When Gravity Breaks Down
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When Gravity Breaks Down
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Author : Balungi Francis
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020-04-10
When Gravity Breaks Down written by Balungi Francis and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-10 with categories.
In Newton's view, all objects exert a force that attracts other objects. That universal law of gravitation worked pretty well for predicting the motion of planets as well as objects on Earth and it's still used, for example, when making the calculations for a rocket launch. But Newton's view of gravity didn't work for some things, like Mercury's peculiar orbit around the sun. The orbits of planets shift over time, and Mercury's orbit shifted faster than Newton predicted.Einstein's idea was that gravity is not a force, but it is really an effect caused by the curvature of space and time. Although all its predictions have almost been confirmed by experiment, General relativity fails to explain details near space time singularities at the centre of Black holes and the mysterious dark matter. Which means Einstein equations cannot explain the motion of stars in galaxies and galaxy clusters. Mordehai Milgrom MOND explains the motion of stars in galaxies correctly without assuming Dark matter. Therefore MOND is an alternative to Newton's law of Universal gravitation. However the most serious problem facing Milgrom's law is that it cannot completely eliminate the need for dark matter in all astrophysical systems.Most theorists believe that gravitons must exist, and that they could be candidates for Dark matter, because quantum theory has successfully explained every other force of nature. But not everyone agrees. No theory claiming to unify quantum theory with GR has been successfully verified, and this has raised suspicions that perhaps gravity isn't like any other force - in which case gravitons may not exist.The theory of quantum gravity is expected to be able to provide a satisfactory description of the microstructure of space time at the so called Planck scales, at which all fundamental constants of the ingredient theories, c (speed of light), h ( Planck constant) and G ( Newton's constant), come together to form units of mass, length and time. The search for the full theory of quantum gravity has been stymied by the fact that gravity's quantum properties never seem to manifest in actual experience.One option for a solution to this conundrum is string theory, or the idea that everything we perceive as a particle or force is simply an excitation of a closed or open string, vibrating at specific but unique frequencies. One of the major criticisms of string theory has to do not with the theory so much as with theorists. Not only that, the strings of string theory are stupendously small, thought to be somewhere around the Planck scale, a bare 10-34 meters across. That's far, far smaller than anything we can possibly hope to probe even with our most precise instruments. The strings are so small, in fact, that they appear to us to be point-like particles, such as electrons and photons and neutrons. We simply can't ever stare at a string directly.Therefore emergent gravity or entropic gravity is a theory in modern physics that describes gravity as an entropic force, a force with macro-scale homogeneity but which is subject to quantum level disorder and not a fundamental interaction.The theory has been controversial within the physics community but has sparked research and experiments to test its validity. The problem is, if emergent gravity just reproduces General Relativity, there's no way to test the idea. What we need instead is a prediction from emergent gravity that deviates from General Relativity.Finally when all is said and done, the fifth force is proposed and its first result is that it reproduces the MOND and Emergent gravity results from one single force equation and solves all gravitational problems leaving none untouched. Although it is accurate there is one problem; it can't explain the origin of gravity.Gravity is then fixed by postulating that it is as a result of the Casimir effect due to vacuum polarizations with sounding experimental proof. This book will help you fix Gravity.
Generalized Perturbations In Modified Gravity And Dark Energy
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Author : Jonathan Pearson
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-09-20
Generalized Perturbations In Modified Gravity And Dark Energy written by Jonathan Pearson and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09-20 with Science categories.
When predictions of Einstein's theory of General Relativity are compared against observations of our Universe, a huge inconsistency is found. The most popular fix for this inconsistency is to "invent" around 94% of the content of the universe: dark matter and dark energy. The dark energy is some exotic substance responsible for the apparent observed acceleration of the Universe. Another fix is to modify the theory of gravity: it is entirely plausible that Einstein's theory of General Relativity breaks down on cosmological scales, just as Newton's theory of gravity breaks down in the extreme gravitational field of the Sun. There are many alternative theories of gravity, each with the aim of describing observations of our Universe where General Relativity fails. Whether it is dark energy or some modified theory of gravity, it is clear that there is some "dark sector" in the Universe. In this thesis the author constructs a unifying framework for understanding the observational impact of general classes of dark sector theories, by formulating equations of state for the dark sector perturbations.
