nature of the experiments must be considered when making comparisons with natural phenomena. Of equal importance is a clear understanding of the natural phenomena being modeled.
Experimental Rock Water Interactions At Temperatures To 300 Degrees C
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Author : Jared Michael Potter
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982
Experimental Rock Water Interactions At Temperatures To 300 Degrees C written by Jared Michael Potter and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with categories.
Water Rock Interaction
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Author : Ingrid Stober
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2002
Water Rock Interaction written by Ingrid Stober and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Medical categories.
The chemical interaction of water and rock is one of the most fascinating an d multifaceted process in geology. The composition of surface water and groundwater is largely controlled by the reaction of water with rocks and minerals. At elevated temperature, hydrothermal features, hydrothermal 0 re deposits and geothermal fields are associated with chemical effects of water-rock interaction. Surface outcrops of rocks from deeper levels in the crust, including exposures of lower crustal and mantle rocks, often display structures that formed by interaction of the rocks with a supercritical aqueous fluid at very high pT conditions. Understanding water-rock interaction is also of great importance to applied geology and geochemistry, particularly in areas such as geothermal energy, nuclear waste repositories and applied hydrogeology. The extremely wide-ranging research efforts on the universal water-rock interaction process is reflected in the wide diversity of themes presented at the regular International Symposia on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI). Because of the large and widespread interest in water-rock interaction, the European Union of Geosciences organized a special symposium on "water-rock interaction" at EUGI0, the biannual meeting in Strasbourg 1999 convened by the editors of this volume. In contrast to the regular WRI symposia addressed to the specialists, the EUG 10 "water-rock interaction" symposium brought the subject to a general platform This very successful symposium showed the way to the future of water-rock reaction research.
Water Rock Interaction Low Temperature Environments
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Author : Yousif K. Kharaka
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 1992
Water Rock Interaction Low Temperature Environments written by Yousif K. Kharaka and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Science categories.
First published in 1992. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Water Rock Interaction
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Author : Oleg V. Chudaev
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2021-07-28
Water Rock Interaction written by Oleg V. Chudaev and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-07-28 with Science categories.
Water-rock interactions play an important role in nearly all physical and chemical processes operating on the Earth's surface and subsurface. This work contains the proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI-8), held in Russia in 1995.
Experimental Rock Water Interactions At Temperatures To 300 Degrees Celsius
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Author : Jared Michael Potter
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1984
Experimental Rock Water Interactions At Temperatures To 300 Degrees Celsius written by Jared Michael Potter and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with Geothermal resources categories.
Experimental Rock Water Interactions At Temperatures To 3000c
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Author : Jared Michael Potter
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1981
Experimental Rock Water Interactions At Temperatures To 3000c written by Jared Michael Potter and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1981 with Geochemistry categories.
Masters Theses In The Pure And Applied Sciences
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Author : Wade H. Shafer
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1992
Masters Theses In The Pure And Applied Sciences written by Wade H. Shafer and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Education categories.
An annual list begun in 1957. Lists the titles and authors of over 13,000 theses accepted during 1989 (and a few accepted earlier but not reported), by discipline astronomy, nuclear engineering, textile technology and then by college. Does not include mathematics or the life sciences. No index. Anno
Experimentally Determined Rock Fluid Interactions Applicable To A Natural Hot Dry Rock Geothermal System
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Author : Robert W. Charles
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 19??
Experimentally Determined Rock Fluid Interactions Applicable To A Natural Hot Dry Rock Geothermal System written by Robert W. Charles and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 19?? with Geothermal engineering categories.