A Computational Study Of The Effect Of Fuel Reforming Egr And Initial Temperature On Lean Ethanol Hcci Combustion
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A Computational Study Of The Effect Of Fuel Reforming Egr And Initial Temperature On Lean Ethanol Hcci Combustion
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Author : Cathy K. W. Ng
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
A Computational Study Of The Effect Of Fuel Reforming Egr And Initial Temperature On Lean Ethanol Hcci Combustion written by Cathy K. W. Ng and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Alcohol as fuel categories.
Prospects Of Alternative Transportation Fuels
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Author : Akhilendra P Singh
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-11-28
Prospects Of Alternative Transportation Fuels written by Akhilendra P Singh and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-28 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book discusses different types of alternative fuels, including biodiesel, alcohol, synthetic fuels, compressed natural gas (CNG) and its blend with hydrogen, HCNG, and provides detailed information on the utilization of these alternative fuels in internal combustion (IC) engines. Further, it presents methods for production of these alternative fuels and explores advanced combustion techniques, such as low-temperature and dual-fuel combustion, using alternative fuels. It includes a chapter on the soot morphology of biodiesel, which focuses on the toxicity. There are also four chapters on hydrogen-fueled engines, which discuss use of hydrogen in IC engines and also provide important information on the methodologies. This book is a valuable resource for researchers and practicing engineers alike.
Lean Combustion
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Author : Derek Dunn-Rankin
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2016-07-01
Lean Combustion written by Derek Dunn-Rankin and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-01 with Science categories.
Lean Combustion: Technology and Control, Second Edition outlines and explains the latest advances in lean combustion technology and systems. Combustion under sufficiently fuel-lean conditions can have the desirable attributes of high efficiency and low emissions. The book offers readers both the fundamentals and latest developments in how lean burn (broadly defined) can increase fuel economy and decrease emissions, while still achieving desired power output and performance. This volume brings together research and design of lean combustion systems across the technology spectrum in order to explore the state-of-the-art in lean combustion. Readers will learn about advances in the understanding of ultra-lean fuel mixtures and how new types of burners and approaches to managing heat flow can reduce problems often found with lean combustion (such as slow, difficult ignition and frequent flame extinction). This book offers abundant references and examples of real-world applications. New to this edition are significantly revised chapters on IC engines and stability/oscillations, and new case studies and examples. Written by a team of experts, this contributed reference book aims to teach its reader to maximize efficiency and minimize both economic and environmental costs. - Presents a comprehensive collection of lean burn technology across potential applications, allowing readers to compare and contrast similarities and differences - Provides an extensive update on IC engines including compression ignition (diesel), spark ignition, and homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) - Includes an extensive revision to the Stability/Oscillations chapter - Includes use of alternative fuels such as biogas and hydrogen for relevant technologies - Covers new developments in lean combustion using high levels of pre-heat and heat recirculating burners, as well as the active control of lean combustion instabilities
Annual Index Abstracts Of Sae Technical Papers 2004
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Annual Index Abstracts Of Sae Technical Papers 2004 written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Automobiles categories.
Automotive Engineering International
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Automotive Engineering International written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Automobiles categories.
Annual Index Abstracts Of Sae Technical Papers
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Annual Index Abstracts Of Sae Technical Papers written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Automobiles categories.
A Computational Study On Ethanol Hcci Combustion Microform
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Author : Cathy Ka Wai Ng
language : en
Publisher: Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada
Release Date : 2004
A Computational Study On Ethanol Hcci Combustion Microform written by Cathy Ka Wai Ng and has been published by Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.
Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines have great potential in high efficiency with ultra-low NOx and particulates emissions. Therefore, fundamentals of HCCI and the control techniques of changing initial temperature, equivalence ratio, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rate and fuel reforming rate are examined using a single-zone well-stirred reactor model of an ethanol engine. In particular, the expansion of the Acceptable Operating Range (AOR) using fuel reforming, complemented by EGR, is investigated. It is found that reforming extends the complete combustion limit of the AOR, but shrinks the NOx emission limit. Reforming is also less effective than EGR in widening the AOR at the conditions studied. Therefore, reforming should be used only at temperatures near the ignition limit to enhance combustion. It is recommended that other control techniques, such as using different fuel and additives, and stratified charge combustion should be tested using a more sophisticated multi-zone well-stirred reactor model.
