Water System Responses To Toxic Contaminants
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Water System Responses To Toxic Contaminants
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Author : George William Page
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1988
Water System Responses To Toxic Contaminants written by George William Page and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Drinking water categories.
Drinking Water And Health
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1982-02-01
Drinking Water And Health written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982-02-01 with Nature categories.
The most recent volume in the Drinking Water and Health series contains the results of a two-part study on the toxicity of drinking water contaminants. The first part examines current practices in risk assessment, identifies new noncancerous toxic responses to chemicals found in drinking water, and discusses the use of pharmacokinetic data to estimate the delivered dose and response. The second part of the book provides risk assessments for 14 specific compounds, 9 presented here for the first time.
Drinking Water And Health
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1986-02-01
Drinking Water And Health written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986-02-01 with Nature categories.
The most recent volume in the Drinking Water and Health series contains the results of a two-part study on the toxicity of drinking water contaminants. The first part examines current practices in risk assessment, identifies new noncancerous toxic responses to chemicals found in drinking water, and discusses the use of pharmacokinetic data to estimate the delivered dose and response. The second part of the book provides risk assessments for 14 specific compounds, 9 presented here for the first time.
Contamination Of Ground Water By Toxic Organic Chemicals
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1981
Contamination Of Ground Water By Toxic Organic Chemicals written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1981 with Drinking water categories.
Assessing Potential Impacts Associated With Contamination Events In Water Distribution Systems
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Assessing Potential Impacts Associated With Contamination Events In Water Distribution Systems written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
An understanding of the nature of the adverse effects that could be associated with contamination events in water distribution systems is necessary for carrying out vulnerability analyses and designing contamination warning systems. This study examines the adverse effects of contamination events using models for 12 actual water systems that serve populations ranging from about 104 to over 106 persons. The measure of adverse effects that we use is the number of people who are exposed to a contaminant above some dose level due to ingestion of contaminated tap water. For this study the number of such people defines the impact associated with an event. We consider a wide range of dose levels in order to accommodate a wide range of potential contaminants. For a particular contaminant, dose level can be related to a health effects level. For example, a dose level could correspond to the median lethal dose, i.e., the dose that would be fatal to 50% of the exposed population. Highly toxic contaminants may be associated with a particular response at a very low dose level, whereas contaminants with low toxicity may only be associated with the same response at a much higher dose level. This report focuses on the sensitivity of impacts to five factors that either define the nature of a contamination event or involve assumptions that are used in assessing exposure to the contaminant: (1) duration of contaminant injection, (2) time of contaminant injection, (3) quantity or mass of contaminant injected, (4) population distribution in the water distribution system, and (5) the ingestion pattern of the potentially exposed population. For each of these factors, the sensitivities of impacts to injection location and contaminant toxicity are also examined. For all the factors considered, sensitivity tends to increase with dose level (i.e., decreasing toxicity) of the contaminant, with considerable inter-network variability. With the exception of the population distribution (factor 4 above), sensitivity to the various factors tends to be highest at lower impact levels (e.g., impacts below the 80th percentile). Conversely, for the population distribution factor, sensitivity is lowest at the lower impact levels. For injection duration, impacts generally are higher for longer duration injections. Definite patterns are present in the sensitivity of impacts to injection time, but these vary substantially across the networks. As would be expected, impacts are larger for larger mass injections, but the sensitivity can vary dramatically depending on dose level and the network. Estimated impacts can be sensitive to assumptions about how population is distributed in a network, particularly at high impact levels and high dose levels, again with considerable variability across networks. Finally, impacts can be sensitive to assumptions about ingestion patterns in the potentially exposed population, with sensitivities varying across networks and tending to be highest for high dose levels. When considered in combination with the other factors (but not including the ingestion model used), impacts at low dose levels (levels at which the effects of highly toxic contaminants can be significant) are most sensitive to injection duration. Similarly, when considered in combination, impacts at higher dose levels (levels required for significant effects from contaminants with low toxicity) are most sensitive to injection mass. At low dose levels, for a likely range in injection masses, impacts are not particularly sensitive to injection mass. The influence of the various factors on the location of high percentile injection locations can be as important or more important than their influence on the magnitudes of impacts. In addition, the choice of contaminant has a major influence on which nodes are high impact injection locations. The sharing (overlap) of the same high-percentile injection nodes for different values of a factor can vary substantially by contaminant and impact level (percentile of impact). Overlap tends to decrease with decreasing toxicity of the contaminant and increasing impact level for all the factors considered, with considerable variability among the networks. Our results demonstrate the great variability in the impacts and the sensitivity of impacts to various factors that can occur in different water systems during a contamination event. Although definite patterns exist in the nature and magnitude of impacts and sensitivities for the diverse set of water systems examined, these results also show that substantial inter-network variability limits the ability to predict or extrapolate these results to other systems. Therefore, although water systems do exhibit some similarities in the magnitude and pattern of impacts during contamination events, each individual water system should be treated as unique.
