Working Off Of Welfare
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Working Off Of Welfare
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Author : David T. Ellwood
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1986
Working Off Of Welfare written by David T. Ellwood and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with Federal aid to child welfare categories.
Making Ends Meet
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Author : Kathryn Edin
language : en
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
Release Date : 1997-04-17
Making Ends Meet written by Kathryn Edin and has been published by Russell Sage Foundation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-04-17 with Social Science categories.
Welfare mothers are popularly viewed as passively dependent on their checks and averse to work. Reformers across the political spectrum advocate moving these women off the welfare rolls and into the labor force as the solution to their problems. Making Ends Meet offers dramatic evidence toward a different conclusion: In the present labor market, unskilled single mothers who hold jobs are frequently worse off than those on welfare, and neither welfare nor low-wage employment alone will support a family at subsistence levels. Kathryn Edin and Laura Lein interviewed nearly four hundred welfare and low-income single mothers from cities in Massachusetts, Texas, Illinois, and South Carolina over a six year period. They learned the reality of these mothers' struggles to provide for their families: where their money comes from, what they spend it on, how they cope with their children's needs, and what hardships they suffer. Edin and Lein's careful budgetary analyses reveal that even a full range of welfare benefits—AFDC payments, food stamps, Medicaid, and housing subsidies—typically meet only three-fifths of a family's needs, and that funds for adequate food, clothing and other necessities are often lacking. Leaving welfare for work offers little hope for improvement, and in many cases threatens even greater hardship. Jobs for unskilled and semi-skilled women provide meager salaries, irregular or uncertain hours, frequent layoffs, and no promise of advancement. Mothers who work not only assume extra child care, medical, and transportation expenses but are also deprived of many of the housing and educational subsidies available to those on welfare. Regardless of whether they are on welfare or employed, virtually all these single mothers need to supplement their income with menial, off-the-books work and intermittent contributions from family, live-in boyfriends, their children's fathers, and local charities. In doing so, they pay a heavy price. Welfare mothers must work covertly to avoid losing benefits, while working mothers are forced to sacrifice even more time with their children. Making Ends Meet demonstrates compellingly why the choice between welfare and work is more complex and risky than is commonly recognized by politicians, the media, or the public. Almost all the welfare-reliant women interviewed by Edin and Lein made repeated efforts to leave welfare for work, only to be forced to return when they lost their jobs, a child became ill, or they could not cover their bills with their wages. Mothers who managed more stable employment usually benefited from a variety of mitigating circumstances such as having a relative willing to watch their children for free, regular child support payments, or very low housing, medical, or commuting costs. With first hand accounts and detailed financial data, Making Ends Meet tells the real story of the challenges, hardships, and survival strategies of America's poorest families. If this country's efforts to improve the self-sufficiency of female-headed families is to succeed, reformers will need to move beyond the myths of welfare dependency and deal with the hard realities of an unrewarding American labor market, the lack of affordable health insurance and child care for single mothers who work, and the true cost of subsistence living. Making Ends Meet is a realistic look at a world that so many would change and so few understand.
How Our Welfare System Can Discourage Work
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Author : Committee on Ways and Means Subcommittee
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2016-11-01
How Our Welfare System Can Discourage Work written by Committee on Ways and Means Subcommittee and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-11-01 with categories.
Low-income families often receive benefits from multiple welfare programs, such as assistance with food, housing, and day care costs, help with medical costs, or cash payments to supplement or replace earnings from work. While these programs nominally support and encourage employment, program "phase-out rules" - especially when combined across multiple programs - mean certain households may not be significantly better off if they work or increase their earnings from work. Economists have studied the interaction between earnings and benefits under various programs by focusing on what are called "effective marginal tax rates," which refers to the portion of an additional dollar of earnings effectively lost due to rising taxes and benefit reductions. Due to effective marginal tax rates that can approach or even exceed 100 percent when individuals receive benefits from multiple programs, it is possible that some individuals can be little better off financially-and in some cases even worse off-if their earnings increase.
The Transition From Welfare To Work
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Author : Sharon Telleen
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2002
The Transition From Welfare To Work written by Sharon Telleen and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Medical categories.
How well do you understand the sweeping welfare reforms of the mid-1990s? The Transition from Welfare to Work: Processes, Challenges, and Outcomes provides a comprehensive examination of the welfare-to-work initiatives that were undertaken just prior to and following the major reform of United States welfare legislation in 1996. It will familiarize you with the intent of those reforms and show you how those interventions have been implemented. It also explores the barriers to employment that must be overcome by welfare-to-work clients, and the impact of these changes on clients, employers, and society. From the editors: "Although the numbers enrolled in welfare programs dropped dramatically in the last few years of the economic expansion of the 1990s, until recently we have known very little about the conditions of families affected by welfare-to-work policies. How did welfare-to-work interventions change the lives of participants and their families? What factors helped or hindered the transition to paid work? Are welfare-to-work policies likely to have actually improved the earnings or income of former AFDC recipients? This book studies all these questions." The Transition from Welfare to Work: Processes, Challenges, and Outcomes presents qualitative, quantitative, and econometric analyses as well as panel studies, longitudinal, and quasi-experimental designs. Beginning with a brief description of the goals and structure of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, this book examines all of the phases of the welfare-to-work process. Use it to increase your understanding of: the implementation of interventions designed to place TANF recipients in jobs the factors that impact the readiness of low-income women to enter the job market the outcomes of current and earlier welfare-to-work interventions the steps we need to take to know how these citizens are faring in the welfare-to-work environment and more!
