Weed Management In Commercial Blueberry And Blackberry Production Systems
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Weed Management In Commercial Blueberry And Blackberry Production Systems
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Author : Stephen Lawrence Meyers
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Weed Management In Commercial Blueberry And Blackberry Production Systems written by Stephen Lawrence Meyers and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Weed Management Training And Irrigation Practices For Organic Production Of Trailing Blackberry
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Author : Emily K. Dixon
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Weed Management Training And Irrigation Practices For Organic Production Of Trailing Blackberry written by Emily K. Dixon and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Blackberries categories.
There is limited information available on production of trailing blackberry, particularly certified organic plantings, which are of interest to growers as there is increased consumer demand and a price premium over conventionally-produced fruit. Various production strategies were evaluated for their effect on yield, biomass production, carbon (C), and nutrient concentrations and content in a certified organic trailing blackberry field grown at the North Willamette Research and Extension Center in Aurora, OR. The planting was irrigated by drip and fertigated with an Organic Materials Review Institute-listed fish hydrolysate and fish emulsion fertilizer. The study was conducted over two complete years and the planting was machine-harvested for the processed market. Treatments used in the study were: cultivar ('Marion' and 'Black Diamond'), irrigation strategy [no irrigation after the final fruit harvest in July (no postharvest) and continuous summer irrigation (postharvest)], weed management strategy [nonweeded (weeds left to grow in the row), hand-weeded (weeds hoed as needed throughout the season), and weed mat (a porous landscape fabric)], and primocane training time (August and February). The best performing organic production systems did not depend on irrigation strategy, utilized weed mat, and used February-training (for 'Marion' only). When the plantings were mature, 'Marion' and 'Black Diamond' yielded as much as 9 and 11 t·ha−1, respectively; similar to what would be expected in conventional production. The use of weed mat consistently increased yield and vegetative growth, even when compared to hand-weeded (13% increase). 'Black Diamond' plants did not compete as effectively with weeds as 'Marion' and were more readily infested by raspberry crown borer (Pennisetia marginata Harris) which likely reduced yield. Unlike 'Black Diamond', 'Marion' was negatively affected by an unusually cold winter in 2014. In that year, August-trained 'Marion' plants had 1 kg/plant less yield than February-trained plants, as well as less biomass. Soil pH, organic matter content, and soil ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) concentrations were greater under weed mat than in hand-weeded plots. Several nutrients were below recommended standards in both the soil or primocane leaf tissue, including soil K, soil boron (B), and primocane leaf N, phosphorus (P), K, Ca, Mg, S, B, and Zn concentrations in at least one year or cultivar. 'Black Diamond' tended to have higher floricane and fruit nutrient concentrations than 'Marion'. Use of weed mat often led to the highest nutrient concentrations in the soil, leaves, and fruit, while withholding irrigation postharvest had limited effects, and the impact of primocane training time varied among years, nutrients, and plant parts. Aboveground dry biomass production in the planting averaged 5.75 t·ha-1, approximately 50% of which was comprised of C. Floricanes, primocanes, and fruit comprised 45%, 30%, and 25% of aboveground plant biomass, respectively. The average aboveground C stock of the planting was 0.75 t·ha−1 in late winter. The treatment with the largest impact on dry biomass and nutrient content was weed management. Weeds reduced aboveground plant dry biomass, primocane, floricane, and fruit nutrient content, and annual gain. Using weed mat for weed control generally led to the largest dry biomass and nutrient content. February-trained 'Marion' plants lost more of most nutrients in 2014 than the year prior, although nutrient gain was not affected by cultivar. Both cultivars lost the most N in harvested fruit when weed mat was used (22 t·ha−1, as compared with 18 t·ha−1 with hand weeding and 12 t·ha−1 with weeds present in 2013), although 'Black Diamond' with weed mat lost 6 t·ha−1 more N through fruit removal than 'Marion' in 2014. Continuous summer irrigation resulted in plants that gained more dry biomass, N, K, Mg, S, B, and Cu than those that received no irrigation after fruit harvest in one or both years. Nitrogen, K, and B were lost at higher rates than what was applied through fertilization, which would eventually lead to the depletion of those nutrients in the planting. Both cultivars appear to be well suited for organic production, although each had their own challenges. Allowing weeds to grow in the row reduced yield, dry biomass, and nutrient concentrations and content, while both hand weeding and the use of weed mat resulted in increased growth and yield. Weed mat improved production even over hand weeding and reduced labor, making it an ideal choice in this organic system. Withholding irrigation after harvest reduced water use by an average of 44% each year without adversely affecting yield or nutrient concentrations in either cultivar, although it did reduce dry biomass and some nutrient gains. Training time mainly affected 'Marion', which had reduced growth and yield when primocanes were trained in August.
