Will Consolidation Improve Sub National Governments
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Will Consolidation Improve Sub National Governments
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Author : William F. Fox
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2006
Will Consolidation Improve Sub National Governments written by William F. Fox and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Economies of scale categories.
Abstract: "Local government size varies dramatically around the world. In Sudan, Cote d'Ivoire, and the United Kingdom, municipalities average more than 125,000 people. Those in many European countries have less than 10,000 people. Countries often consider consolidation of local governments as a means to lower service delivery costs, improve service quality, enhance accountability, improve equity, or expand participation in government. The authors review a number of theoretical arguments and empirical findings concerning the size of sub-national governments. Countries should not presume that amalgamation will solve problems because benefits and costs are situation specific. Success depends on many factors, including getting incentives right for the various players and managing the transition properly. The effects on costs must be examined in terms of all changes occurring with consolidation, including geographic size. Size economies appear service specific and are most likely to result for infrastructure intensive services such as water and sewerage. Size economies are less likely for services such as education that are provided in numerous small production units near the population. Also, the potential for savings depends on other factors, such as willingness to eliminate redundant workers. Consolidation reduces the potential for local government competition, which appears to enhance service quality but not necessarily overall government size. There is some evidence that citizens are more willing to be involved in larger governments, but trust may fall with government size. Larger governments can improve regional planning by handling problems with a broader geographic perspective and giving the government more influence with national policymakers."--World Bank web site.
Will Consolidation Improve Sub National Governments
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Author : William F. Fox
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Will Consolidation Improve Sub National Governments written by William F. Fox and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Local government size varies dramatically around the world. In Sudan, Cote d'Ivoire, and the United Kingdom, municipalities average more than 125,000 people. Those in many European countries have less than 10,000 people. Countries often consider consolidation of local governments as a means to lower service delivery costs, improve service quality, enhance accountability, improve equity, or expand participation in government. The authors review a number of theoretical arguments and empirical findings concerning the size of sub-national governments. Countries should not presume that amalgamation will solve problems because benefits and costs are situation specific. Success depends on many factors, including getting incentives right for the various players and managing the transition properly. The effects on costs must be examined in terms of all changes occurring with consolidation, including geographic size. Size economies appear service specific and are most likely to result for infrastructure intensive services such as water and sewerage. Size economies are less likely for services such as education that are provided in numerous small production units near the population. Also, the potential for savings depends on other factors, such as willingness to eliminate redundant workers. Consolidation reduces the potential for local government competition, which appears to enhance service quality but not necessarily overall government size. There is some evidence that citizens are more willing to be involved in larger governments, but trust may fall with government size. Larger governments can improve regional planning by handling problems with a broader geographic perspective and giving the government more influence with national policymakers.
Will Consolidation Improve Sub National Governments
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Author : William F. Fox
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Will Consolidation Improve Sub National Governments written by William F. Fox and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Local government size varies dramatically around the world. In Sudan, Cote d'Ivoire, and the United Kingdom, municipalities average more than 125,000 people. Those in many European countries have less than 10,000 people. Countries often consider consolidation of local governments as a means to lower service delivery costs, improve service quality, enhance accountability, improve equity, or expand participation in government. The authors review a number of theoretical arguments and empirical findings concerning the size of sub-national governments. Countries should not presume that amalgamation will solve problems because benefits and costs are situation specific. Success depends on many factors, including getting incentives right for the various players and managing the transition properly. The effects on costs must be examined in terms of all changes occurring with consolidation, including geographic size. Size economies appear service specific and are most likely to result for infrastructure intensive services such as water and sewerage. Size economies are less likely for services such as education that are provided in numerous small production units near the population. Also, the potential for savings depends on other factors, such as willingness to eliminate redundant workers. Consolidation reduces the potential for local government competition, which appears to enhance service quality but not necessarily overall government size. There is some evidence that citizens are more willing to be involved in larger governments, but trust may fall with government size. Larger governments can improve regional planning by handling problems with a broader geographic perspective and giving the government more influence with national policymakers.
