Who Suffers From Indoor Air Pollution Evidence From Bangladesh
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Who Suffers From Indoor Air Pollution
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2004
Who Suffers From Indoor Air Pollution written by and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Indoor air pollution categories.
Abstract: "In this paper the authors investigate individuals' exposure to indoor air pollution. Using new survey data from Bangladesh, they analyze exposure at two levels--differences within households attributable to family roles, and differences across households attributable to income and education. Within households, they relate individuals' exposure to pollution in different locations during their daily round of activity. The authors find high levels of exposure for children and adolescents of both sexes, with particularly serious exposure for children under 5. Among prime-age adults, they find that men have half the exposure of women (whose exposure is similar to that of children and adolescents). They also find that elderly men have significantly lower exposure than elderly women. Across households, they draw on results from their previous paper (Dasgupta and others, 2004), which relate pollution variation across households to choices of cooking fuel, cooking locations, construction materials, and ventilation practices. They find that these choices are significantly affected by family income and adult education levels (particularly for women). Overall, the authors find that the poorest, least-educated households have twice the pollution levels of relatively high-income households with highly-educated adults. For children in a typical household, pollution exposure can be halved by adopting two simple measures--increasing their outdoor time from 3 to 5 or 6 hours a day, and concentrating outdoor time during peak cooking periods. The authors recognize that weather and other factors may intervene occasionally, and that child supervision outdoors may be difficult for some households. However, the potential benefits are so great that neighbors might well agree to pool outdoor supervision once they became aware of the implications for their children's health. This paper--a product of the Infrastructure and Environment Team, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to study environmental health issues in developing countries"--World Bank web site.
Who Suffers From Indoor Air Pollution Evidence From Bangladesh
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Author : Mainul Huq
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Who Suffers From Indoor Air Pollution Evidence From Bangladesh written by Mainul Huq and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
In this paper the authors investigate individuals' exposure to indoor air pollution. Using new survey data from Bangladesh, they analyze exposure at two levels - differences within households attributable to family roles, and differences across households attributable to income and education. Within households, they relate individuals' exposure to pollution in different locations during their daily round of activity. The authors find high levels of exposure for children and adolescents of both sexes, with particularly serious exposure for children under 5. Among prime-age adults, they find that men have half the exposure of women (whose exposure is similar to that of children and adolescents). They also find that elderly men have significantly lower exposure than elderly women. Across households, they draw on results from their previous paper (Dasgupta and others, 2004), which relate pollution variation across households to choices of cooking fuel, cooking locations, construction materials, and ventilation practices. They find that these choices are significantly affected by family income and adult education levels (particularly for women). Overall, the authors find that the poorest, least-educated households have twice the pollution levels of relatively high-income households with highly-educated adults.For children in a typical household, pollution exposure can be halved by adopting two simple measures - increasing their outdoor time from 3 to 5 or 6 hours a day, and concentrating outdoor time during peak cooking periods. The authors recognize that weather and other factors may intervene occasionally, and that child supervision outdoors may be difficult for some households. However, the potential benefits are so great that neighbors might well agree to pool outdoor supervision once they became aware of the implications for their children's health.This paper - a product of the Infrastructure and Environment Team, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study environmental health issues in developing countries.
Who Suffers From Indoor Air Pollution Evidence From Bangladesh
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Author : Susmita Dasgupta
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Who Suffers From Indoor Air Pollution Evidence From Bangladesh written by Susmita Dasgupta and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
In this paper the authors investigate individuals' exposure to indoor air pollution. Using new survey data from Bangladesh, they analyze exposure at two levels-differences within households attributable to family roles, and differences across households attributable to income and education. Within households, they relate individuals' exposure to pollution in different locations during their daily round of activity. The authors find high levels of exposure for children and adolescents of both sexes, with particularly serious exposure for children under 5. Among prime-age adults, they find that men have half the exposure of women (whose exposure is similar to that of children and adolescents). They also find that elderly men have significantly lower exposure than elderly women. Across households, they draw on results from their previous paper (Dasgupta et al, 2004), which relate pollution variation across households to choices of cooking fuel, cooking locations, construction materials, and ventilation practices. They find that these choices are significantly affected by family income and adult education levels (particularly for women). Overall, the authors find that the poorest, least-educated households have twice the pollution levels of relatively high-income households with highly-educated adults. For children in a typical household, pollution exposure can be halved by adopting two simple measures-increasing their outdoor time from 3 to 5 or 6 hours a day, and concentrating outdoor time during peak cooking periods. The authors recognize that weather and other factors may intervene occasionally, and that child supervision outdoors may be difficult for some households. However, the potential benefits are so great that neighbors might well agree to pool outdoor supervision once they became aware of the implications for their children's health.