Weed Control
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Author : Nicholas E. Korres
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2018-12-19
Weed Control written by Nicholas E. Korres and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-19 with Science categories.
In light of public concerns about sustainable food production, the necessity for human and environmental protection, along with the evolution of herbicide resistant weeds, call for a review of current weed control strategies. Sustainable weed control requires an integrated approach based on knowledge of each crop and the weeds that threaten it. This book will be an invaluable source of information for scholars, growers, consultants, researchers and other stakeholders dealing with either arable, row, cash, vegetables, orchards or even grassland-based production systems. The uniqueness of this book comes from the balanced coverage of herbicide effects on humans and environment in relation to best weed control practices of the most important cropping systems worldwide. Furthermore, it amalgamates and discusses the most appropriate, judicious and suitable weed control strategies for a wide range of crops. It reviews the available information and suggests solutions that are not merely feasible but also optimal.
Weed Water And Nutrient Management Practices For Organic Blackberry During Establishment
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Author : Renee H. Harkins
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Weed Water And Nutrient Management Practices For Organic Blackberry During Establishment written by Renee H. Harkins and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Blackberries categories.
The study was conducted in an organic trailing blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus, Watson) planting established at the North Willamette Research and Extension Center in Aurora, OR on 26 May 2010. Three weed management systems were compared for 'Marion' and 'Black Diamond': 1) non-weeded; 2) hand-hoed two to three times per year (hand weed); and 3) black landscape fabric mulch (weed mat). The planting was certified organic in May 2012, the first fruiting year. Aboveground weed dry weight (DW) increased from 2010 through 2012 in the non-weeded plots. Findings suggest that nitrogen (N) was the major nutrient affecting blackberry cane growth and fruit development. Other nutrients were considered sufficient as evidenced by soil and plant tissue testing, with the exception of calcium (Ca) and boron, which were at the low end of the sufficiency range in some soil and tissue samples. Soil nutrients fluctuated a small amount by distance and location relative to the emitter and sampling depth. However overall nutrient concentrations were adequate for good blackberry growth. Given some of the observed nutrient trends, soil sampling should be completed in-row, under the drip emitters where fertilizer is applied, at a 0.15 cm depth, to ensure proper long-term soil management. Total aboveground plant biomass increased from 0.3 and 2.0 t·ha−1 in the non-fruiting years (2010 and 2011, respectively) to 3.4 t·ha−1 in the fruiting year (2012). Primocane number and plant DW were not affected by cultivar or weed management in 2010. In 2011, 'Black Diamond' had shorter primocanes and less biomass and macro- and micro-nutrient accumulation than 'Marion'. Plants grown without weed control produced fewer but longer primocanes with less biomass and lower nutrient content. In 2012, floricane biomass removed at pruning was greater for 'Marion' plants and was least for plants in non-weeded plots, and greatest for plants in weed mat plots. Floricanes had greater macro- and micronutrient concentrations than the primocanes, but less than when the floricane leaves were sampled in July, indicating nutrient loss to the fruit and possibly remobilization of some nutrients during cane senescence. Ultimately, floricanes were also a sink for nutrients, reducing primocane biomass in 2012. During the first harvest year (2012), the cultivars did not differ in the DW yield, however, 'Black Diamond' had a greater fresh yield than 'Marion' (6.0 kg·plant−1 and 5.2 kg·plant−1, respectively). The proportion of above-ground DW biomass allocated to fruit in weed controlled plots averaged 40% in 'Marion' and 56% in 'Black Diamond', suggesting a greater yield efficiency of 'Black Diamond' plants. Non-weeded plots produced approx. half the fresh yield (3.65 kg·plant-1), 39% of the fruit DW biomass as weed mat plots, and the treatment had fruit with lower moisture content, higher percent soluble solids, and lower Ca concentrations, than the other treatments. Net gain of N averaged 41 kg·ha−1 with weed control compared to 25 kg·ha−1 without weed control. Both cultivars accumulated large quantities of N, potassium, and Ca for growth and yield. Nutrient gains may have exceeded fertilizer nutrients available in the fruit production year. Overall, cultivar and weed management strategies had inconsistent effects on tissue and soil nutrient status during the study, with the exception of N. 'Black Diamond' and 'Marion' performed similarly across all three weed management strategies and appeared well suited to organic production for high-value processed markets. Weed mat appeared best suited for organic systems, reducing labor required for weed control, enhancing nutrient uptake by plants, and producing the greatest amount of plant growth and yield. Weed management strategies affected nutrient accumulation and loss, indicating fertilization may need to be adjusted depending on the strategy used.