Does Government Deficit Crowd Out Private Investment An Empirical Analysis For National And Sub National Governments
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Author : Sangita Misra
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Does Government Deficit Crowd Out Private Investment An Empirical Analysis For National And Sub National Governments written by Sangita Misra and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Expansionary fiscal policy can stimulate or retard growth in an economy depending on whether it crowds in or crowds out private investment. Amidst mixed results in the literature, the present study makes a comprehensive attempt to examine crowding out evidence by exploring the link between Gross Fiscal Deficit (GFD) on the one hand, and real interest rates and private investment, on the other, in a time series framework for the central government and panel framework for 23 state governments. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegration results confirm the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between GFD, adjusted for cycles, and real rate of interest for central government for the period 1980-81 to 2017-18, thus supporting financial crowding out. While support for real crowding out is weak for central government, for the state governments, support has been found for real crowding out, with the strength of the coefficient rising when GFD is financed by gross market borrowings. This reinforces the need for both tiers of government--national and sub-national--to continue efforts towards fiscal consolidation, improving the quality of expenditure and to try financing their deficits less via market borrowings and more through own revenues.
Local Government Consolidation In The United States
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Author : Dagney Gail Faulk
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Local Government Consolidation In The United States written by Dagney Gail Faulk and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Business & Economics categories.
This book addresses two issues related to the structure of local government: the determinants of consolidation and the potential impact of consolidation on local government spending. This is a narrow undertaking and leaves important elements of local government reform for future analysis. The study's primary foci are examining the factors that influence city-county consolidation, considering the impact of city-county consolidation on local government spending, and estimating the potential savings that could result from the scale economies and efficiency gains from consolidating local government units. While other regions of the United States are considered in this study, but the analysis focuses primarily on the Midwest where population declines and changes in the employment base and state policies (such as property tax caps in Indiana) have had dramatic effects on the fiscal viability of local governments. The current economic climate, along with policy changes related to property tax restructuring in many states, has led to substantial reductions in local governments' budgets. As a result, many local governments are in crisis and are considering some level of consolidation. Statistical methods and data on consolidation referendum attempts in the United States since 1970 are used to test whether governments that have consolidated (i.e., voters approved the consolidation referendum) had higher spending prior to their consolidation (as measured by local government employment rates, payrolls, and expenditures) compared to the average local government in the state. The effects of city-county consolidation are explored; using consolidation referendum data, the impact of consolidation on local government employment rates, payrolls, and expenditures is examined. The influence of consolidation on economic development is also investigated with some interesting results. The study also used two methods to estimate the savings from government consolidation and presents aggregate models to examine the potential savings from economies of scale and efficiency improvements. The book also helpfully provides a helpful discussion of the economies of scale and efficiency for several functional areas, including police and fire protection, sewerage, solid waste, public welfare, administration, health, education, and libraries. This book will be an essential resource for political scientists and policy makers interested in American government. Written in a highly accessible manner, it will also be a valuable read for students and general readers.
Financing Metropolitan Governments In Developing Countries
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Author : Roy W. Bahl
language : en
Publisher: Lincoln Inst of Land Policy
Release Date : 2013
Financing Metropolitan Governments In Developing Countries written by Roy W. Bahl and has been published by Lincoln Inst of Land Policy this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Political Science categories.