The Beauty Of Falling
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Author : Claudia de Rham
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2024-04-02
The Beauty Of Falling written by Claudia de Rham and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-04-02 with Science categories.
"This book explores the subject of gravity in a fresh way, taking the reader from Newton to the frontiers of gravitational physics. Per Einstein's general theory of relativity, gravity is a manifestation of the curvature of spacetime, and this is an excellent and robust framework for understanding gravity in many situations. However, physicists nowadays also often understand gravity as the manifestation of a fundamental particle - the graviton - in the same way that we understand electromagnetism as the manifestation of the photon. And, in the very same way that we can "see" light, which is nothing other than an electromagnetic wave propagating through space and time, we can now "hear" gravity in the form of gravitational waves (waves in the very fabric of spacetime). As we celebrate 6 years since the first direct detection of gravitational waves, the reality of these waves, predicted by Einstein's theory of gravity, is now unquestionable. They offer a cutting-edge opportunity to decipher the many mysteries that our Universe is still hiding. What is the origin of the Universe? What are the dark components of the Universe that explain its structure and evolution? What is our fate? In The Beauty of Falling, de Rahm will explore these mysteries, building up a palpable portrait of gravity - what we know and don't know.The book begins with the Newtonian notion of gravitational force and quickly proceeds to Einstein's theory of relativity, while revealing how much more of our picture there is yet to uncover. The author will emphasize that General Relativity predicts its own downfall, and where the theory breaks down - at the particle level - is exactly where scientists are focusing in their search for new physics. The author brings the reader to a new gravitational frontier and, in doing so, introduces her own work - a theory of "massive gravity."While Einstein's theory of gravity assumes that the graviton is massless, "massive gravity" suggests an alternative - that the graviton may indeed have mass and a finite range, meaning that it "switches off" at cosmological scales. This would explain the current accelerating expansion of the universe that is observed. The author interweaves her personal history and research trajectory throughout, explaining the science but also highlighting the adventure of research, the thrill of questioning nature and challenging it in its deepest realization, and the excitement of discovering something entirely new. The story contains setbacks and breakthroughs, from the challenge of being a woman in a field where the representation of women is typically less than 10%, to dealing with the aftermath of challenging the previous claims of a generation of senior scientists (most of whom are men)"--
Regular Black Holes
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Author : Cosimo Bambi
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2023-07-04
Regular Black Holes written by Cosimo Bambi and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-07-04 with Science categories.
Black holes are one of the most fascinating predictions of general relativity. They are the natural product of the complete gravitational collapse of matter and today we have a body of observational evidence supporting the existence of black holes in the Universe. However, general relativity predicts that at the center of black holes there are spacetime singularities, where predictability is lost and standard physics breaks down. It is widely believed that spacetime singularities are a symptom of the limitations of general relativity and must be solved within a theory of quantum gravity. Since we do not have yet any mature and reliable candidate for a quantum gravity theory, researchers have studied toy-models of singularity-free black holes and of singularity-free gravitational collapses in order to explore possible implications of the yet unknown theory of quantum gravity. This book reviews all main models of regular black holes and non-singular gravitational collapses proposed in the literature, and discuss the theoretical and observational implications of these scenarios.
Once Before Time
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Author : Martin Bojowald
language : en
Publisher: Vintage
Release Date : 2010-11-09
Once Before Time written by Martin Bojowald and has been published by Vintage this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11-09 with Science categories.
