Wild Insect Diversity Increases Inter Annual Stability In Global Crop Pollinator Communities
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Wild Insect Diversity Increases Inter Annual Stability In Global Crop Pollinator Communities
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Author : Deepa Senapathi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Wild Insect Diversity Increases Inter Annual Stability In Global Crop Pollinator Communities written by Deepa Senapathi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
Abstract: While an increasing number of studies indicate that the range, diversity and abundance of many wild pollinators has declined, the global area of pollinator-dependent crops has significantly increased over the last few decades. Crop pollination studies to date have mainly focused on either identifying different guilds pollinating various crops, or on factors driving spatial changes and turnover observed in these communities. The mechanisms driving temporal stability for ecosystem functioning and services, however, remain poorly understood. Our study quantifies temporal variability observed in crop pollinators in 21 different crops across multiple years at a global scale. Using data from 43 studies from six continents, we show that (i) higher pollinator diversity confers greater inter-annual stability in pollinator communities, (ii) temporal variation observed in pollinator abundance is primarily driven by the three-most dominant species, and (iii) crops in tropical regions demonstrate higher inter-annual variability in pollinator species richness than crops in temperate regions. We highlight the importance of recognizing wild pollinator diversity in agricultural landscapes to stabilize pollinator persistence across years to protect both biodiversity and crop pollination services. Short-term agricultural management practices aimed at dominant species for stabilizing pollination services need to be considered alongside longer term conservation goals focussed on maintaining and facilitating biodiversity to confer ecological stability
Pollination In A Changing World
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Author : Jamie Stavert
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Pollination In A Changing World written by Jamie Stavert and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Agricultural intensification categories.
Human activities have far-reaching impacts on ecosystems worldwide. Agricultural expansion and intensification is a primary driver of terrestrial biodiversity loss, disrupting important ecosystem functions. Paradoxically, agriculture relies strongly on these same ecosystem functions. Animal-mediated pollination is critical for the functioning of natural and production systems, but is strongly affected by agriculture, largely due to impacts on wild pollinators that require natural habitat. However, although more biodiverse communities often provide greater functional performance and stability, specific effects of agriculture on pollination is poorly understood. In this thesis, I used landscape and small-scale experimental studies to investigate the impacts of agricultural intensification on insect pollinator communities and pollination function. I investigated (1) whether pollinators show response diversity (differential changes in abundance) to agricultural intensification by collecting pollinator species from flowering fields along an agricultural gradient. I also quantified functional redundancy (species with similar functional roles) by measuring pollinator functional traits. I measured (2) changes to pollination services with agricultural intensification by quantifying pollen deposition rates. I then investigated (3) how plant and pollinator numerical evenness affects pollination function, using a mesocosm experiment. I developed (4) a method for measuring pollinator hairiness and investigated its predictive power for pollinator effectiveness. In my landscape study, I found that (1) although there was strong community-wide response diversity to agricultural intensification, functionally redundant pollinator species mostly lacked response diversity. Exotic species enhanced response diversity but did not functionally replace natives. Furthermore, (2) pollination services from native species declined with agricultural intensification, whereas pollination from exotic species increased, which increased overall pollination services. However, agriculture reduced evenness of pollination service delivery from different species. In mesocosms (3) seed production was highest where a few plant and pollinator species dominated interactions, but where interaction frequency was relatively equal. Hairiness (4) strongly predicted pollinator effectiveness, with hairier species depositing more pollen. Thus, agricultural intensification can drastically alter pollinator communities, and their robustness to future anthropogenic disturbances. In high intensity landscapes, exotic species provide compensatory pollination services, but native species declines likely increase vulnerability to future disturbances. As anthropogenic modification of the biosphere continues, progressing our understanding of how these changes impact ecosystems is imperative.
Diversity Importance And Decline Of Pollinating Insects In Present Era
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Author : Amritpal Singh Kaleka
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Diversity Importance And Decline Of Pollinating Insects In Present Era written by Amritpal Singh Kaleka and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Electronic books categories.
