What Is Behind Labor Mobility Costs Evidence From Indonesia
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What Is Behind Labor Mobility Costs Evidence From Indonesia
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Author : Massimiliano Cali
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
What Is Behind Labor Mobility Costs Evidence From Indonesia written by Massimiliano Cali and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
The ability of workers to transition to a new job is crucial to determine the resilience of an economy to (positive or negative) shocks. This paper provides new evidence on the factors that affect labor mobility by using labor data on Indonesia, one of countries with the higher estimated labor mobility costs. To do so it investigates correlates of the probability of an individual finding a job after a negative labor market shock, as well as of the duration of job search. The results show that higher housing prices are associated with higher mobility costs, suggesting that housing benefits or policies that increase the supply of housing may help reduce mobility costs in Indonesia. More generally, public expenditure on infrastructure seems to reduce labor mobility costs, particularly in urban areas, consistently with a reduction in transaction costs - such as urban transport. The results also highlight that formal institutional mechanisms such as job advertisements do not appear to work effectively to help labor mobility in Indonesia, suggesting the need to re-think active labor market policies. On the other hand, minimum wage level - a key outcome of labor market policy - does not appear to affect labor mobility. Labor mobility costs seem higher in urban areas, which could indicate a lower opportunity cost of joblessness than in rural area, employment composition skewed towards sectors with higher mobility costs and/or large congestion costs that negatively affect labor mobility. On the other hand, the general female penalty in labor mobility is less accentuated in urban areas, which may be the result of sectoral composition and/or less discriminatory cultural norms than in rural areas.
The Aggregate Productivity Effects Of Internal Migration
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Author : Gharad Bryan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
The Aggregate Productivity Effects Of Internal Migration written by Gharad Bryan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Labor productivity categories.
We estimate the aggregate productivity gains from reducing barriers to internal labor migration in Indonesia, accounting for worker selection and spatial differences in human capital. We distinguish between movement costs, which mean workers will only move if they expect higher wages, and amenity differences, which mean some locations must pay more to attract workers. We find modest but important aggregate impacts. We estimate a 22% increase in labor productivity from removing all barriers. Reducing migration costs to the US level, a high mobility benchmark, leads to an 8% productivity boost. These figures hides substantial heterogeneity. The origin population that benefits most sees an 104% increase in average earnings from a complete barrier removal, or a 37% increase from moving to the US benchmark.
Indonesia
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Author : Edimon Ginting
language : en
Publisher: Asian Development Bank
Release Date : 2018-02-01
Indonesia written by Edimon Ginting and has been published by Asian Development Bank this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-01 with Business & Economics categories.
The book focuses on Indonesia's most pressing labor market challenges and associated policy options to achieve higher and more inclusive economic growth. The challenges consist of creating jobs for and the skills in a youthful and increasingly better educated workforce, and raising the productivity of less-educated workers to meet the demands of the digital age. The book deals with a range of interrelated topics---the changing supply and demand for labor in relation to the shift of workers out of agriculture; urbanization and the growth of megacities; raising the quality of schooling for new jobs in the digital economy; and labor market policies to improve both labor standards and productivity.
The Hidden Costs Of Mobility
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Author : Sneha Kumar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
The Hidden Costs Of Mobility written by Sneha Kumar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
This dissertation examines the mental health implications of labor migration for older parents and spouses left behind in Indonesia. It analyzes panel data from the 2007 and 2014 Indonesia Family Life Survey using individual fixed effects regressions to address endogeneity concerns. Paper 1 investigates how adult children's outmigration affects older parents' depression as care conditions at origin and migrant conditions at destination evolve. It finds that migration is associated with an increase in depression for parents, net of changes in economic status, physical health, and other covariates. It also finds important heterogeneities in impacts as parents who lack support via co-residence or daily interactions with children, and parents with children working in destinations with limited labor protections experience the most distress. Paper 2 extends these findings by exploring if health implications vary by the gender composition of migrant children. It finds that parents with a labor migrant daughter experience more depression than those with no labor migrant children, and those with only labor migrant sons. Further analysis shows that parental depression increases when a migrant daughter is unmarried, suggesting that daughter's migration is particularly challenging for parents when it threatens her sexual reputation and marital prospects. Sensitivity checks show no parallel results for parents with unmarried migrant sons (and without unmarried migrant daughters), underscoring how gendered moral expectations shape parents' distress. Paper 3 turns to the experiences of working-age spouses left behind, asking how marital separation due to migration influences different domains of mental health. It finds that while individuals with migrant spouses do not see an increase in depression as those who exit unions do, they experience a decline in domain satisfaction compared to those who live with their spouse. Left behind wives and left behind husbands report less satisfaction with family life and food status, respectively. Additionally, men with migrant wives increase cigarette consumption compared to men with co-resident wives, paralleling the substance use/abuse behaviors of men who exit unions. Collectively, these papers highlight the mental health costs of migration and family disruption for sending families, and identify how origin conditions, migrant destinations, and gender shape these burdens.
Skills For The Labor Market In Indonesia
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Author : Emanuela Di Gropello
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2011
Skills For The Labor Market In Indonesia written by Emanuela Di Gropello and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Business & Economics categories.
