A Code For The Government Of Armies In The Field As Authorized By The Laws And Usages Of War On Land
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A Code For The Government Of Armies In The Field As Authorized By The Laws And Usages Of War On Land
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Author : United States. War Department
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1863
A Code For The Government Of Armies In The Field As Authorized By The Laws And Usages Of War On Land written by United States. War Department and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1863 with Electronic books categories.
A Code For The Government Of Armies In The Field As Authorized By The Laws And Usages Of War On Land
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Author : Francis Lieber
language : en
Publisher: Library of Alexandria
Release Date : 2020-09-28
A Code For The Government Of Armies In The Field As Authorized By The Laws And Usages Of War On Land written by Francis Lieber and has been published by Library of Alexandria this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-28 with Electronic books categories.
§ 1. A place, district, or country, invested or occupied by an enemy, stands, in consequence of the occupation, under the Martial Law of the investing or invading army, whether any proclamation declaring Martial Law, or any public warning to the inhabitants, has been issued or not. Martial Law is the immediate and direct effect and consequence of occupation or conquest. The presence of a hostile army proclaims its Martial Law. § 2. Martial Law does not cease during the hostile occupation, except by special proclamation, ordered by the commander in chief; or by special mention in the treaty of peace, concluding the war, when the occupation of a place or territory continues beyond the conclusion of peace, as one of the conditions of the same. § 3. Martial Law in a hostile country, consists in the suspension, by the occupying military authority, of the criminal and civil law, and of the domestic administration and government in the occupied place or territory, and in the substitution of military rule and force, for the same; as well as in the dictation of general laws—as far as military necessity requires this suspension, substitution, and dictation. It is not unusual to proclaim that the administration of all civil and penal law shall continue, as in times of peace, unless specially interfered with by the military authority. § 4. Martial Law, although called law, does not consist in a body of rules of action. There is not even a distinct term for it in other languages. Martial Law in a conquered or invaded country, or place, is temporary Military Absolutism, in the hands of commanders, who, therefore, must take care that it does not degenerate into arbitrary despotism. Martial Law is not the reckless use of military power by the highest or lowest in arms. Military oppression is not Martial Law. § 5. Military Necessity, as understood by modern civilized nations, consists in the necessity of those measures which are indispensable for the obtaining of the ends of the war, and are lawful according to the modern law and usages of war. § 6. Modern times are distinguished from earlier ages, by the existence, at one and the same time, of many nations and great governments, related to one another in close intercourse. They draw abreast like chariot horses. Peace is their normal condition; war is the exception. The ultimate object of all modern war is a renewed state of peace. The more vigorously wars are pursued, the better it is for humanity. Sharp wars are brief. Ever since the formation and co-existence of modern nations, and ever since wars have become great national wars, War has come to be acknowledged not to be its own end, but the means to obtain great ends of state, or to consist in defence against wrong; and no conventional restriction of the modes adopted to injure the enemy is any longer admitted; but the law of war imposes many limitations and restrictions on principles of justice, faith, and honor.
Instructions For The Government Of Armies Of The United States In The Field
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Author : United States. War Department
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1863
Instructions For The Government Of Armies Of The United States In The Field written by United States. War Department and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1863 with Military law categories.
Military Rules Regulations And The Code Of War
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Author : Richard Shelly Hartigan
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-07-05
Military Rules Regulations And The Code Of War written by Richard Shelly Hartigan and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-07-05 with History categories.
Military commanders from ancient time had set down rules and regulations to discipline their troops. From the Pharaohs on, commanders directed the strategy, tactics, and camp discipline of the often unruly hosts of soldiers under their command. They had one aim: to create an efficient fighting force. Military officers, camp-followers and cooks were all expected to perform their services according to mandate and in light of the best interests of the armed force and the fighting soldiery. Modern commanders have exemplified the same passion for military discipline to produce an effective combat machine. Military analyses derived from Roman law contained enough historical examples to fill an encyclopedia. Yet, although addressed to the problems of their day, they generally remained the private counsel of scholars and had little impact on political and military decisions. While theorists of international law were developing a body of rules to govern warfare, practitioners of conflict were largely moved by the motives of military necessity. Under the dual auspices of military necessity and national self-interest, the code of the military commander was simple: maintain a disciplined fighting force in order to achieve military victory. To remedy this gap between theory and practice, a practical guide was needed which would briefly describe for commanders in the field their rights and obligations of belligerents as custom and theory had developed them. Then political and military policy could be expected to conform to the theoretical law of nations. This was the synthesis that the Lieber code proposed. Originally published in as Lieber's Law and the Code of War, this paperback edition bears a new title that more precisely identifies the subjects covered.
1863 Laws Of War
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Author : U.S. War Department
language : en
Publisher: Stackpole Books
Release Date : 2005-06-21
1863 Laws Of War written by U.S. War Department and has been published by Stackpole Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-06-21 with History categories.