Pollination is a multi-million-year-old co-evolutionary process involving flowering plants and pollinators. It is one of the most important mechanisms in preservation and promotion of biodiversity as well as life on Earth. Pollinator diversity is essential for maintaining overall biological diversity in many habitats including agro-ecosystems. Pollinators are responsible for assisting reproduction in over 80% of the world,Äôs flowering plants. In their absence, humans and wildlife would go hungry. Insects are the most efficient pollinators as they play a crucial part in pollination ecology. Pollinators and their habitats have ecological, economic, cultural and social benefits. Pollination efficiency is highly dependent on certain attributes and characteristics of pollinators such as vision, anatomy, food preferences, olfaction, behaviour and learning ability. With the rapid growth of human population, our demand for food has also risen. Our agricultural systems will need to produce more food in a sustainable manner in the future to cope with this. Pollinators play an important role in these ecosystems and will continue to do so in the future. Because pollinators are so important to agriculture, we need to learn more about which crops require specific pollinators and how to best maintain and promote both wild and controlled species. Their diversity needs protection because there are specific relationships between certain crops and pollinators. Pollinator communities are suffering as a result of man-made habitat disruptions, including severe biodiversity loss. This diversity must be protected by combining conservation measures with sustainable farming practices which could increase crop yields while protecting insect pollinator species.
Global Decline Of Insects
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Author : Hamadttu Abdel Farag El-Shafie
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2022-07-20
Global Decline Of Insects written by Hamadttu Abdel Farag El-Shafie and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-07-20 with Science categories.
Insects are a group of animals that contribute significantly to the proper functioning of different ecosystems on the planet. They provide services such as pollinating crops, recycling nutrients and controlling pests. Many scientific publications and reports have studied the current global decline of insects. This decline can severely affect other groups of animals including birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and small mammals that utilize insects as a source of food. This will have a great impact on the trophic cascade and an eventual adverse effect on the overall ecosystem. This book provides insights into the possible reasons behind the decline of insects as well as potential measures that might mitigate this decline. It contains eleven chapters written by different experts. The book is useful for a wide range of readers including entomologists, ecologists, botanists, environmentalists, and amateurs who love collecting and preserving insects.
The Solitary Bees
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Author : Bryan N. Danforth
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2019-08-27
The Solitary Bees written by Bryan N. Danforth and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-08-27 with Science categories.
The most up-to-date and authoritative resource on the biology and evolution of solitary bees While social bees such as honey bees and bumble bees are familiar to most people, they comprise less than 10 percent of all bee species in the world. The vast majority of bees lead solitary lives, surviving without the help of a hive and using their own resources to fend off danger and protect their offspring. This book draws on new research to provide a comprehensive and authoritative overview of solitary bee biology, offering an unparalleled look at these remarkable insects. The Solitary Bees uses a modern phylogenetic framework to shed new light on the life histories and evolution of solitary bees. It explains the foraging behavior of solitary bees, their development, and competitive mating tactics. The book describes how they construct complex nests using an amazing variety of substrates and materials, and how solitary bees have co-opted beneficial mites, nematodes, and fungi to provide safe environments for their brood. It looks at how they have evolved intimate partnerships with flowering plants and examines their associations with predators, parasites, microbes, and other bees. This up-to-date synthesis of solitary bee biology is an essential resource for students and researchers, one that paves the way for future scholarship on the subject. Beautifully illustrated throughout, The Solitary Bees also documents the critical role solitary bees play as crop pollinators, and raises awareness of the dire threats they face, from habitat loss and climate change to pesticides, pathogens, parasites, and invasive species.
Sustainable Use And Conservation Of Invertebrate Pollinators
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Author : Aizen, M.A.
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 2023-06-26
Sustainable Use And Conservation Of Invertebrate Pollinators written by Aizen, M.A. and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-06-26 with Nature categories.
Recognizing the importance of invertebrate pollinators, the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (Commission) at its Seventeenth Regular Session, in 2019, adopted its Work Plan for the Sustainable Use and Conservation of Microorganism and Invertebrate Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture and decided to address pollinators, including honey bees, at its Nineteenth Regular Session. Building on global assessments addressing pollinators published in 2016 and 2019, respectively, by the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) and FAO, this study provides up-to-date information on the status and trends of invertebrate pollinators, maps relevant regional and international initiatives, and identifies gaps and needs.
