A Comparison Of Invasive And Non Invasive Techniques For Measuring Fiddler Crab Density In A Salt Marsh
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A Comparison Of Invasive And Non Invasive Techniques For Measuring Fiddler Crab Density In A Salt Marsh
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Author : Charles Robert Hubbard
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
A Comparison Of Invasive And Non Invasive Techniques For Measuring Fiddler Crab Density In A Salt Marsh written by Charles Robert Hubbard and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Electronic dissertations categories.
Author's abstract: Quantifying the density of burrowing crabs is challenging, and several techniques have been developed to accomplish it, including burrow counting, visual surveys of surface-active crabs, and substrate excavation. These techniques have been compared in mangrove forests but not in a salt marsh, nor has anyone attempted to excavate traps repeatedly for multiple days. Previous comparisons have not examined these techniques over the course of several months, nor considered the cost and precision associated with each technique. Therefore, from May of 2007 to April 2008, I conducted burrow, visual, single excavation, and repeated excavation surveys to estimate Uca pugnax density in a salt marsh on Tybee Island, Georgia and estimated the cost and precision associated with each technique. Only single and repeated excavation accurately measured juvenile density, but these methods were more costly and caused temporary habitat damage. Burrow surveys yielded reliable adult density but visual surveys underestimated adult and juvenile density, likely due to the difficulty of spotting small crabs in thick vegetation. This information may be useful to management officials monitoring fiddler crab populations and their predators in salt marsh ecosystems.
Density Shell Use And Species Composition Of Juvenile Fiddler Crabs Uca Spp At Low And High Impact Salt Marshes On Georgia Barrier Islands
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Author : Michelle D. Carlson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Density Shell Use And Species Composition Of Juvenile Fiddler Crabs Uca Spp At Low And High Impact Salt Marshes On Georgia Barrier Islands written by Michelle D. Carlson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Author's abstract: Purpose: Coastal wetlands offer refuge for juveniles of many species, with protection often coming in the form of dense vegetation. Human impacts have led to a 67% loss of coastal wetlands worldwide in the past 300 years, thus decreasing available refuges. There are no studies that show what affect this has on fiddler crabs (Uca spp.), a key species in salt marsh habitats. The present study looks at how human impacts are affecting juvenile fiddler crab densities, shell use, and species compositions. This study was conducted at 3 low and 3 high impact sites on Tybee and Skidaway Island, Georgia. Six collection trips were completed from June to August 2010 to each of the 6 sites. During each trip ten quadrats (1m 2) were placed at each site, and juvenile fiddler crab densities, Littoraria irrorata shell availability, and percent shell use were recorded. In the lab, juvenile fiddler crab carapace width and sex were determined and multiplex PCR was used to identify juvenile fiddler crab species. Juvenile fiddler crab densities were lower at high impact sites, while shell availability and shell use were similar at both low and high impact sites. Juvenile fiddler crab sizes and sex ratios did not differ between low and high impact sites on the substrate, nor did the sex ratios in shells. However low impact sites had significantly larger juvenile fiddler crabs found in shells as compared to high impact sites. Species compositions differed between low and high impact sites on the substrate and in shells, with an increase in Uca pugilator and U. minax at high impact sites. Impacts to salt marshes can cause a decrease in available refuge for juvenile fiddler crabs which could lead to higher mortality rates and an overall decrease in juvenile fiddler crab densities. Fiddler crabs are important in aerating the soil, soil drainage, and decomposition rates. A change in fiddler crab densities and behavior can have an adverse affect to the salt marsh and could lead to the loss of an important ecosystem.
Habitat Preferences Of Gulf Coast Fiddler Crabs And Responses Of Plant And Soil Characteristics To Their Burrowing
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Author : Gwendolyn A. Murphy
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Habitat Preferences Of Gulf Coast Fiddler Crabs And Responses Of Plant And Soil Characteristics To Their Burrowing written by Gwendolyn A. Murphy and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Animal burrowing categories.
