X Ray Detectors In Astronomy

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X Ray Detectors In Astronomy

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Author : G. W. Fraser
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2009-06-11

X Ray Detectors In Astronomy written by G. W. Fraser and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-06-11 with Science categories.

First published in 1989, this book provides a comprehensive review of the detection techniques that are used in X-ray astronomy. Since the first discovery of a cosmic X-ray source in 1962, there has been rapid growth in X-ray astronomy, which has largely been made possible by enormous advances in the capabilities of photon counting instrumentation. The book describes the first 25 years of astronomical X-ray instrumentation and summarises the areas of current detector research, giving particular emphasis to imaging devices and to non-dispersive devices of high spectral resolution. It is the first book to give such a comprehensive treatment of the subject, and will provide astronomers with a valuable summary of detection techniques.

Development Of High Resolution Imaging Detectors For X Ray Astronomy

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Author : National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa
language : en
Publisher: Independently Published
Release Date : 2018-12-29

Development Of High Resolution Imaging Detectors For X Ray Astronomy written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and has been published by Independently Published this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-29 with Science categories.

This final report summarizes our past activities and discusses the work performed over the period of 1 April 1990 through 1 April 1991 on x-ray optics, soft x-ray (0.1 - 10 KeV) imaging detectors, and hard x-ray (10 - 300 KeV) imaging detectors. If microchannel plates (MCPs) can be used to focus x-rays with a high efficiency and good angular resolution, they will revolutionize the field of x-ray optics. An x-ray image of a point source through an array of square MCP pores compared favorably with our ray tracing model for the MCP. Initial analysis of this image demonstrates the feasibility of MCPs for soft x-rays. Our work continues with optimizing the performance of our soft x-ray MCP imaging detectors. This work involves readout technology that should provide improved MCP readout devices (thin film crossed grid, curved, and resistive sheets), defect removal in MCPs, and photocathode optimization. In the area of hard x-ray detector development we have developed two different techniques for producing a CsI photocathode thickness of 10 to 100 microns, such that it is thick enough to absorb the high energy x-rays and still allow the photoelectrons to escape to the top MCP of a modified soft x-ray imaging detector. The methods involve vacuum depositing a thick film of CsI on a strong back, and producing a converter device that takes the place of the photocathode. Murray, S. S. and Schwartz, D. A. NASA-CR-193653, NAS 1.26:193653 NAG5-605...

X Ray And Gamma Ray Astronomy Detectors

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Author : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2018-07-17

X Ray And Gamma Ray Astronomy Detectors written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-17 with categories.

X-ray and gamma ray astronomy was made possible by the advent of space flight. Discovery and early observations of celestial x-rays and gamma rays, dating back almost 40 years, were first done with high altitude rockets, followed by Earth-orbiting satellites> once it became possible to carry detectors above the Earth's atmosphere, a new view of the universe in the high-energy part of the electromagnetic spectrum evolved. Many of the detector concepts used for x-ray and gamma ray astronomy were derived from radiation measuring instruments used in atomic physics, nuclear physics, and other fields. However, these instruments, when used in x-ray and gamma ray astronomy, have to meet unique and demanding requirements related to their operation in space and the need to detect and measure extremely weak radiation fluxes from celestial x-ray and gamma ray sources. Their design for x-ray and gamma ray astronomy has, therefore, become a rather specialized and rapidly advancing field in which improved sensitivity, higher energy and spatial resolution, wider spectral coverage, and enhanced imaging capabilities are all sought. This text is intended as an introduction to x-ray and gamma ray astronomy instruments. It provides an overview of detector design and technology and is aimed at scientists, engineers, and technical personnel and managers associated with this field. The discussion is limited to basic principles and design concepts and provides examples of applications in past, present, and future space flight missions. Decher, Rudolf and Ramsey, Brian D. and Austin, Robert Unspecified Center...

Characterization And Applications Of Hybrid Cmos Detectors In X Ray Astronomy

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Author : Stephen Bongiorno
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013

Characterization And Applications Of Hybrid Cmos Detectors In X Ray Astronomy written by Stephen Bongiorno and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.

X Ray Photon Processing Detectors

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Author : Conny Hansson
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-11-14

X Ray Photon Processing Detectors written by Conny Hansson and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-11-14 with Technology & Engineering categories.

This book provides readers a good overview of some of most recent advances in the field of hybrid pixelated detectors for X-ray imaging. Coverage includes both technology and applications, with an in-depth review of the research topics conducted at leading research institutions in the world. The conversion of the X-ray signal into an analogue/digital value is discussed, as well as a review of CMOS chips used for X-ray image sensors. Applications of hybrid pixel detectors are discussed, such as medical imaging, high energy physics, space, non-destructive testing and security. Provides coverage of a broad range of topics, from international experts in academia and industry; Includes in-depth analysis of how to optimize X-ray detection and electronics for X-ray detection; Covers both technology and applications in a number of different domains.

