Density Shell Use And Species Composition Of Juvenile Fiddler Crabs Uca Spp At Low And High Impact Salt Marshes On Georgia Barrier Islands
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Density Shell Use And Species Composition Of Juvenile Fiddler Crabs Uca Spp At Low And High Impact Salt Marshes On Georgia Barrier Islands
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Author : Michelle D. Carlson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Density Shell Use And Species Composition Of Juvenile Fiddler Crabs Uca Spp At Low And High Impact Salt Marshes On Georgia Barrier Islands written by Michelle D. Carlson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Author's abstract: Purpose: Coastal wetlands offer refuge for juveniles of many species, with protection often coming in the form of dense vegetation. Human impacts have led to a 67% loss of coastal wetlands worldwide in the past 300 years, thus decreasing available refuges. There are no studies that show what affect this has on fiddler crabs (Uca spp.), a key species in salt marsh habitats. The present study looks at how human impacts are affecting juvenile fiddler crab densities, shell use, and species compositions. This study was conducted at 3 low and 3 high impact sites on Tybee and Skidaway Island, Georgia. Six collection trips were completed from June to August 2010 to each of the 6 sites. During each trip ten quadrats (1m 2) were placed at each site, and juvenile fiddler crab densities, Littoraria irrorata shell availability, and percent shell use were recorded. In the lab, juvenile fiddler crab carapace width and sex were determined and multiplex PCR was used to identify juvenile fiddler crab species. Juvenile fiddler crab densities were lower at high impact sites, while shell availability and shell use were similar at both low and high impact sites. Juvenile fiddler crab sizes and sex ratios did not differ between low and high impact sites on the substrate, nor did the sex ratios in shells. However low impact sites had significantly larger juvenile fiddler crabs found in shells as compared to high impact sites. Species compositions differed between low and high impact sites on the substrate and in shells, with an increase in Uca pugilator and U. minax at high impact sites. Impacts to salt marshes can cause a decrease in available refuge for juvenile fiddler crabs which could lead to higher mortality rates and an overall decrease in juvenile fiddler crab densities. Fiddler crabs are important in aerating the soil, soil drainage, and decomposition rates. A change in fiddler crab densities and behavior can have an adverse affect to the salt marsh and could lead to the loss of an important ecosystem.
A Comparison Of Invasive And Non Invasive Techniques For Measuring Fiddler Crab Density In A Salt Marsh
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Author : Charles Robert Hubbard
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
A Comparison Of Invasive And Non Invasive Techniques For Measuring Fiddler Crab Density In A Salt Marsh written by Charles Robert Hubbard and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Electronic dissertations categories.
Author's abstract: Quantifying the density of burrowing crabs is challenging, and several techniques have been developed to accomplish it, including burrow counting, visual surveys of surface-active crabs, and substrate excavation. These techniques have been compared in mangrove forests but not in a salt marsh, nor has anyone attempted to excavate traps repeatedly for multiple days. Previous comparisons have not examined these techniques over the course of several months, nor considered the cost and precision associated with each technique. Therefore, from May of 2007 to April 2008, I conducted burrow, visual, single excavation, and repeated excavation surveys to estimate Uca pugnax density in a salt marsh on Tybee Island, Georgia and estimated the cost and precision associated with each technique. Only single and repeated excavation accurately measured juvenile density, but these methods were more costly and caused temporary habitat damage. Burrow surveys yielded reliable adult density but visual surveys underestimated adult and juvenile density, likely due to the difficulty of spotting small crabs in thick vegetation. This information may be useful to management officials monitoring fiddler crab populations and their predators in salt marsh ecosystems.
The Development Of Fiddler Crabs Uca Spp As A Comparative Model System For The Parasitic Dinoflagellate Hematodinium Perezi And Its Natural Host The Blue Crab Callinectes Sapidus
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Author : Patricia Anne O'Leary
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
The Development Of Fiddler Crabs Uca Spp As A Comparative Model System For The Parasitic Dinoflagellate Hematodinium Perezi And Its Natural Host The Blue Crab Callinectes Sapidus written by Patricia Anne O'Leary and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Blue crab categories.