In 2000, Martin Bojowald, then a twenty-seven-year-old post-doc at Pennsylvania State University, used a relatively new theory called loop quantum gravity—a cunning combination of Einstein’s theory of gravity with quantum mechanics—to create a simple model of the universe. Loop quantum cosmology was born, and with it, a theory that managed to do something even Einstein’s general theory of relativity had failed to do—illuminate the very birth of the universe. Ever since, loop quantum cosmology, or LQC, has been tantalizing physicists with the idea that our universe could conceivably have emerged from the collapse of a previous one. Now the theory is poised to formulate hypotheses we can actually test. If they are verified, the big bang will give way to the big bounce. Instead of a universe that emerged from a point of infinite density, we will have one that recycles, possibly through an eternal series of expansions and contractions, with no beginning and no end. Bojowald’s major realization was that unlike general relativity, the physics of LQC do not break down at the big bang. The greatest mystery surrounding the origin of the universe is what cosmologists call the big bang “singularity”—the point at the beginning of the universe, prior to the existence of space and time, when gravity, along with the temperature and density of the universe, becomes infinite. The equations of general relativity can’t cope with such infinities, and as a result big bang theory has never been able to give any explanation for the initial condition of our universe, succeeding only in describing and explaining the evolution of the universe from that instant onward. Bojowald’s theory takes us right up to the first moment of the universe—and then back, even before the big bang itself.
The Gravity Connection
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Author : Robert Dean Burlison II
language : en
Publisher: Robert Dean Burlison II
Release Date :
The Gravity Connection written by Robert Dean Burlison II and has been published by Robert Dean Burlison II this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with Bibles categories.
Once gravity is explained, it leads to (connects) the UFO. Do they exist based on can one be built? Further connections yield new physics theory. The ultimate connection explains thru science how God's existence is feasible and a scenario for Creation going back before the Big Bang and before Time. As an experiment in thought (because one cannot do the experiments in a lab), there are dead ends, but the general concepts are sound. Reviewed twice, the visible review by that guy who knows the author well is in fact by the author, me. The other review is in the from of the book which is NOT in the FREE PREview. All I will say is that, though much was over his education I had proved what I set out to prove. He is NOT stupid. In fact his email domain is @illinois.gov. The book was typed in 1989 but I lost Faith due to little me actually dealing with God. I copyrighted in 2007. NOW, circa 2017 so called Scientists are claiming to have proved God. They did not give one equation, diagram, engineering or scientific analogy (parable). They just added more circumstantial evidence of a "Creator" which common man did not know. So I tried to message the publisher and added another piece of circumstantial evidence. If God had provided 5% less mass of atmosphere the density at ground / Kitty Hawk level would NOT have allowed the Wright Brothers to succeed with minimal power. Yes birds would still be able to fly. So would modern jets and EVEN World War One aircraft. But NO. We would NOT be flying today because the Wright Brothers proved it impossible. I gave you the story from before TIME of God appearing gradually by vacuum genesis, refining His operation system to Windows 100 at which time He suddenly realized "I AM THAT I AM"...self realization....the Alpha beginning of TIME....the first "Mind" to keep track of time. However God knows that there is a reverse to vacuum genesis. TIME (eternity) is God's Lifespan but it may not be Forever. "I am the Alpha & Omega". My point" There are those who say "God id DEAD" Well that is very grave, but at least the believe enough to put flowers on His Grave. God's substance is actually particles of ether and I did not explain why Michelson Morley Experiment failed because the simple reason popped into my mind during a walk and i had no way to write it down. I forgot why. Ether particles are arranged to form larger particles of spirit, God's Spirit body. God in-turn, there being NOTHING else in space, used part of his spirit substance (His own body which is a sphere NOT in MAN'S Image but His own) To CREATE matter and energy, the Universe which is enclosed by His spherical being and finally LIFE +YOU. POINT. If God dies..the Omega...His