Tutorial Guide To X Ray And Gamma Ray Astronomy

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Author : Cosimo Bambi
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-07-30

Tutorial Guide To X Ray And Gamma Ray Astronomy written by Cosimo Bambi and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-30 with Science categories.

This book provides a comprehensive introduction to X-ray and gamma-ray astronomy. The first part discusses the basic theoretical and observational topics related to black hole astrophysics; the optics and the detectors employed in X-ray and gamma-ray astronomy; and past, present, and future X-ray and gamma-ray missions. The second part then describes data reduction and analysis, the statistics used in X-ray and gamma-ray astronomy, and demonstrates how to write a successful proposal and a scientific paper. Data reduction in connection with specific X-ray and gamma-ray missions is covered in the appendices. Presenting the state of the art in X-ray and gamma-ray astronomy, this is both a valuable textbook for students and an important reference resource for researchers in the field.

X Rays Gamma Rays

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Author : United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1977

X Rays Gamma Rays written by United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with Gamma rays categories.

Tutorial Guide To X Ray And Gamma Ray Astronomy

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Author : Cosimo Bambi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020

Tutorial Guide To X Ray And Gamma Ray Astronomy written by Cosimo Bambi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Astronomy categories.

This book provides a comprehensive introduction to X-ray and gamma-ray astronomy. The first part discusses the basic theoretical and observational topics related to black hole astrophysics; the optics and the detectors employed in X-ray and gamma-ray astronomy; and past, present, and future X-ray and gamma-ray missions. The second part then describes data reduction and analysis, the statistics used in X-ray and gamma-ray astronomy, and demonstrates how to write a successful proposal and a scientific paper. Data reduction in connection with specific X-ray and gamma-ray missions is covered in the appendices. Presenting the state of the art in X-ray and gamma-ray astronomy, this is both a valuable textbook for students and an important reference resource for researchers in the field.

Mercuric Iodide X Ray And Gamma Ray Detectors For Astronomy

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001

Mercuric Iodide X Ray And Gamma Ray Detectors For Astronomy written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with categories.

The recent technological developments and availability of mercuric iodide detectors have made their application for astronomy a realistic prospect. Mercuric iodide because of its high resistivity and high density can be used in a variety of astronomy instrumentation where high spectral resolution, low noise levels, stability of performance, resistance to damage by charged particles and overall ruggedness are of critical importance. X-ray detectors with areas of 12 to 100 mm square and 1mm thickness have absorption efficiencies approaching 100% up to 60 keV. The spectral resolution of these detectors ranges from 400 eV to 600 eV at 5.9 keV depending on their area and the electronic noise theshold is less than l%0 keV Gamma ray detectors can be fabricated with dimensions of 25 mm x 25 mm x 3 mm. The spectral resolution of these detectors is less than 4% FWHM at energies of 662 keV Because of the high atomic numbers of the constituent elements of the mercuric iodide the full energy peak efficiency is higher than for any other available solid-state detector that makes measurements up to 10 MeV a possibility The operation of gamma ray detectors has been evaluated over a temperature range of -20 through + 55 degrees Celsius will only a very small shift in full energy peak observed over this temperature range. In combination with Cesium Iodide scintillators mercuric iodide detectors with 25 mm diameter dimensions can be used as photodetectors to replace bulky and fragile photomultiplier tubes. The spectral resolution of these detectors is less than 7% FWHM at 662 keV and the quantum efficiency is larger than 80% over the whole area of the detector. Details of the properties and perfomance of the mercuric iodide detectors will be presented and discussed.

Electronic Imaging In Astronomy

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Author : Ian S. McLean
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-06-25

Electronic Imaging In Astronomy written by Ian S. McLean and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-06-25 with Science categories.

The second edition of Electronic Imaging in Astronomy: Detectors and Instrumentation describes the remarkable developments that have taken place in astronomical detectors and instrumentation in recent years – from the invention of the charge-coupled device (CCD) in 1970 to the current era of very large telescopes, such as the Keck 10-meter telescopes in Hawaii with their laser guide-star adaptive optics which rival the image quality of the Hubble Space Telescope. Authored by one of the world’s foremost experts on the design and development of electronic imaging systems for astronomy, this book has been written on several levels to appeal to a broad readership. Mathematical expositions are designed to encourage a wider audience, especially among the growing community of amateur astronomers with small telescopes with CCD cameras. The book can be used at the college level for an introductory course on modern astronomical detectors and instruments, and as a supplement for a practical or laboratory class.