• The "rules of warfare" and "government of the army" as they existed in the American Civil War • All 101 Articles of War as amended through June 1863 including the famous Lieber Code (General Orders No. 100), directed by President Lincoln, which expanded the laws of land warfare and General Orders No. 49 on the granting of paroles • Copious extracts from the Revised U.S. Army Regulations through June 1863 This compendium of laws and rules is a testimony to America's reverence for the rule of law as well as its high regard for "civilized" behavior on the battlefield. The Articles of War were normative rules covering military duty and punishments allowed for violations. The Lieber Code was a new and profound law for the conduct of armies in the field, to include humane treatment of prisoners and protection of property and civilians. It had a profound affect on the evolution of the laws of land warfare in use today. Army Regulations, on the other hand, dealt with the administration and management of the army-from personnel assignments to supply and recruiting operations-all three sets of rules were used by both the Union and Confederate armies. An essential reference for students, historians, writers, reenactors, and those interested in how our Civil War armies operated.
Rules Of Land Warfare
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Author : Us Dept of War
language : en
Publisher: Cosimo Reports
Release Date : 2020-12-22
Rules Of Land Warfare written by Us Dept of War and has been published by Cosimo Reports this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-22 with categories.
"Among civilized nations the conduct of war is regulated by certain well-established rules known as the rules or laws of war. These rules cover and regulate warfare both on land and sea. Those which pertain particularly to war on land are called the rules of land warfare. It is the latter with which this manual is concerned." --Article 1, Rules of Land Warfare The current laws of war are based on a number of historical codes that regulated the conditions for war and the conduct of warring parties. One of those codes related to armed land forces of the US was Rules of Land Warfare, which was first released in 1914. This edition was updated in 1940. Some other related publications by Cosimo Reports are: Instructions for the Government of Armies of the United States in the Field--The Lieber Code (1863), The Law and Usages of War at Sea--A Naval War Code (1900), Small Wars Manual (1940), The United States Department of Defense Law of War Manual (2016), and others.
Humanizing The Laws Of War
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Author : Richard Baxter
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2013-08-01
Humanizing The Laws Of War written by Richard Baxter and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08-01 with Law categories.
This book celebrates the scholarship of Richard Baxter, former Judge of the International Court of Justice and former Professor of International Law at Harvard Law School. The volume brings together Professor Baxter's writings on the laws of war, on which he was one of the most influential scholars of the twentieth century. The collection of essays contained in this book once again makes his exceptional writings available to scholars and students in the field. His work remains timely and relevant to today's issues, and offers many analyses which have been borne out in subsequent years. It includes, amongst many wide-ranging topics within the laws of war, Baxter's studies of the Geneva Conventions, human rights in times of war, and the legal problems of international military command. Featuring a new introduction by Professor Detlev Vagts exploring the importance of Baxter's writings, and a Biographical Note by Judge Stephen Schwebel assessing Baxter's life, this book is essential reading for scholars and students of international humanitarian law.
The Air Force Law Review
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
The Air Force Law Review written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Air Force law categories.
Recueil Des Cours Collected Courses 1957
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Author : Academie De Droit International De La Ha
language : en
Publisher: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
Release Date : 1968-12-01
Recueil Des Cours Collected Courses 1957 written by Academie De Droit International De La Ha and has been published by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1968-12-01 with Law categories.
The Academy is a prestigious international institution for the study and teaching of Public and Private International Law and related subjects. The work of the Hague Academy receives the support and recognition of the UN. Its purpose is to encourage a thorough and impartial examination of the problems arising from international relations in the field of law. The courses deal with the theoretical and practical aspects of the subject, including legislation and case law. All courses at the Academy are, in principle, published in the language in which they were delivered in the "Collected Courses of the Hague Academy of International Law .
Secession As An International Phenomenon
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Author : Don H. Doyle
language : en
Publisher: University of Georgia Press
Release Date : 2010-11-01
Secession As An International Phenomenon written by Don H. Doyle and has been published by University of Georgia Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11-01 with Political Science categories.
About half of today's nation-states originated as some kind of breakaway state. The end of the Cold War witnessed a resurgence of separatist activity affecting nearly every part of the globe and stimulated a new generation of scholars to consider separatism and secession. As the 150th anniversary of the American Civil War approaches, this collection of essays allows us to view within a broader international context one of modern history's bloodiest conflicts over secession. The contributors to this volume consider a wide range of topics related to secession, separatism, and the nationalist passions that inflame such conflicts. The first section of the book examines ethical and moral dimensions of secession, while subsequent sections look at the American Civil War, conflicts in the Gulf of Mexico, European separatism, and conflicts in the Middle East, Asia, and Africa. The contributors to this book have no common position advocating or opposing secession in principle or in any particular case. All understand it, however, as a common feature of the modern world and as a historic phenomenon of international scope. Some contributors propose that "political divorce," as secession has come to be called, ought to be subject to rational arbitration and ethical norms, instead of being decided by force. Along with these hopes for the future, Secession as an International Phenomenon offers a somber reminder of the cost the United States paid when reason failed and war was left to resolve the issue.