spirit substance breaks down into just common ether of empty space. Hey WE ARE MADE OF STAR STUFF as Dr. Carl Sagan said. But God first made Stars ("Let there be Light") and also maintains their existence with His own body. OK not to spoon feed you, when God dies ALL disappears without a "POOF" because if God was never here we certainly were not. The History hard drive is erased. TIME again does not exist. Yes the + and - ether particles (I called then itties from "Ittie bittie spider) remain in space with the "true void" third particle between (Like the empty space between racked pool balls or in a crystal lattice.). The before and after pictures of the Alpha & Omega are identical, just blackness waiting for vacuum genesis of (step 1) a new God identical to the DEAD God which never was. My eBook is low priced considering the 5 years to write, condense by tossing much insight into the trash and package so logic comes full circle. Yet one man who was teaching himself physics contacted me and I have one "fan" in Brazil. For over a decade zero sales, not even the woman who said "If God exists, prove it with science". NOW, unlike thos elater comer scientists, I do not claim to have proved God exist, but only that it is FEASIBLE. But hey. You are mortal. I am pointing a gun between you eyes. It is FEASIBLE that a bullet might come out. So I still have Great Faith but had no hope after a frustrating decade sharing the Website like talking to the wall. However today my hope is back for both me and you. Google now has a way to list book genres and I listed over 80. Yes no matter your specialty, the book comes full circle. Set up dominoes in a big circle. Each domino is a piece of knowledge which may match one of your own. If you knock over (grasp) one domino anywhere around the circle the rest fall sequentially around the FULL CIRCLE so you are able to piece many of the dominoes together & know some of the Spiritual game plan. So how can a 260 page book address 80+ genres? From the book "Everything is related to EVERYTHING." Learn how God "sees" , takes the shape of a wise old man on a cloud or a burning bush when addressing select individuals. The book shows it as a square wave just as computer data is transmitted serially. God's communication medium is actually GRAVITY.which carried the information N times faster than radio at light speed. N = Infinity or instantaneous quantum leaps from point A to B. Data bit move thru our brains at the speed of light until reaching a nerve cell where the data bit must wait for a chemical reation (to avoid a computer race problem). Now scale this up to God's massive mind. Remember it is a sphere around that big thing called the UNIVERSE. In God's Mind light speed is replaced by those instantaneous leaps. I call these quantum s (different distances like 1, 10, 100, 1000 Parsecs) instantaneousness. Yes Light speed is used too, but as the slow chemical reaction before entering one of God's memory locations (nerve cells). God's thought flows around the sphere by instantaneousness. A slight warp of the sphere like one of our eye balls can focus God's vision on and point but He focuses INSIDE the ball rather than outside and in just one direction like our eyes. Hey, maybe i should charge more for this "about the book" and just give the actual book away free. So I will end by telling how I know my physics are correct. 3 times at different points during the writing I diagramed Einstein's Expansion-Contraction Gravity Wave. It is difficult to show except as a cross-section and that is why I used a common square wave as mentioned above. Also did Jesus have any medical education? His Fathe r, God had to send data of how He Created Man, what the sickness or deformity looked like because can "see" into you, down to the subatomic where gravity is generated. Also the square wave is just oscillating electricity. Can it not be rectified into DC power, the POWER and data to Heal sent simultaneously. But to Heal Jesus had to move human tissue or kill germs maybe by removing DNA. No it wass not really a square wave but a gravity wave because gravity CAN MOVE THINGS or jiggle a brain cell in Jesus to give a bit (or byte) of information.Before healing the blind man Jesus put mud in his eyes. Just matter to replace the damaged tissuess in the blind eyes. God also sent Jesus data on how to change the elements in mud into the elements needed for new eye tissue. No a MUD BOMB is not a good Nuclear Deterrence, but think about it. If Alchemy of any element were possible for Mankind to do would it not have blown the blind man's head off? I, the author will not supply +/- 7,500 VIP references. Herb who was in charge of the Space Shuttle program, a former prime Minister, Crown Prince ____, top Swedish model Hetty & this dirty old man knows top Penthouse model Riva