Xylem Transport Models Optimize Effectiveness Of Systemic Insecticide Applications For Controlling Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Adelges Tsugae
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Xylem Transport Models Optimize Effectiveness Of Systemic Insecticide Applications For Controlling Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Adelges Tsugae
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Author : Chelcy R. Ford
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Xylem Transport Models Optimize Effectiveness Of Systemic Insecticide Applications For Controlling Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Adelges Tsugae written by Chelcy R. Ford and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Eastern hemlock categories.
The hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA, Adelges tsugae Annand) is causing widespread decline and mortality of eastern hemlock trees (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.). Stem injection of insecticide is widely used as a control measure, but its effectiveness depends on individual tree hydraulic characteristics. Recent work has shown that eastern hemlock daily water use is exponentially related to tree diameter, with smaller-diameter trees using significantly less water than largerdiameter trees. In this study we modeled daily water use for 20 eastern hemlock trees across a range of diameters. Based on expected daily water use and, thus, potential xylem transport of insecticide, we applied a dosage estimated to achieve a lethal and uniform xylem sap concentration of imidacloprid to half the trees (xylem transport treatment), and treated the remaining half based on the manufacturerrecommended dosage (MFR treatment), which is a linear function of tree diameter. At 4 and 56 weeks after treatment, we assessed all trees for the presence or absence of new shoot growth and live HWA population density. We found that both treatment dosages significantly reduced live HWA populations; however, 4 weeks after treatment, live HWA population density was 32 percent lower (LSMEANS) on xylem transport treatment trees compared with MFR treatment trees (treatment by time interaction, P = 0.006). Both treatment dosages also significantly increased the proportion of new shoot growth; however, over time xylem transport treatment trees had a significantly greater increase in new shoot production compared with MFR treatment trees. We conclude that dosages based on a xylem transport model not only significantly improved tree health more than the trees receiving the current recommended dosage, but also caused greater reductions in the live HWA population. Improving treatment dosages would reduce treatment cost, nontargeted effects, and would allow land managers to treat a greater number of trees.
Xylem Transport Models Optimize Effectiveness Of Systemic Insecticide Applications For Controlling Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Adelges Tsugae
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Author : Chelcy R. Ford
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Xylem Transport Models Optimize Effectiveness Of Systemic Insecticide Applications For Controlling Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Adelges Tsugae written by Chelcy R. Ford and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Xylem Transport Models Optimize Effectiveness Of Systematic Insecticide Applications For Controlling Hemlock Wooly Adelgid Adelges Tsugae
DOWNLOAD
Author : Chelcy R. Ford
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Xylem Transport Models Optimize Effectiveness Of Systematic Insecticide Applications For Controlling Hemlock Wooly Adelgid Adelges Tsugae written by Chelcy R. Ford and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Eastern Hemlock Forests
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Author : Jeffrey S. Ward
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Eastern Hemlock Forests written by Jeffrey S. Ward and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Eastern hemlock categories.
Forest Pathology And Plant Health
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Author : Matteo Garbelotto
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2018-04-13
Forest Pathology And Plant Health written by Matteo Garbelotto and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-04-13 with Electronic books categories.
This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Forest Pathology and Plant Health" that was published in Forests
Insect Life History Patterns
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Author : R. F. Denno
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Insect Life History Patterns written by R. F. Denno and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
This volume results from a symposium entitled "Species and Ufe History Patterns: Geographic and Habitat Variation", held during the National Meeting of the Entomo logical Society of America in Denver, Colorado, USA in November, 1979. The stimu lus to assemble papers on this theme emerged from continuing discussions with col leagues concerning controversies in ecology and evolutionary biology, namely those associated with plant-herbivore interactions, life history theory, and the equilibrium status of communities. The study organisms used in this series of reports are all either herbivorous insects or those intimately associated with plants. In this volume we stress the variation found in life history traits and address some of the problems inherent in current life history theory. We include as life history traits not only traditional variables such as fecundity, size of young, and age to first and peak reproduction, but also diapause and migration, traits that synchronize reproduction with favorable plant resources. Because life history traits of phytophagous insects are influenced in part by spatial and temporal variation in the quality and availability of their host plants, we also consider the role that dis continuities in plant quality play in reducing insect fitness. Lastly, much of the tra ditional life history theory concerns itself with differences between the evolution of traits or constellations of traits when populations incur primarily density-independent, compared to density-dependent, mortality. Consequently, we address this issue and attempt to shed light on the equilibrium status of several phytophagous insect com munities.