Indoor Air Quality For Poor Families
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2004
Indoor Air Quality For Poor Families written by and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Indoor air pollution categories.
"Indoor air pollution (IAP) from cooking and heating is estimated to kill a million children annually in developing countries. To promote a better understanding of IAP, the authors investigate the determinants of IAP in Bangladesh using the latest air monitoring technology and a national household survey. The study concludes that IAP is dangerously high for many poor families in Bangladesh. Concentrations of respirable airborne particulates(PM10) 300 ug/m3 or greater are common in the sample, implying widespread exposure to a serious health hazard.
Indoor Air Quality For Poor Families
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Author : Mainul Huq
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Indoor Air Quality For Poor Families written by Mainul Huq and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Indoor air pollution (IAP) from cooking and heating is estimated to kill a million children annually in developing countries. To promote a better understanding of IAP, the authors investigate the determinants of IAP in Bangladesh using the latest air monitoring technology and a national household survey. The study concludes that IAP is dangerously high for many poor families in Bangladesh. Concentrations of respirable airborne particulates(PM10) 300 ug/m3 or greater are common in the sample, implying widespread exposure to a serious health hazard.Poor households in Bangladesh depend heavily on wood, dung, and other biomass fuels. The econometric results indicate that fuel choice significantly affects indoor pollution levels: Natural gas and kerosene are significantly cleaner than biomass fuels. However, household-specific factors apparently matter more than fuel choice in determining PM10 concentrations. In some biomass-burning households, concentrations are scarcely higher than in households that use natural gas. The results suggest that cross-household variation is strongly affected by structural arrangements - cooking locations, construction materials, and ventilation practices.The authors' analysis also suggests that poor families may not have to wait for clean fuels or clean stoves to enjoy significantly cleaner air. Within their sample household population, some arrangements are already producing relatively clean conditions, even when quot;dirtyquot; biomass fuels are used. Since these arrangements are already within the means of poor families, the scope for cost-effective improvements may be larger than is commonly believed.This paper - a product of the Infrastructure and Environment Team, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to identify appropriate policies for the improvement of environmental quality.
Indoor Air Quality For Poor Families
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Author : Susmita Dasgupta
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Indoor Air Quality For Poor Families written by Susmita Dasgupta and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Indoor air pollution (IAP) from cooking and heating is estimated to kill a million children annually in developing countries. To promote a better understanding of IAP, the authors investigate the determinants of IAP in Bangladesh using the latest air monitoring technology and a national household survey. The study concludes that IAP is dangerously high for many poor families in Bangladesh.
Breathing Heavy
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Author : The World Bank
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2023-01-31
Breathing Heavy written by The World Bank and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-01-31 with categories.
Using data on health conditions and exposure to air pollution at the individual level from Bangladesh, this book establishes a positive association between air pollution and health risks, including mental health issues and recommends policy options for better adaptation.