and April S. from Playboy & MAXIM. Supermodel Miranda Kerr just connected but we never exchanged a word, Golen Globe actress Jessica Alba, Anna in some way associated with the Secretariat or the country of Georgia in Europe, an Italian Parliamentary Assistant, hundreds of CEOs, 10 or 20 religious organizations and many ministers or priests, Congressmen at State & Federal level or candidates who sometime ask my help, poor Christians in Bangladesh, a Christian Evangelist man and Christian woman teaching young children inside Islamic Pakistan, a man in Central America asked me how to sell his paintings in America, a well educated man in Tanzania needed help with eco-farming, a woman in Gambia just messaged "Hello" and was satisfied to receive my hello back. The USA is supporting the bombing of Yemen. Yet a man there messages me and is concerned about my poor health. Go here and if you care to share it allowing me time for more sleep thank you and you may get good leadership should my Prophesy analysis for TRUMP be correct and all his Worshipers are stranded at sea with nobody to vote for. http://site-1764343-7463-3600.strikingly.com Bless you ALL God's children no matter what your religion says God Is or if you are or are not "Saved" by acceptance of Christ Jesus. OH, to further help you grasp, that circle of dominoes is big while the individual domino is small. Lets saw God's huge "Library of Congress" has a locked door to each subject room. A door is big and hard to break thru. But the door lock is small and you could easily open the door if not for the locked lock. So, what is even smaller than that lock? The KEY. That is what my book is. KEY to the Universe and God being a Natural part. What is OUTSIDE the universe or sphere "Skull of the Universe, God" is beyond the scope of the book because bubble theory would anger those who say "there shall be no other God(s) than Me". Well there are because infinity keeps going beyond just "the " universe. Inside spheres such as the one right next to our god other life may have been created by that god. But it is no skin off my teeth because that god did not create me or you. The other gods way into infinity are other people's or beings' fathers, NOT our father God. It is beyond my tiny brain (yes tiny for God sent me insights for the book) to figure out if God speaks or can speak to His neighbor gods. I doubt it for standing in a crowd you can speak to those beside you but not to a person 15 feet away and hidden by other faces. Continuing, ".....no other god but ME for I am a jealous God". Wouldn't you be jealous if the government, employment statistics, candidates, military, entertainers considered you just a number, a percentage, just one vote, expendable grunt or fan? Hmmm. Do you wonder if God understands the feeling of being just a number in infinite number of other numbers? God Created us because He was lonely. Yes first came Angels but they I guess are more like yes men or the "pleasant" robot voice that answers the phone. WARNING: IN SPITE OF EDITS 3 PHYSICALLY TING BUT EFFECTIVELY HUGE ERRORS REMAIN (TYPOS). sIMILAR TO "IS" INSTEAD OF "IS NOT" THEY REVERSE POLARITY, +/-, NORTH / SOUTH, CLOCKWISE / COUNTERCLOCKWISE. I have not way to corrrect this. So as soon as my words become illogical back up to a polarity or true /false or one/ zero, or yes / no and fix it for me.
The Science Of Interstellar
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Author : Kip Thorne
language : en
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
Release Date : 2014-11-07
The Science Of Interstellar written by Kip Thorne and has been published by W. W. Norton & Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-11-07 with Science categories.
A journey through the otherworldly science behind Christopher Nolan’s award-winning film, Interstellar, from executive producer and Nobel Prize-winning physicist Kip Thorne. Interstellar, from acclaimed filmmaker Christopher Nolan, takes us on a fantastic voyage far beyond our solar system. Yet in The Science of Interstellar, Kip Thorne, the Nobel prize-winning physicist who assisted Nolan on the scientific aspects of Interstellar, shows us that the movie’s jaw-dropping events and stunning, never-before-attempted visuals are grounded in real science. Thorne shares his experiences working as the science adviser on the film and then moves on to the science itself. In chapters on wormholes, black holes, interstellar travel, and much more, Thorne’s scientific insights—many of them triggered during the actual scripting and shooting of Interstellar—describe the physical laws that govern our universe and the truly astounding phenomena that those laws make possible. Interstellar and all related characters and elements are trademarks of and © Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. (s14).