Positive rather than negative species interactions dominate in stressful environments like tidal marshes. Fiddler crabs have been shown to ameliorate environmental stress and increase primary productivity through their burrowing behavior. Most notably, bioturbation may facilitate growth of tidal marsh plants by altering soil oxygen concentration, decomposition rates, and soil drainage. In turn, plants provide protection from the elements, refuge from predators and roots provide structural support for burrows in soft substrate. However, dense vegetation may limit the fiddler crab's ability to maneuver on the surface and burrow. Similarly, there may be a threshold where fiddler crab activity becomes destructive to plant growth instead of facilitative. Relatively few fiddler crab and plant interaction studies have been conducted on the Gulf Coast compared to Atlantic Coast. Gulf Coast tidal marshes have distinct climate, dominant vegetation zones and dominant fiddler crab species, and consequently it is likely that community dynamics will differ from Atlantic Coast tidal marshes. To explore interactions between Gulf Coast fiddler crabs and tidal marsh plants, I conducted a seasonal fiddler crab habitat survey and a fiddler crab enclosure study. Both studies were conducted at Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve in Mississippi, across four dominant tidal marsh vegetation zones (salt marsh, brackish marsh, fresh marsh and salt panne). Fiddler crab burrows and associated vegetation were randomly surveyed across the vegetation zones to determine fiddler crab burrow density and habitat preferences. Fiddler crab enclosures were established across the four vegetation zones. Enclosures provided a method to test impacts of fiddler crab burrowing on soil and plant parameters as well as to survey fiddler crab populations. Results of the habitat survey indicated that fiddler crabs utilized all four vegetation zones, but burrow density was statistically higher in the fresh marsh during winter compared to other zones. These results suggest that the fresh marsh may be important habitat for overwintering Gulf Coast fiddler crabs. Additionally, the fresh marsh was found to host higher fiddler crab species diversity and a more balanced sex ratio compared to other zones. The enclosure study established that fiddler crab activity had negligible impacts on plant growth in the salt and fresh marsh yet influenced plant growth in the brackish marsh (positively) and salt panne (negatively). The brackish marsh and salt panne are habitats of intermediate environmental stress for plants and fiddler crabs. Brackish marsh is more frequently inundated than the salt panne and hence bioturbation is likely to be more beneficial in the brackish marsh. Furthermore, brackish marsh below-ground structure is substantial and fiddler crab burrow density was low relative to the salt panne. My work indicates that vegetation abundance and fiddler crab burrow density may balance environmental stresses in tidal marshes and influence nature of fiddler crab and plant interactions.
Density Of Atlantic Marsh Fiddler Crabs Urca Pugnax In Relation To Saltmarsh Cordgrass Spartina Alterniflora F9orm And Density
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Author : Yael B. Weiss
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Density Of Atlantic Marsh Fiddler Crabs Urca Pugnax In Relation To Saltmarsh Cordgrass Spartina Alterniflora F9orm And Density written by Yael B. Weiss and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Fiddler crabs categories.
Concepts And Controversies In Tidal Marsh Ecology
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Author : M.P. Weinstein
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-05-08
Concepts And Controversies In Tidal Marsh Ecology written by M.P. Weinstein and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-05-08 with Science categories.
In 1968 when I forsook horticulture and plant physiology to try, with the help of Sea Grant funds, wetland ecology, it didn’t take long to discover a slim volume published in 1959 by the University of Georgia and edited by R. A. Ragotzkie, L. R. Pomeroy, J. M. Teal, and D. C. Scott, entitled “Proceedings of the Salt Marsh Conference” held in 1958 at the Marine Institute, Sapelo Island, Ga. Now forty years later, the Sapelo Island conference has been the major intellectual impetus, and another Sea Grant Program the major backer, of another symposium, the “International Symposium: Concepts and Controversies in Tidal Marsh Ecology”. This one re-examines the ideas of that first conference, ideas that stimulated four decades of research and led to major legislation in the United States to conserve coastal wetlands. It is dedicated, appropriately, to two then young scientists – Eugene P. Odum and John M. Teal – whose inspiration has been the starting place for a generation of coastal wetland and estuarine research. I do not mean to suggest that wetland research started at Sapelo Island. In 1899 H. C. Cowles described successional processes in Lake Michigan freshwater marsh ponds. There is a large and valuable early literature about northern bogs, most of it from Europe and the former USSR, although Eville Gorham and R. L. Lindeman made significant contributions to the American literature before 1960. V. J.
