Word Formation Processes In Pidgins And Creoles A Comparison Of Tok Pisin And Papiamentu
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Word Formation Processes In Pidgins And Creoles A Comparison Of Tok Pisin And Papiamentu
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Author : Sarah Antonia Gallegos García
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2019-09-23
Word Formation Processes In Pidgins And Creoles A Comparison Of Tok Pisin And Papiamentu written by Sarah Antonia Gallegos García and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-09-23 with Literary Collections categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2014 in the subject American Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2,0, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (Amerikanistik), course: Proseminar English Linguistics - Pidgins and Creoles, language: English, abstract: Pidgins and Creoles are often considered to have a lower status than “real” languages. But they do have grammar, phonetics and also morphology and therefore should not be marked with a bad connotation. In contrast: they are full developed languages. The theory that “morphology [is] essentially alien to creole languages” is not verified anymore and has to be revised (Seuren, Wekker 1986). It is a fact that Pidgins and Creoles have less morphology and lexicon than their lexifiers, but nevertheless a sufficient lexicon does exist and even with interesting differences between the languages. We can see this on Holm’s statement that “Papiamentu’s historical movement toward Spanish has included its early relexification and lexical expansion as well as later structural borrowing.”, which shows clearly that word-formation processes on lexicon in Papiamentu exist. As well for Tok Pisin it is said that “the lexical influence of local languages on the pidgin was considerable.” (Holm 2000). In this term paper, I will explore the interesting topic of word-formation processes in Tok Pisin and in Papiamentu: what do they have in common, are there any differences, and which reasons can be found for that? From all the existing wordformation processes I will examine borrowing and conversion in detail. All this will be mainly investigated on the works of Sebba, Holm, Mühlhäusler, Plag, Bartens and on the basis of Kouwenberg. To understand the differences and similarities in the word-formation processes better, we have to consider briefly the historical background of the two languages: Tok Pisin is spoken in Papua New Guinea and was colonized and as a consequence thereof influenced in the 19th century by the English, the German and the Dutch. Above all the established Samoa plantations in 1860 by the Germans had an enormous influence on the development of this Pidgin, because it was used for communication with the inhabitants. Papiamentu instead is spoken in Netherlands Antilles including Curaçao, Aruba and Bonaire and was colonized by the Spaniards and the Dutch in the 16th and 17th century. Later on came the Sephardic Jews with their trinlingualism as well and influenced this Creole. This caused a lack of a homogenous superstrate in Papiamentu. This inhomogeneity is also underlined by the belonging islands: Papiamentu on Curaçao borrows more from Dutch, whereas Papiamentu on Aruba borrows more from Spanish and English.
Pidgins And Creoles Volume 1 Theory And Structure
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Author : John A. Holm
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1988-05-05
Pidgins And Creoles Volume 1 Theory And Structure written by John A. Holm and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988-05-05 with Foreign Language Study categories.
This first volume of Holm's major survey of pidgins and creoles provides an up-to-date and readable introduction to a field of study that has become established only in the past few decades. Written for both students and general readers with a basic knowledge of linguistics, the book's original perspective will also attract specialists in the field seeking a broad overview of the linguistic relationships among these languages. Creolized, or restructured versions of English, French, Spanish, Dutch, Portugese, and other languages arose during European colonial expansion. These resulted in such creoles as Jamaican, Haitian, Papiamentu, and some one hundred others, as well as such semi-creoles as Afrikaans, non-standard Brazilian Portugese, Papiamentu, and American Black English. Scholars have tended to work on particular language varieties in relative isolation, making comparative research into the genesis, development, and structure of creoles difficult. In writing this book, Holm draws on broad studies of many languages to make clear how far-reaching creoles'similarities are and to challenge current linguistic theories on creoles and pidgins. The emphasis of this volume is largely empirical rather than descriptive. Its core is a comparative study of creoles based on European languages in Africa and the Caribbean that demonstrates the striking similarities among the languages in terms of their lexical semantics, phonology, and syntax. A forthcoming volume provides a socio-historic overview of variety development and text examples, with translations, of the restructured languages.
Papiamentu Word Formation
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Author : Marta Beatriz Dijkhoff
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Papiamentu Word Formation written by Marta Beatriz Dijkhoff and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Creole dialects categories.
For abstract see: Caribbean Abstracts, nr. 5, 1993-1994 (1995); p. 35, nr. 0152.