Insects As Sustainable Food Ingredients
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Author : Aaron T. Dossey
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2016-06-23
Insects As Sustainable Food Ingredients written by Aaron T. Dossey and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-23 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Insects as Sustainable Food Ingredients: Production, Processing and Food Applications describes how insects can be mass produced and incorporated into our food supply at an industrial and cost-effective scale, providing valuable guidance on how to build the insect-based agriculture and the food and biomaterial industry. Editor Aaron Dossey, a pioneer in the processing of insects for human consumption, brings together a team of international experts who effectively summarize the current state-of-the-art, providing helpful recommendations on which readers can build companies, products, and research programs. Researchers, entrepreneurs, farmers, policymakers, and anyone interested in insect mass production and the industrial use of insects will benefit from the content in this comprehensive reference. The book contains all the information a basic practitioner in the field needs, making this a useful resource for those writing a grant, a research or review article, a press article, or news clip, or for those deciding how to enter the world of insect based food ingredients. Details the current state and future direction of insects as a sustainable source of protein, food, feed, medicine, and other useful biomaterials Provides valuable guidance that is useful to anyone interested in utilizing insects as food ingredients Presents insects as an alternative protein/nutrient source that is ideal for food companies, nutritionists, entomologists, food entrepreneurs, and athletes, etc. Summarizes the current state-of-the-art, providing helpful recommendations on building companies, products, and research programs Ideal reference for researchers, entrepreneurs, farmers, policymakers, and anyone interested in insect mass production and the industrial use of insects Outlines the challenges and opportunities within this emerging industry
Pollinators And Pollination
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Author : Jeff Ollerton
language : en
Publisher: Pelagic Publishing Ltd
Release Date : 2021-01-18
Pollinators And Pollination written by Jeff Ollerton and has been published by Pelagic Publishing Ltd this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-01-18 with Science categories.
A unique and personal insight into the ecology and evolution of pollinators, their relationships with flowers, and their conservation in a rapidly changing world. The pollination of flowers by insects, birds and other animals is a fundamentally important ecological function that supports both the natural world and human society. Without pollinators to facilitate the sexual reproduction of plants, the world would be a biologically poorer place in which to live, there would be an impact on food security, and human health would suffer. Written by one of the world’s leading pollination ecologists, this book provides an introduction to what pollinators are, how their interactions with flowers have evolved, and the fundamental ecology of these relationships. It explores the pollination of wild and agricultural plants in a variety of habitats and contexts, including urban, rural and agricultural environments. The author also provides practical advice on how individuals and organisations can study, and support, pollinators. As well as covering the natural history of pollinators and flowers, the author discusses their cultural importance, and the ways in which pollinator conservation has been portrayed from a political perspective. The book draws on field work experiences in South America, Africa, Australia, the Canary Islands and the UK. For over 30 years the author has spent his career researching how plants and pollinators evolve relationships, how these interactions function ecologically, their importance for society, and how we can conserve them in a rapidly changing world. This book offers a unique and personal insight into the science of pollinators and pollination, aimed at anyone who is interested in understanding these fascinating and crucial ecological interactions.
The Natural History Of Hoverflies
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Author : Graham E. Rotheray
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
The Natural History Of Hoverflies written by Graham E. Rotheray and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Natural history categories.
Insect Conservation Biology
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Author : Royal Entomological Society of London. Symposium
language : en
Publisher: CABI
Release Date : 2007-01-01
Insect Conservation Biology written by Royal Entomological Society of London. Symposium and has been published by CABI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-01-01 with Science categories.
These proceedings contain papers on insect conservation biology that are classified under 3 themes: (1) the current status of insect conservation, and major avenues for progress and hindrances (6 papers); (2) insects as model organisms in conservation biology (6 papers); and (3) future directions in insect conservation biology (6 papers).