Herein, I have completed several experiments which encompass developing fiddler crabs as a model system, as well as sentinel and temperature studies to investigate biotic and abiotic factors in parasite transmission. My studies show which factors prevent, delay, or accelerate transmission and progression of H. perezi. The fiddler crab experiments by chapter are as follows: Chapter 1. I screened adult and juvenile fiddler crab populations for naturally occurring H. perezi infections at endemic and non-endemic sites. No natural infections were found in the adult or juvenile populations (Chapter 1 and 3). I completed inoculation trials with U. minax, U. pugnax, and U. pugilator, demonstrating that the parasite can survive and replicate in these species. Fiddler crabs can live for several months with patent infections. For example, I successfully transferred H. perezi from blue crab to fiddler crab and back to blue crab. Through serial inoculations I was able to serially maintain the parasite in the lab year-round. Building on the above experiments, I completed minimum dose studies which showed that a minimum inoculum of 1,000 parasite cells was required for patent infections. Additionally, I evaluated parasite progression through studies using Uca minax. These studies which used an inoculum in the ameboid trophont and clump colony stages showed that H. perezi progresses through its life-history stages in fiddler crabs as it would in blue crabs, with the filamentous trophont stage first observed in the hemolymphs smears followed by the ameboid trophont stage. Chapter 2. Intertidal environments are well known as areas of environmental extremes, and accordingly the animals that reside there have adapted to those conditions out of necessity. One abiotic factor that can have large diel variation is temperature. to address the impact of temperature variation of the marsh and subtidal habitat on H. perezi, I developed laboratory temperature experiments with nascent infections (7 °C, 15°C, 20°C, 25°C, 30°C), with patent infections (10°C, 15°C, 20°C, 30°C), and a progression series over fine scale (15°C, 17°C, 19°C, 20°C) temperature increments. These studies demonstrated that growth of the parasite is limited at the higher and lower temperatures, and that H. perezi is eliminated from the host at 30°C. This was confirmed by hemolymph smears, histology, and PCR. Chapter 3. The successful laboratory inoculations and lack of infections in fiddler crabs from endemic areas led to additional field deployments. These experiments aimed to address the dissonance of the initial results. My sentinel studies included fiddler crabs deployed in a crab pot from a pier touching bottom, deployed from the pier approximately mid-tidal height, deployed mid-marsh in mesh cages without access to bury, and deployed mid-marsh with access to bury. Fiddler crabs can obtain H. perezi infections in the marsh when caged without access to bury or when fully or partially submerged from a pier. However, they do not obtain H. perezi infections when given access to bury. Natural behaviors, such as burying along with elevated marsh temperatures likely prevent the establishment of H. perezi in the natural fiddler crab population.
Mangrove Ecosystems A Global Biogeographic Perspective
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Author : Victor H. Rivera-Monroy
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-11-03
Mangrove Ecosystems A Global Biogeographic Perspective written by Victor H. Rivera-Monroy and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-03 with Science categories.
This book presents a comprehensive overview and analysis of mangrove ecological processes, structure, and function at the local, biogeographic, and global scales and how these properties interact to provide key ecosystem services to society. The analysis is based on an international collaborative effort that focuses on regions and countries holding the largest mangrove resources and encompasses the major biogeographic and socio-economic settings of mangrove distribution. Given the economic and ecological importance of mangrove wetlands at the global scale, the chapters aim to integrate ecological and socio-economic perspectives on mangrove function and management using a system-level hierarchical analysis framework. The book explores the nexus between mangrove ecology and the capacity for ecosystem services, with an emphasis on thresholds, multiple stressors, and local conditions that determine this capacity. The interdisciplinary approach and illustrative study cases included in the book will provide valuable resources in data, information, and knowledge about the current status of one of the most productive coastal ecosystem in the world.
Encyclopedia Of Coastal Science
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Author : M. Schwartz
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-11-08
Encyclopedia Of Coastal Science written by M. Schwartz and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-11-08 with Science categories.
This new Encyclopedia of Coastal Science stands as the latest authoritative source in the field of coastal studies, making it the standard reference work for specialists and the interested lay person. Unique in its interdisciplinary approach. This Encyclopedia features contributions by 245 well-known international specialists in their respective fields and is abundantly illustrated with line-drawings and photographs. Not only does this volume offer an extensive number of entries, it also includes various appendices, an illustrated glossary of coastal morphology and extensive bibliographic listings.