Handbook Of Weed Management Systems
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Author : Albert E. Smith
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-11-22
Handbook Of Weed Management Systems written by Albert E. Smith and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-22 with Science categories.
This work provides the fundamental information necessary for the development of weed management strategies for all the major US crops using concepts that can be applied worldwide. Weed management systems are provided for cotton, peanut, soybean, wheat, barley, oat, sorghum, rice, fruits, nut crops, and more. The dynamics involved in creating the best management approaches for specific types of crops are explained.
Expanding The Context Of Weed Management
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Author : Douglas Buhler
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2020-07-26
Expanding The Context Of Weed Management written by Douglas Buhler and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-26 with Science categories.
Presents innovative approaches to weeds and weed management. Expanding the Context of Weed Management is your key to the latest economically and environmentally friendly methods of managing weeds. You will explore the biological, cultural, mechanical, and preventive tools and techniques that are necessary to successfully manage weeds. Expanding the Context of Weed Management teaches you how to optimize your crop production and profit by integrating preventive techniques, scientific knowledge, and management skills into your current farming routine. This practical volume contains a series of review articles and original research that present innovative approaches to weeds and weed management. In its pages you will discover valuable and practical information about: how weeds can be considered a part of the cropping system instead of an isolated pest to beeliminated why weeds behave as they do short and long term approaches to changing weed management standard breeding methods for weed competitive crops how to improve soil quality to manage weeds how to integrate pest management for weeds how to avoid propagule production how to reduce weed emergence in crops how to minimize weed competition with the crop The costliness of weeds and weed control is more than $15 billion a year in the United States.Expanding the Context of Weed Management will help you cut this cost with the latest methods of effective weed control. Intended for agronomists, weed scientists, crop advisors, environmentalists, students, and crop ecologists,this book provides a successful and environmentally sound perspective on weeds and their control.
Towards An Integrated Management System For Blackberry
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
Towards An Integrated Management System For Blackberry written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Weeds categories.
Weed Management In Blackberries And Raspberries
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Author : John Wesley Boyd
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
Weed Management In Blackberries And Raspberries written by John Wesley Boyd and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Blackberries categories.
Maximising Crop Productivity In Wa Farming Systems By Sustainable Weed Management
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Author : Abul H. Hashem
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Maximising Crop Productivity In Wa Farming Systems By Sustainable Weed Management written by Abul H. Hashem and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Agricultural productivity categories.
Weed Management For Organic Farmers Growers And Smallholders
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Author : Gareth Davies
language : en
Publisher: Crowood Press (UK)
Release Date : 2008
Weed Management For Organic Farmers Growers And Smallholders written by Gareth Davies and has been published by Crowood Press (UK) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Organic farming categories.
This well researched book covers all aspects of organic weed management. It is essential reading, not only for organic farmers, growers, and smallholders, but also for organic advisers and consultants, agricultural students and all those who have an interest in weed management theory and practice in organic farming systems. The authors provide a practical guide to weed management practices on organic farms in temperate areas and emphasize a 'whole system approach' to organic weed management in the context of whole rotations. The book examines the scientific and organic principles underlying weed management and considers their implications for weed control. A thorough assessment is made of all of the common weeds and the different methods needed to manage them, both within particular crops and across broader organic agricultural systems.