The economic activity that drives growth in developing countries is heavily concentrated in cities. Catchphrases such as “metropolitan areas are the engines that pull the national economy” turn out to be fairly accurate. But the same advantages of metropolitan areas that draw investment also draw migrants who need jobs and housing, lead to demands for better infrastructure and social services, and result in increased congestion, environmental harm, and social problems. The challenges for metropolitan public finance are to capture a share of the economic growth to adequately finance new and growing expenditures and to organize governance so that services can be delivered in a cost-effective way, giving the local population a voice in fiscal decision making. At the same time, care must be taken to avoid overregulation and overtaxation, which will hamper the now quite mobile economic engine of private investment and entrepreneurial initiative. Metropolitan planning has become a reality in most large urban areas, even though the planning agencies are often ineffective in moving things forward and in linking their plans with the fiscal and financial realities of metropolitan government. A growing number of success stories in metropolitan finance and management, together with accumulated experience and proper efforts and support, could be extended to a broader array of forward-looking programs to address the growing public service needs of metropolitan-area populations. Nevertheless, sweeping metropolitan-area fiscal reforms have been few and far between; the urban policy reform agenda is still a long one; and there is a reasonable prospect that closing the gaps between what we know how to do and what is actually being done will continue to be difficult and slow. This book identifies the most important issues in metropolitan governance and finance in developing countries, describes the practice, explores the gap between practice and what theory suggests should be done, and lays out the reform paths that might be considered. Part of the solution will rest in rethinking expenditure assignments and instruments of finance. The “right” approach also will depend on the flexibility of political leaders to relinquish some control in order to find a better solution to the metropolitan finance problem.
Handbook On Subnational Governments And Governance
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Author : Claudia N. Avellaneda
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2024-03-14
Handbook On Subnational Governments And Governance written by Claudia N. Avellaneda and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-03-14 with Political Science categories.
This comprehensive Handbook analyses the political, financial, administrative, and managerial dimensions of subnational governments. It examines the profound differences between forms of subnational governance across the world, as well as the common challenges faced by governments below the national level.
Inside Countries
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Author : Agustina Giraudy
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2019-06-13
Inside Countries written by Agustina Giraudy and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-13 with Political Science categories.
Offers a groundbreaking analysis of the distinctive substantive, theoretical and methodological contributions of subnational research in the field of comparative politics.
Serbia
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Author : Weltbank
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Serbia written by Weltbank and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Serbia's ability to achieve macroeconomic stabilization and restructure its public finances has been, and will continue to be, impacted by the policy actions of its sub-national governments. For the purposes of this paper, these include the province of Vojvodina and municipal governments. In many countries, the fiscal performance of sub-national governments has created problems for macroeconomic management through the running of deficits, accumulation of arrears, or the incurring of debts which must eventually be covered by the central government. This chapter examines the experience to date and the institutional mechanisms for macroeconomic management at the sub-national level in Serbia. The next section of this chapter reviews the fiscal performance of Serbian sub-national governments, especially in relation to the Republican government's ongoing efforts to restructure the public sector. A key finding is that the composition of public expenditures evolved quite differently at the Republican and sub-national levels, especially during the successful fiscal consolidation of 2003-2005, when control of spending on wages and salaries and on enterprise subsidies at the central level was not matched at the sub-national level. The increase in subsidies to municipal enterprises, combined with the growing arrears of such firms, points to a need to focus on their restructuring and governance. The third section reviews the institutional framework for macroeconomic management in the sub-national governments. Since 2002, a number of important laws have strengthened the framework for regulating the finances and borrowing of sub-national governments. The capacity of the Ministry of Finance to monitor and report on fiscal outcomes has also improved significantly. As a result, over the last several years, sub-national governments have broadly adhered to their spending and debt limits. However, further delays in the restructuring of municipal enterprises, coupled with the likely emergence or growth of new financing sources for sub-national governments (including borrowing and the proceeds from privatization and other asset sales), could create additional spending pressure and lead to larger deficits at the sub-national level. The fourth and final section summarizes the main conclusions of this chapter.
Consolidation Or Fragmentation
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Author : Paweł Swianiewicz
language : en
Publisher: Central European University Press
Release Date : 2002
Consolidation Or Fragmentation written by Paweł Swianiewicz and has been published by Central European University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Political Science categories.
What is the optimal size of a local government unit? 'Consolidation or Fragmentation? The Size of Local governments in Central and Eastern Europe' addresses this policy relevant question in relation to the emerging democracies of the region.