Pidgins And Creoles
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Author : Jacques Arends
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 1994-12-20
Pidgins And Creoles written by Jacques Arends and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-12-20 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This introduction to the linguistic study of pidgin and creole languages is clearly designed as an introductory course book. It does not demand a high level of previous linguistic knowledge. Part I: General Aspects and Part II: Theories of Genesis constitute the core for presentation and discussion in the classroom, while Part III: Sketches of Individual Languages (such as Eskimo Pidgin, Haitian, Saramaccan, Shaba Swahili, Fa d'Ambu, Papiamentu, Sranan, Berbice Dutch) and Part IV: Grammatical Features (such as TMA particles and auxiliaries, noun phrases, reflexives, serial verbs, fronting) can form the basis for further exploration. A concluding chapter draws together the different strands of argumentation, and the annotated list provides the background information on several hundred pidgins, creoles and mixed languages. Diversity rather than unity is taken to be the central theme, and for the first time in an introduction to pidgins and creoles, the Atlantic creoles receive the attention they deserve. Pidgins are not treated as necessarily an intermediate step on the way to creoles, but as linguistic entities in their own right with their own characteristics. In addition to pidgins, mixed languages are treated in a separate chapter. Research on pidgin and creole languages during the past decade has yielded an abundance of uncovered material and new insights. This introduction, written jointly by the creolists of the University of Amsterdam, could not have been written without recourse to this new material.
Jamaican Creole And Tok Pisin Grammatical Similarities And Differences Between English Based Creole Languages
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Author : Maximilian Bauer
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2015-12-11
Jamaican Creole And Tok Pisin Grammatical Similarities And Differences Between English Based Creole Languages written by Maximilian Bauer and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-12-11 with Literary Collections categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2011 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,7, University of Würzburg (Neuphilologisches Institut), course: Dialects of English, language: English, abstract: As Colonization in Europe emerged more and more countries all over the world were seized by Spanish, German, Dutch, Danish and English troops. As there was a problem of communication a new language between the English troops and settlers and the native people came up that is nowadays called a Pidgin language. It was a mixture of the indigenous language and the language of the invaders from Europe. When later the British brought the first slaves from other colonies mostly in Africa they also had a huge impact on this Pidgin language. As the time went by more and more of these colonies declared their independence but most of the influences to the life and the country in the colonies seemed irreversible. A very important impact was the one on the language of the former natives by African slaves and European settlers that inhabited the colonies for a long time. These influences can still be seen in modern times in education, lifestyle and of course the language. The Pidgin languages all over the world – today most of them developed to creoles – are still spoken. They have some distinct features in common but they also show differences concerning grammatical or syntactical features even if the spelling seems to be nearly the same. Therefore in my opinion it is worthwhile taking a closer look to those similarities and differences between Pidgin and Creole languages all over the world and to pick out some appropriate examples that maybe do not share a continent, but instead share linguistic features derived from actions and happenings of a former time whose impacts are still seen today.
The Structure And Status Of Pidgins And Creoles
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Author : Arthur Kean Spears
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 1997-01-01
The Structure And Status Of Pidgins And Creoles written by Arthur Kean Spears and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-01-01 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Destined to become a landmark work, this book is devoted principally to a reassessment of the content, categories, boundaries, and basic assumptions of pidgin and creole studies. It includes revised and elaborated papers from meetings of the Society for Pidgin and Creole Linguistics in addition to commissioned papers from leading scholars in the field. As a group, the papers undertake this reassessment through a reevaluation of pidgin/creole terminology and contact language typology (Section One); a requestioning of process and evolution in pidginization, creolization, and other language contact phenomena (Section Two); a reinterpretation of the sources and genesis of grammatical aspects of Saramaccan and Atlantic creoles in general (Section Three); a reconsideration of the status of languages defying received definitions of pidgins and creoles (Section Four); and analyses of aspects of grammar that shed light on the issue of what a possible creole grammar is (Section Five).