Contaminated Water Supplies At Camp Lejeune
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2009-09-06
Contaminated Water Supplies At Camp Lejeune written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-09-06 with Medical categories.
In the early 1980s, two water-supply systems on the Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune in North Carolina were found to be contaminated with the industrial solvents trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PCE). The water systems were supplied by the Tarawa Terrace and Hadnot Point watertreatment plants, which served enlisted-family housing, barracks for unmarried service personnel, base administrative offices, schools, and recreational areas. The Hadnot Point water system also served the base hospital and an industrial area and supplied water to housing on the Holcomb Boulevard water system (full-time until 1972 and periodically thereafter). This book examines what is known about the contamination of the water supplies at Camp Lejeune and whether the contamination can be linked to any adverse health outcomes in former residents and workers at the base.
Water Contamination Emergencies
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Author : John Gray
language : en
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
Release Date : 2009-02-17
Water Contamination Emergencies written by John Gray and has been published by Royal Society of Chemistry this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-02-17 with Nature categories.
This work brings together contributions from leading scientists and experts from both academia and industry in the field of water contamination and emergency planning. The book covers a range of topics including responses to water contamination emergencies to impacts on public health and commerce.
Ground Water Contamination And Protection
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Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Toxic Substances and Environmental Oversight
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1985
Ground Water Contamination And Protection written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Toxic Substances and Environmental Oversight and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with Drinking water categories.
Safe Drinking Water
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Author : Rip G. Rice
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2017-11-22
Safe Drinking Water written by Rip G. Rice and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-22 with Technology & Engineering categories.
A review of the nation’s new coverages serves as a ready reminder that drinking water safety is more than regional of local concern. In recent times, the print media alone has drawn attention to barium, bacteria, heavy metals, and increasingly organic contaminants, in public water supplies located in Florida, Rhode Island, Texas, Oregon, Illinois, Minnesota, North Carolina, Michigan, and California, to name a few. In an effort to address one of the major issues confronting the future of the nation’s drinking water supplies, chemical contamination, the Drinking Water Research Foundation and the American Chemical Society presented the symposium, "Safe Drinking Water: the Impact of Chemicals on a Limited Resource." To add balance to the total presentation, two papers were included that were not part of the symposium. Many questions as to the public significance of hundreds of organic chemicals known to be present in the national drinking water supply are waiting to be answered. In some areas of the country, aid rain-induced alterations of the natural leaching process represent an unexplored potential source of toxic pollutants. Finding workable ways to clean up the water supply will be an ongoing task. Addressing these questions, as well as investigating how other countries are responding to these problems, the alternate sources available, such as bottled water, and point of use devices, the presenters in this symposium have attempted to explain the problems, situation, and alternatives. As progress is made in one area, setbacks will occur in another. As we eliminate problems thought chemical technology, we often create others, such as contamination of our waters. While all the situations, problems, and alternatives are not discussed in these proceedings, it is hoped that some attention will be brought to the public, government, and private sectors so that future work will be done to assure the nation of safe drinking water resources.
Aquatic Pollutants
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Author : O. Hutzinger
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2015-12-04
Aquatic Pollutants written by O. Hutzinger and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-12-04 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Aquatic Pollutants: Transformation and Biological Effects contains the proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Aquatic Pollutants held at Noordwijkerhout (Amsterdam), The Netherlands on September 26-28, 1977. Organized into 47 chapters, this book first describes the aquatic pollutants and their potential biological effects. Subsequent chapters elucidate chemicals with pollution potential; multidetection approach to analysis of organic pollutants in water; volatilization of pollutants from water; microbial transformations of aromatic pollutants; and photochemical transformation of pollutants in water. Other chapters address oxidation of organic compounds in aquatic systems; laboratory microcosms for use in determining pollutant stress; continuous biomonitoring systems for detection of toxic levels of water pollutants; and health aspects of water recycling practices. This book will be useful as a review of existing knowledge in this field. It will also stimulate further thought and research.