Invasive Species In Forests And Rangelands Of The United States
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Author : Therese M. Poland
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-02-01
Invasive Species In Forests And Rangelands Of The United States written by Therese M. Poland and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-01 with Science categories.
This open access book describes the serious threat of invasive species to native ecosystems. Invasive species have caused and will continue to cause enormous ecological and economic damage with ever increasing world trade. This multi-disciplinary book, written by over 100 national experts, presents the latest research on a wide range of natural science and social science fields that explore the ecology, impacts, and practical tools for management of invasive species. It covers species of all taxonomic groups from insects and pathogens, to plants, vertebrates, and aquatic organisms that impact a diversity of habitats in forests, rangelands and grasslands of the United States. It is well-illustrated, provides summaries of the most important invasive species and issues impacting all regions of the country, and includes a comprehensive primary reference list for each topic. This scientific synthesis provides the cultural, economic, scientific and social context for addressing environmental challenges posed by invasive species and will be a valuable resource for scholars, policy makers, natural resource managers and practitioners.
Southern Forest Science
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Southern Forest Science written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Electronic books categories.
"Southern forests provide innumerable benefits. Forest scientists, managers, owners, and users have in common the desire to improve the condition of these forests and the ecosystems they support. A first step is to understand the contributions science has made and continues to make to the care and management of forests. This book represents a celebration of past accomplishments, summarizes the current state of knowledge, and creates a vision for the future of southern forestry research and management. Chapters are organized into seven sections: "Looking Back," "Productivity," "Forest Health," "Water and Soils," "Socioeconomic," "Biodiversity," and "Climate Change." Each section is preceded by a brief introductory chapter. Authors were encouraged to focus on the most important aspects of their topics; citations are included to guide readers to further information."
Plant Diseases
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Author : Snježana Topolovec-Pintaric
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2020-04-15
Plant Diseases written by Snježana Topolovec-Pintaric and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-15 with Medical categories.
Plant pathogens, the causal agent of infectious plant diseases, influence our lives more than just as an economic impact through yield lost. The study of plant pathogens has given rise to the development of new sciences, new technologies for plant breeding, and the agrochemical industry for pesticide developments. Yet, all our actions and efforts to suppress or eradicate them constantly pressures these various organisms to evolve and adapt for survival. Therefore today, when facing climate changes, accelerated transport of plants and plant products, and world population growth, we have to ask quo vadis phytopathology. Like Alice in Wonderland “If we wish to go anywhere we must run twice as fast as that” so we need to constantly broaden our knowledge. However, today’s literature abounds with knowledge about plant pathogens. Hence, this book intends to present to the reader all the latest material and knowledge about plant pathogens, changes or refinements in plant disease epidemiology, and new approaches and materials used for plant pathogen control. Hopefully, this book will be of interest to those working within the field and looking for an up-to-date introduction. We hope it also interests students and thereby, will influence the future development of phytopathology and our better coexistence with plant pathogens.
Mycorrhizae Sustainable Agriculture And Forestry
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Author : Zaki Anwar Siddiqui
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-07-27
Mycorrhizae Sustainable Agriculture And Forestry written by Zaki Anwar Siddiqui and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-07-27 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Mycorrhizal fungi are microbial engines which improve plant vigor and soil quality. They play a crucial role in plant nutrient uptake, water relations, ecosystem establishment, plant diversity, and the productivity of plants. Scientific research involves multidisciplinary approaches to understand the adaptation of mycorrhizae to the rhizosphere, mechanism of root colonization, effect on plant physiology and growth, biofertilization, plant resistance and biocontrol of plant pathogens. This book discusses and goes into detail on a number of topics: the molecular basis of nutrient exchange between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and host plants; the role of AM fungi in disease protection, alleviation of soil stresses and increasing grain production; interactions of AM fungi and beneficial saprophytic mycoflora in terms of plant growth promotion; the role of AM fungi in the restoration of native ecosystems; indirect contributions of AM fungi and soil aggregation to plant growth and mycorrhizosphere effect of multitrophic interaction; the mechanisms by which mycorrhizas change a disturbed ecosystem into productive land; the importance of reinstallation of mycorrhizal systems in the rhizosphere is emphasized and their impact on landscape regeneration, and in bioremediation of contaminated soils; Ectomycorrhizae (ECM) and their importance in forest ecosystems and associations of ECM in tropical rain forests function to maintain tropical monodominance; in vitro mycorrhization of micro-propagated plants, and visualizing and quantifying endorhizal fungi; the use of mycorrhizae, mainly AM and ECM, for sustainable agriculture and forestry.