Household Air Quality And Acute Respiratory Infection In Bangladesh
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Author : Anne M. Weaver
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Household Air Quality And Acute Respiratory Infection In Bangladesh written by Anne M. Weaver and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Acute respiratory infections, including pneumonia and influenza-like illness, are the leading cause of death in children under five years old worldwide and in Bangladesh. Acute respiratory infections disproportionately affect poor children, to whom pharmaceutical-based interventions may be unavailable. Indoor air pollution is a major, potentially modifiable, poverty-related risk factor for acute respiratory infections. In this dissertation, I explored household-level risk factors for influenza-like illness, as well as two potential determinants indoor air pollution exposure, neighborhood biomass cookstove use in a densely-populated area, as well as household ventilation. I first examined household-level risk factors for secondary influenza-like illness among household contacts of individuals with influenza-like illness in rural Bangladesh. Shared latrine use and smoking in the home, an indicator of indoor air pollution exposure, were associated with increased risk of secondary influenza-like illness. The association between shared sanitation and influenza-like illness had not previously been reported, so the mechanism of this association is yet to be determined. These results can inform on future recommendations for sanitation standards. The association between smoking in the home and secondary influenza-like illness further informs the literature on adverse health effects of environmental tobacco smoke and lends evidence to the need for tobacco control initiatives in low-income settings. Cookstoves using biomass fuel (wood, dung, charcoal, etc.) are the major source of indoor air pollution around the world. However, high indoor air pollution concentrations have been observed in homes that use cleaner fuel. I examined the effect of biomass-burning stoves on the air quality (measured as fine particulate matter, PM2.5, and carbon monoxide, CO) of neighboring homes that use cleaner fuel in a densely populated urban area of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Air quality of neighboring homes, particularly those sharing a wall with biomass-burning homes, and ambient air pollution are adversely affected by neighborhood biomass cooking. These results highlight the need for clean cooking initiatives to extend to entire communities, not just individual homes. Ventilation has been shown to be associated with acute respiratory infections, either by pathogen clearance or by its potential effects on indoor air quality. We recruited good ventilation (window or door in [greater than or equal to] 3 walls) and poor ventilation (no windows, 1 door) homes in Dhaka, Bangladesh. All participants were asked to increase the amount of time they opened their windows and doors and turned their fans on; poor ventilation households were also offered a new window. Although good ventilation homes had better air quality compared to poor ventilation homes, the installation of a single window did not have a statistically significant effect on air quality. Most participants or their landlords refused window installation; the most common reason cited was increased theft risk. Ventilation behavior had a small effect on air quality. A future study will evaluate the association between ventilation and air quality in more detail.
Indoor Air Quality Assessment For Smart Environments
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Author : J. Saini
language : en
Publisher: IOS Press
Release Date : 2022-05-18
Indoor Air Quality Assessment For Smart Environments written by J. Saini and has been published by IOS Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-18 with Medical categories.
Indoor air quality (IAQ) and indoor air pollution (IAP) are a matter of concern in many countries because they can significantly influence the general health and well-being of those who spend most of their time inside, whether at home or work. Poor IAQ and repeated exposure to dangerous concentrations of pollutants can contribute significantly to the healthcare burden along with increased absenteeism and lost productivity worldwide. This book, Indoor Air Quality Assessment for Smart Environments, explores the problem of IAQ and highlights potential challenges, gaps, and opportunities in the field. As the title suggests, it focuses on assessing IAQ in smart environments using emerging technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), that can further contribute to the development of intelligent building management systems. The book contains 8 chapters, written by various experts in the field and addressing significant elements of IAQ management, including: definition, state-of-the-art and applications; sensing techniques; technological interventions and smart environments; smart monitoring devices; green and smart hospitals; health risks of nano building products; the optimization of household ventilation; and an assessment of smart environments. While providing a useful source of knowledge for researchers, policymakers, public health professionals and government agencies wishing to enhance the air quality in buildings, the book will also serve as a guide to building occupants who wish to take the necessary measures to enhance the built environment with improved ventilation arrangements.
Encyclopedia Of Environmental Health
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Newnes
Release Date : 2008-09-01
Encyclopedia Of Environmental Health written by and has been published by Newnes this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-09-01 with Science categories.
Environmental health has evolved over time into a complex, multidisciplinary field. Many of the key determinants and solutions to environmental health problems lie outside the direct realm of health and are strongly dependent on environmental changes, water and sanitation, industrial development, education, employment, trade, tourism, agriculture, urbanization, energy, housing and national security. Environmental risks, vulnerability and variability manifest themselves in different ways and at different time scales. While there are shared global and transnational problems, each community, country or region faces its own unique environmental health problems, the solution of which depends on circumstances surrounding the resources, customs, institutions, values and environmental vulnerability. This work contains critical reviews and assessments of environmental health practices and research that have worked in places and thus can guide programs and economic development in other countries or regions. The Encyclopedia of Environmental Health, Five Volume Set seeks to conceptualize the subject more clearly, to describe the best available scientific methods that can be used in characterizing and managing environmental health risks, to extend the field of environmental health through new theoretical perspectives and heightened appreciation of social, economic and political contexts, and to encourage a richer analysis in the field through examples of diverse experiences in dealing with the health-environment interface. The Encyclopedia of Environmental Health contains numerous examples of policy options and environmental health practices that have worked and thus can guide programs in other countries or regions It includes a wide range of tools and strategies that can assist communities and countries in assessing environmental health conditions, monitoring progress of intervention implementation and evaluating outcomes Provides a comprehensive overview of existing knowledge in this emerging field Articles contain summaries and assessments of environmental health practices and research, providing a framework for further research Places environmental health in the broader context of environmental change and related ecological, political, economic, social, and cultural issues