Salt Marshes
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Author : Duncan M. FitzGerald
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2021-04-22
Salt Marshes written by Duncan M. FitzGerald and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-04-22 with Nature categories.
A multidisciplinary review of salt marshes, describing how they function and respond to external pressures such as sea-level rise.
Nitrogen Cycling In Coastal Marine Environments
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Author : T. Henry Blackburn
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1988-03-21
Nitrogen Cycling In Coastal Marine Environments written by T. Henry Blackburn and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988-03-21 with Science categories.
Nitrogen discharge to the coastal environment has been increasing, posing the threat of accelerated eutrofication. Considerable research has been conducted in recent years to examine the impact of the nitrogen loading in coastal ecosystems. Based on proceedings from a SCOPE symposium held at the University of Aarhus in July of 1985, this volume covers a variety of up-to-date developments in research on nitrogen cycling in coastal marine environments. Topics include the role of nitrogen in algal productivity, regeneration of nutrients in the water column and the sediments, and the flow of nitrogen in coastal ecosystems.
Stable Isotope Ecology
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Author : Brian Fry
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-01-15
Stable Isotope Ecology written by Brian Fry and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-01-15 with Science categories.
A solid introduction to stable isotopes that can also be used as an instructive review for more experienced researchers and professionals. The book approaches the use of isotopes from the perspective of ecological and biological research, but its concepts can be applied within other disciplines. A novel, step-by-step spreadsheet modeling approach is also presented for circulating tracers in any ecological system, including any favorite system an ecologist might dream up while sitting at a computer. The author’s humorous and lighthearted style painlessly imparts the principles of isotope ecology. The online material contains color illustrations, spreadsheet models, technical appendices, and problems and answers.
Living Shorelines
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Author : Donna Marie Bilkovic
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2017-03-03
Living Shorelines written by Donna Marie Bilkovic and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-03 with Science categories.
Living Shorelines: The Science and Management of Nature-based Coastal Protection compiles, synthesizes and interprets the current state of the knowledge on the science and practice of nature-based shoreline protection. This book will serve as a valuable reference to guide scientists, students, managers, planners, regulators, environmental and engineering consultants, and others engaged in the design and implementation of living shorelines. This volume provides a background and history of living shorelines, understandings on management, policy, and project designs, technical synthesis of the science related to living shorelines including insights from new studies, and the identification of research needs, lessons learned, and perspectives on future guidance. Makes recommendations on the correct usage of the term living shorelines Offers guidance for shoreline management in the future Includes lessons learned from the practice of shoreline restoration/conservation Synthesizes regional perspectives to identify strategies for the successful design and implementation of living shorelines Reviews specific design criteria for successful implementation of living shorelines Provides detailed discussions of social, regulatory, scientific and technical considerations to justify and design living shoreline projects International perspectives are presented from leading researchers and managers in the East, West and Gulf coasts of the United States, Europe, Canada, and Australia that are working on natural approaches to shoreline management. The broad geographic scope and interdisciplinary nature of contributing authors will help to facilitate dialogue and transfer knowledge among different disciplines and across different regions. This book provides coastal communities with the scientific foundation and practical guidance necessary to implement effective shoreline management that enhances ecosystem services and coastal resilience now and into the future.
Maritime Traffic Effects On Biodiversity In The Mediterranean Sea
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Author : Ameer Abdulla
language : en
Publisher: IUCN
Release Date : 2008
Maritime Traffic Effects On Biodiversity In The Mediterranean Sea written by Ameer Abdulla and has been published by IUCN this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.