Habitats And Biota Of The Gulf Of Mexico Before The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
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Author : C. Herb Ward
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-06-26
Habitats And Biota Of The Gulf Of Mexico Before The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill written by C. Herb Ward and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-06-26 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book is open access under a CC BY-NC 2.5 license. The Gulf of Mexico is an open and dynamic marine ecosystem rich in natural resources but heavily impacted by human activities, including agricultural, industrial, commercial and coastal development. The Gulf of Mexico has been continuously exposed to petroleum hydrocarbons for millions of years from natural oil and gas seeps on the sea floor, and more recently from oil drilling and production activities located in the water near and far from shore. Major accidental oil spills in the Gulf are infrequent; two of the most significant include the Ixtoc I blowout in the Bay of Campeche in 1979 and the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in 2010. Unfortunately, baseline assessments of the status of habitats and biota in the Gulf of Mexico before these spills either were not available, or the data had not been systematically compiled in a way that would help scientists assess the potential short-term and long-term effects of such events. This 2-volume series compiles and summarizes thousands of data sets showing the status of habitats and biota in the Gulf of Mexico before the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. Volume 1 covers: water and sediment quality and contaminants in the Gulf; natural oil and gas seeps in the Gulf of Mexico; coastal habitats, including flora and fauna and coastal geology; offshore benthos and plankton, with an analysis of current knowledge on energy capture and energy flows in the Gulf; and shellfish and finfish resources that provide the basis for commercial and recreational fisheries.
Intertidal Ecology
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Author : D. Raffaelli
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Intertidal Ecology written by D. Raffaelli and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
The seashore has long been the subject of fascination and study - the Ancient Greek scholar Aristotle made observations and wrote about Mediterranean sea urchins. The considerable knowledge of what to eat and where it could be found has been passed down since prehistoric times by oral tradition in many societies - in Britain it is still unwise to eat shellfish in months without an 'r' in them. Over the last three hundred years or so we have seen the formalization of science and this of course has touched intertidal ecology. Linnaeus classified specimens collected from the seashore and many common species (Patella vulgata L. , Mytilus edulis L. , Littorina littorea (L. )) bear his imprint because he formally described, named and catalogued them. Early natural historians described zonation patterns in the first part of the 19th century (Audouin and Milne-Edwards, 1832), and the Victorians became avid admirers and collectors of shore animals and plants with the advent of the new fashion of seaside holidays (Gosse, 1856; Kingsley, 1856). As science became professionalized towards the end of the century, marine biologists took advantage of low tides to gain easy access to marine life for taxonomic work and classical studies of functional morphology. The first serious studies of the ecology of the shore were made at this time (e. g.
Salt Marshes
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Author : Duncan M. FitzGerald
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2021-04-22
Salt Marshes written by Duncan M. FitzGerald and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-04-22 with Nature categories.
A multidisciplinary review of salt marshes, describing how they function and respond to external pressures such as sea-level rise.
Marine Insects
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Author : Lanna Cheng
language : en
Publisher: North-Holland
Release Date : 1976
Marine Insects written by Lanna Cheng and has been published by North-Holland this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1976 with Nature categories.
This is the first exhaustive review of literature on marine insects, which are defined in this volume as those that spend at least part of their life in association with the marine environment. Not only are true insects, such as the Collembola and insect parasites of marine birds and mammals, considered, but also other kinds of intertidal air-breathing arthropods, notably spiders, scorpions, mites, centipedes and millipedes, which live and feed with, or even on, the insects of marine habitats. The chapters, written by leading authorities, are divided into two sections, the first treating primarily ecological aspects, the second dealing with major groups of insects in marine environments.
Coastal Wetlands Alteration And Remediation
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Author : Charles W. Finkl
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-07-18
Coastal Wetlands Alteration And Remediation written by Charles W. Finkl and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-07-18 with Science categories.
This book delves into human-induced and natural impacts on coastal wetlands, intended or otherwise, through a series of vignettes that elucidate the environmental insults and efforts at amelioration and remediation. The alteration, and subsequent restoration, of wetland habitats remain key issues among coastal scientists. These topics are introduced through case studies and pilot programs that are designed to better understand the best practices of trying to save what is left of these fragile ecosystems. Local approaches, as well as national and international efforts to restore the functionality of marsh systems are summarily approached and evaluated by their efficacy in producing resilient reclamations in terms of climate-smart habitat conservation. The outlook of this work is global in extent and local by intent. Included here in summarized form are professional opinions of experts in the field that investigate the crux of the matter, which proves to be human pressure on coastal wetland environments. Even though conservation and preservation of these delicate environmental systems may be coming at a later date, many multi-pronged approaches show promise through advances in education, litigation, and engineering to achieve sustainable coastal systems. The examples in this book are not only of interest to those working exclusively with coastal wetlands, but also to those working to protect the surrounding coastal areas of all types.