Gravity S Century
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Author : Ron Cowen
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2019-05-06
Gravity S Century written by Ron Cowen and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-06 with Science categories.
“This gracefully written history of twentieth-century gravity research” brings to life the discoveries and developments that confirmed the theory of relativity (Publishers Weekly, starred review). Albert Einstein did nothing of note on May 29, 1919, yet that is when he became immortal. On that day, astronomer Arthur Eddington and his team observed a solar eclipse and found something extraordinary: gravity bends light, just as Einstein predicted. The finding confirmed the theory of general relativity, fundamentally changing our understanding of space and time. A century later, the Event Horizon Telescope examined the space surrounding Sagittarius A*, the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, to determine whether Einstein was right on the details. In Gravity’s Century, award-winning science writer Ron Cowen brings to life the incredible scientific journey between these two events and sheds light on their groundbreaking implications. From the development of radio telescopes to the discovery of black holes and quasars, and the still-unresolved place of gravity in quantum theory, Cowen breaks down the physics in clear and approachable language. Gravity’s Century vividly demonstrates how the quest to understand gravity is really the quest to comprehend the universe./
Gravitys Century
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Author : Ron Cowen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Gravitys Century written by Ron Cowen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with SCIENCE categories.
An account of the century of experimentation that confirmed Einstein's theory of relativity, bringing to life the science and scientists at the origins of relativity, the development of radio telescopes, the discovery of black holes and quasars, and the still unresolved place of gravity in quantum theory. Albert Einstein did nothing of note on May 29, 1919, yet that is when he became immortal. On that day, astronomer Arthur Eddington and his team observed a solar eclipse and found something extraordinary: gravity bends light, just as Einstein predicted. The findings confirmed the theory of general relativity, fundamentally changing our understanding of space and time. A century later, another group of astronomers is performing a similar experiment on a much larger scale. The Event Horizon Telescope, a globe-spanning array of radio dishes, is examining space surrounding Sagittarius A*, the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way. As Ron Cowen recounts, one foremost goal of the experiment is to determine whether Einstein was right on the details. Gravity lies at the heart of what we don't know about quantum mechanics, but tantalizing possibilities for deeper insight are offered by black holes. By observing starlight wrapping around Sagittarius A*, the telescope will not only provide the first direct view of an event horizon--a black hole's point of no return--but will also enable scientists to test Einstein's theory under the most extreme conditions. Gravity's Century shows how we got from the pivotal observations of the 1919 eclipse to the Event Horizon Telescope, and what is at stake today. Breaking down the physics in clear and approachable language, Cowen makes vivid how the quest to understand gravity is really the quest to comprehend the universe.--
Reality Is Not What It Seems
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Author : Carlo Rovelli
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Reality Is Not What It Seems written by Carlo Rovelli and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Downloadable audiobooks categories.
"The man who makes physics sexy ... the scientist they're calling the next Stephen Hawking."--The Times MagazineFrom the New York Times-bestselling author of Seven Brief Lessons on Physics, a closer look at the mind-bending nature of the universe. What are the elementary ingredients of the world? Do time and space exist? And what exactly is reality? Theoretical physicist Carlo Rovelli has spent his life exploring these questions. He tells us how our understanding of reality has changed over the centuries and how physicists think about the structure of the universe today. In elegant and accessible prose, Rovelli takes us on a wondrous journey from Democritus to Albert Einstein, from Michael Faraday to gravitational waves, and from classical physics to his own work in quantum gravity. As he shows us how the idea of reality has evolved over time, Rovelli offers deeper explanations of the theories he introduced so concisely in Seven Brief Lessons on Physics. This book culminates in a lucid overview of quantum gravity, the field of research that explores the quantum nature of space and time, seeking to unify quantum mechanics and general relativity. Rovelli invites us to imagine a marvelous world where space breaks up into tiny grains, time disappears at the smallest scales, and black holes are waiting to explode--a vast universe still largely undiscovered