Pidgins Creoles And Mixed Languages
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Author : Viveka Velupillai
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Release Date : 2015-04-15
Pidgins Creoles And Mixed Languages written by Viveka Velupillai and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-04-15 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This lucid and theory-neutral introduction to the study of pidgins, creoles and mixed languages covers both theoretical and empirical issues pertinent to the field of contact linguistics. Part I presents the theoretical background, with chapters devoted to the definition of terms, the sociohistorical settings, theories on the genesis of pidgins and creoles, as well as discussions on language variation and the sociology of language. Part II empirically tests assumptions made about the linguistic characteristics of pidgins and creoles by systematically comparing them with other natural languages in all linguistic domains. This is the first introduction that consistently applies the findings of the Atlas of Pidgin and Creole Language Structures and systematically includes extended pidgins and mixed languages in the discussion of each linguistic feature. The book is designed for students of courses with a focus on pidgins, creoles and mixed languages, as well as typologically oriented courses on contact linguistics.
Language Change And Language Contact In Pidgins And Creoles
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Author : John McWhorter
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 2000-05-15
Language Change And Language Contact In Pidgins And Creoles written by John McWhorter and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-05-15 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book collects a selection of fifteen papers presented at three meetings of the Society for Pidgin and Creole Linguistics in 1996 and 1997. The focus is on papers which approach issues in creole studies with novel perspectives, address understudied pidgin and creole varieties, or compellingly argue for controversial positions. The papers demonstrate how pidgins and creoles shed light on issues such as verb movement, contact-induced language change and its gradations, discourse management via tense-aspect particles, language genesis, substratal transfer, and Universal Grammar, and cover a wide range of contact languages, ranging from English- and French-based creoles through Portuguese creoles of Africa and Asia, Sango, Popular Brazilian Portuguese, West African Pidgin Englishes, and Hawaiian Creole English.
Nigerian Pidgin Vs Tok Pisin A Comparison Of The Grammar
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Author : Julia Burg
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2007-01-30
Nigerian Pidgin Vs Tok Pisin A Comparison Of The Grammar written by Julia Burg and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-01-30 with Literary Collections categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2,3, University of Freiburg (Englisches Seminar), course: Pidgins and Creoles, language: English, abstract: 1. Introduction Nigeria and Papua New Guinea are two of many countries which have adopted English as their main language. But having so many other, substrate languages influencing the development of a English-speaking country, two major pidgin languages developed: Nigerian Pidgin and Tok Pisin. If one wants to compare these two pidgins with each other, it seems almost inevitable to consider their great geographical distance as well as their historical differences. But my intent in this work is not to elaborate on the status and function and development of the two pidgins but on their differences in grammar. Therefore I’ll mainly focus on the noun phrase and the verb phrase. 2. Morphology 2.1 Plural marking on nouns in Tok Pisin The majority of the English based Creole and Pidgin languages both at the Atlantic coast and the South Sea waive marking plurality on nouns or rather use it very optionally. Thus, the same applies to Nigerian Pidgin and Tok Pisin. But if there occurs the need to make a clear distinction between singular and plural both pidgins absolutely dispose of a pluralizer. In Tok Pisin the most common way to express plurality is by the use of the particle ol, which at the same time is identical to the third person plural pronoun. Ol, clearly derived from the English ‘all’, occurs before the noun as opposed to the post-nominal English plural marking suffix -s. (1) Mi lukim dok. (2) Mi lukim ol dok. I saw the dog. I saw the dogs. (Siegel) But according to Geoff P. Smith (2002), “ there is a great deal of variability, and the presence or absence of ol is still somewhat unpredictable” (p 66). This can clearly be seen in the following example, in which only one noun takes the pre-nominal ol although both have plural meaning. (3) Em i stap nau ma(ma) bl’ em wokim spia nau em i kam nau ma bl’ em wokim ol bet. He stayed, his mother made arrows, he came and his mother made beds. (Smith 2002: 66) Although the particle ol is the dominant plural marker, the pluralizing suffix -s “has also become a feature of urban Tok Pisin” (Romaine 1992:219). In order to explain the use of the plural -s, Smith adopts from Romaine “that animacy does have some influence, with a larger proportion of human than animates using the suffix, and that count nouns take -s considerably more often than mass nouns” (p 71). It is also very often found that the plural is doubly marked...
The Survey Of Pidgin And Creole Languages
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Author : Susanne Maria Michaelis
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2013
The Survey Of Pidgin And Creole Languages written by Susanne Maria Michaelis and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Foreign Language Study categories.
The most authoritative guide ever published to the world's pidgin and creole languages. The 3-volume Survey describes their histories and linguistic characteristics. The Atlas of Pidgins and Creoles, published at the same time, shows how 130 linguistic features are distributed among the world's languages.