Getting Off The Welfare
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1985
Getting Off The Welfare written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with categories.
Five Years After
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Author : Daniel Friedlander
language : en
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
Release Date : 1995-02-03
Five Years After written by Daniel Friedlander and has been published by Russell Sage Foundation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-02-03 with Social Science categories.
Friedlander and Burtless teach us why welfare reform will not be easy. Their sobering assessment of job training programs willenlighten a debate too often dominated by wishful thinking and political rhetoric. Look for their findings to be cited for many years to come. —Douglas Besharov, American Enterprise Institute A methodologically astute study that sheds considerable light on the potential for and limits to raising the employment and earnings of welfare recipients and provides benchmarks against which the impacts of later programs can be compared. —Journal of Economic Literature With welfare reforms tested in almost every state and plans for a comprehensive federal overall on the horizon, it is increasingly important for Americans to understand how policy changes are likely to affect the lives of welfare recipients. Five Years After tells the story of what happened to the welfare recipients who participated in the influential welfare-to-work experiments conducted by several states in the mid-1980s.The authors review the distinctive goals and procedures of evaluations performed in Arkansas, Baltimore, San Diego, and Virginia, and then examine five years of follow-up data to determine whether the initial positive impact on employment, earnings, and welfare costs held up over time. The results were surprisingly consistent. Low-cost programs that saved money by getting individuals into jobs quickly did little to reduce poverty in the long run. Only higher-cost educational programs enabled welfare recipients to hold down jobs successfully and stay off welfare. Five Years After ends speculation about the viability of the first generation of employment programs for welfare recipients, delineates the hard choices that must be made among competing approaches, and provides a well-documented foundation for building more comprehensive programs for the next generation. A sobering tale for welfare reformers of all political persuasions, this book poses a serious challenge to anyone who promises to end welfare dependency by cutting welfare budgets.
Welfare Work And Well Being
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Author : Mary Clare Lennon
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2001-09-06
Welfare Work And Well Being written by Mary Clare Lennon and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-09-06 with Medical categories.
Explore the ways that work, welfare, and material hardship affect the mental health of low-income women! Welfare, Work, and Well-Being reflects a growing interest among the research, policy and media communities in the connections between the psychological and economic well-being of poor women and their families. The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act (PRWORA) of 1996, and the sharp declines in welfare caseloads that began even prior to the legislation, have changed the lives of poor women and children in critical ways. The social scientists in this volume investigate the associations among welfare, work, social roles, child well-being, material hardship, and women's mental health. Through careful and pointed analysis, the authors illustrate the important implications and challenges for future programs and policies. Demonstrating some of the most significant and up-to-date research, Welfare, Work, and Well-Being is a must for anyone who is interested in the impact of welfare reform on the lives of low-income women and children. Welfare, Work, and Well-Being addresses: symptoms of depression among women on welfare the ways that receiving welfare during her child rearing years can later affect a mother's physical and psychological health the well-being of 425 “able-bodied” women and men who lost cash assistance benefits when Michigan's General Assistance program ended the symptoms of depression and hopelessness in single mothers on and off welfare the importance of considering the issues of health and domestic violence for women transitioning from welfare to work financial strain, maternal depressive affect, and parenting stress among current welfare recipients and former recipients who are employed the relationship between work and depressive symptoms for poor single mothers who have experienced homelessness the relationship between food insufficiency and health in single female welfare recipients With helpful charts, figures, and tables, Welfare, Work, and Well-Being puts up-to-date research (and thoughtful examinations of its implications) where it belongs--in your hands!
Work And Welfare In The New Russia
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Author : Nick Manning
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-05-08
Work And Welfare In The New Russia written by Nick Manning and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-08 with Medical categories.
This title was first published in 2000. The UNDP announced on 29th July 1999 that 'A human crisis of monumental proportions is emerging in the former Soviet Union.' This book reports on the crisis through original and detailed data made possible by the changes that have taken place in Russia in the 1990s. Based on an EU and ODA funded project, it examines in depth the patterns of contemporary unemployment and poverty, the origins of Russian social policies and their aims, implementation and effects up to 2000. The conclusion situates the findings within a discussion of the future of the Russian welfare state and the policy choices, alternatives and consequences emerging in the context of current social conflicts.
Working At The Margins
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Author : Frances Julia Riemer
language : en
Publisher: State University of New York Press
Release Date : 2012-02-01
Working At The Margins written by Frances Julia Riemer and has been published by State University of New York Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-02-01 with Social Science categories.
Working at the Margins describes and analyzes the move, from welfare rolls to paid employment, of adults who were marginalized from the mainstream by race, ethnicity, language, and economic status. Frances Julia Riemer utilizes ethnographic data gathered over two years from four workplaces that employed thirty seven former welfare recipients. She examines how the private sector accommodates these workers and their differences and how the workers themselves negotiate the barriers they experience. The book illustrates how government policies and adult-education initiatives, designed ostensibly to create opportunities, often reify existing inequalities.
The Work Versus Welfare Trade Off
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Author : Michael D. Tanner
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
The Work Versus Welfare Trade Off written by Michael D. Tanner and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with categories.