In Indonesia, the past two decades have been a time of great progress but also massive transformations and abrupt setbacks. In this context, this book reviews the main characteristics of - and trends in - demand for skills in Indonesia. It seeks to document the existence of a possible skills mismatch between employer demands and the available supply, the contribution of the education and training sector to this mismatch, and possible measures to improve the education and training system's responsiveness to what the labor market and the economy need. In today's job market in Indonesia, there appears to be a premium on theoretical and practical knowledge of the job. While skills do not appear to be yet among the most important constraints for the economy, the situation is different for larger more export-oriented manufacturing firms. Subjective assessments of difficulties of matching needs with available skills provide evidence that skills are becoming an issue overall in Indonesia. The widest gaps across professional profiles are for English and computer skills followed by thinking and behavioral skills. Theoretical and practical knowledge of the job are also considered to be weak. There are important gaps in creativity, computing and some technical skills for young workers. English remains the largest gap. Five general skill related priorities can be highlighted for Indonesia. First, the country needs to improve skill measurement to get a fuller understanding of skill needs and gaps. Second, it is urgent for Indonesia to address the still unsatisfactory quality and relevance of its formal education, including higher education. Third, the country needs to set-up multiple pathways for skill development. Fourth, the country needs to develop an integrated approach to tackle skill development for youth. Fifth, Indonesia should also tackle labor market constraints which affect the skill matching process.
Moving For Prosperity Global Migration And Labor Markets
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Author : The World Bank
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date :
Moving For Prosperity Global Migration And Labor Markets written by The World Bank and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Time To Act
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Author : Mark Roberts
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2019-10-03
Time To Act written by Mark Roberts and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-03 with Business & Economics categories.
Indonesia has urbanized rapidly since its independence in 1945, profoundly changing its economic geography and giving rise to a diverse array of urban places. These places range from the bustling metropolis of Jakarta to rapidly emerging urban centers in hitherto largely rural parts of the country. Although urbanization has produced considerable benefits for many Indonesians, its potential has only been partially realized. Time to ACT: Realizing Indonesia’s Urban Potential explores the extent to which urbanization in Indonesia has delivered in terms of prosperity, inclusiveness, and livability. The report takes a broad view of urbanization’s performance in these three key areas, covering both the monetary and nonmonetary aspects of welfare. It analyzes the fundamental reforms that can help the country to more fully achieve widespread and sustainable benefits, and it introduces a new policy framework—the ACT framework—to guide policy making. This framework emphasizes the three policy principles of Augment, Connect, and Target: • Augment the provision and quality of infrastructure and basic services across urban and rural locations • Connect places and people to jobs and opportunities and services • Target lagging areas and marginalized groups through well-designed place-based policies, as well as thoughtful urban planning and design. Using this framework, the report provides policy recommendations differentiated by four types of place that differ in both their economic characteristics and the challenges that they face— multidistrict metro areas, single-district metro areas, nonmetro urban areas, and nonmetro rural areas. In addition to its eight chapters, Time to ACT: Realizing Indonesia’s Urban Potential includes four spotlights on strengthening the disaster resilience of Indonesian cities, the nexus between urbanization and human capital, the “invisible†? crisis of wastewater management, and the potential for smart cities in Indonesia. If Indonesia continues to urbanize in line with global historical standards, more than 70 percent of its population will be living in towns and cities by the time the country celebrates the centenary of its independence in 2045. Accordingly, how Indonesia manages this continued expansion of its urban population—and the mounting congestion forces that expansion brings—will do much to determine whether the country reaches the upper rungs of the global ladder of prosperity, inclusiveness, and livability.
The Labor Market And Economic Adjustment
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Author : Pierre-Richard Agénor
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1995-11-01
The Labor Market And Economic Adjustment written by Pierre-Richard Agénor and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-11-01 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper examines the role of the labor market in the transmission process of adjustment policies in developing countries. It begins by reviewing the recent evidence regarding the functioning of these markets. It then studies the implications of wage inertia, nominal contracts, labor market segmentation, and impediments to labor mobility for stabilization policies. The effect of labor market reforms on economic flexibility and the channels through which labor market imperfections alter the effects of structural adjustment measures are discussed next. The last part of the paper identifies a variety of issues that may require further investigation, such as the link between changes in relative wages and the distributional effects of adjustment policies.
Skilled Labor Mobility And Migration
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Author : Elisabetta Gentile
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2019
Skilled Labor Mobility And Migration written by Elisabetta Gentile and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Business & Economics categories.
One of the primary objectives of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), established in 2015, was to boost skilled labor mobility within the region. This insightful book takes stock of the existing trends and patterns of skilled labor migration in the ASEAN. It endeavors to identify the likely winners and losers from the free movement of natural persons within the region through counterfactual policy simulations. Finally, it discusses existing issues and obstacles through case studies, as well as other sectoral examples.
The Distributional Impacts Of Trade
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Author : Jakob Engel
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2021-06-09
The Distributional Impacts Of Trade written by Jakob Engel and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-06-09 with Business & Economics categories.
Trade is a well-established driver of growth and poverty reduction.But changes in trade policy also have distributional impacts that create winners and losers. It is vital to understand and clearly communicate how trade affects economic well-being across all segments of the population, as well as how policies can more effectively ensure that the gains from trade are distributed more widely. The Distributional Impacts of Trade: Empirical Innovations, Analytical Tools, and Policy Responses provides a deeper understanding of the distributional effects of trade across regions, industries, and demographic groups within countries over time. It includes an overview (chapter 1); a review of innovations in empirical and theoretical work covering the impacts of trade at the subnational level (chapter 2); highlights from empirical case studies on Bangladesh, Brazil, Mexico, South Africa, and Sri Lanka (chapter 3); and a policy agenda to improve distributional outcomes from trade (chapter 4). This book comes at a time when the shock from COVID-19 (coronavirus) adds to an already uncertain trade policy environment in which the value of the multilateral trading system has been under increased scrutiny. A better understanding of how trade affects distributional outcomes can lead to more inclusive policies and support the ability of countries to maximize broad-based benefits from trade.