Ignition Behavior Of Gasolines And Surrogate Fuels In Low Temperature Combustion Strategies
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Author : Vickey Kalaskar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Ignition Behavior Of Gasolines And Surrogate Fuels In Low Temperature Combustion Strategies written by Vickey Kalaskar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
This dissertation discusses the results from three different studies aimed at understanding the importance of fuel chemical structure during low temperature combustion (LTC) strategies, like homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) and partially premixed combustion (PPC) employed in internal combustion (IC) engines wherein the focus is on high octane fuels. Boosted intake air operation combined with exhaust gas recirculation, internal as well as external, has become a standard path for expanding the load limits of IC engines employing LTC strategies mentioned above as well as conventional diesel and spark ignition (SI) engines. However, the effects of fuel compositional variation have not been fully explored. The first study focusses on three different fuels, where each of them were evaluated using a single cylinder boosted HCCI engine using negative valve overlap. The three fuels investigated were: a regular grade gasoline (RON = 90.2), 30% ethanol-gasoline blend (E30, RON = 100.3), and 24% iso-butanol-gasoline blend (IB24, RON = 96.6). Detailed sweeps of intake manifold pressure (atmospheric to 250 kPaa), EGR (0 -- 25% EGR), and injection timing were conducted to identify fuel-specific effects. While significant fuel compositional differences existed, the results showed that all these fuels achieved comparable operation with minor changes in operational conditions. Further, it was shown that the available enthalpy from the exhaust would not be sufficient to satisfy the boost requirements at higher load operation by doing an analysis of the required turbocharger efficiency. While the first study concentrated on load expansion of HCCI, it is important to mention that controlling LTC strategies is difficult under low load or idle operating conditions. To ensure stable operation, fuel injection in the negative valve overlap (NVO) is used as one of method of achieving combustion control. However the combustion chemistry under high temperature and fuel rich conditions that exist during the NVO have not been previously explored. The second study focused on examining the products of fuel rich chemistry as a result of fuel injection in the NVO. In this study, a unique six stroke cycle was used to segregate the exhaust from the NVO and to study the chemistry of the range of fuels injected during NVO under low oxygen conditions. The fuels investigated were methanol, ethanol, iso-butanol, and iso-octane. It was observed that the products of reactions under NVO conditions were highly dependent on the injected fuel's structure with iso-octane producing less than 1.5% hydrogen and methanol producing more than 8%. However a weak dependence was observed on NVO duration and initial temperature, indicating that NVO reforming was kinetically limited. Finally, the experimental trends were compared with CHEMKIN (single zone, 0-D model) predictions using multiple kinetic mechanism that were readily available through literature. Due to the simplicity of the model and inadequate information on the fuel injection process, the experimental data was not modeled well with the mechanisms tested. Some of the shortcomings of the 0-D model were probably due to the model ignoring temperature and composition spatial inhomogeneities and evaporative cooling from fuel vaporization.Though the results from the NVO injection and boosted NVO-HCCI studies are enlightening, the fundamentals of the autoignition behavior of gasoline, alcohols, and their mixtures are not entirely understood despite the interest in high octane fuels in compression engines from a point of view of better thermal efficiency. The third study focused on higher octane blends consisting of binary and ternary mixtures of n-heptane and/or iso-octane, and a fuel of interest. These fuels of interest were toluene, ethanol, and iso-butanol. In this study, the autoignition of such blends is studied under lean conditions ([phi] = 0.25) with varying intake pressure (atmospheric to 3 bar, abs) and at a constant intake temperature of 155 °C. The blends consisted of varying percentages of fuels of interest and their research octane number (RON) approximately estimated at 100 and 80. For comparison, neat iso-octane was selected as RON 100 fuel and PRF 80 blend was selected as RON 80 fuel. It was observed that the blends with a higher percentage of n-heptane showed a stronger tendency to autoignite at lower intake pressures. However, as the intake pressure was increased, the non-reactive components, in this case, the higher octane blend components (toluene, ethanol, and iso-butanol), reduced this tendency subsequently delaying the critical compression ratio (CCR) of the blends. The heat release analysis revealed that the higher octane components in the blends reduced the low temperature reactivity of n-heptane and iso-octane. GC-MS and GC-FID analysis of the partially compressed fuel also indicated that the higher octane components did affect the conversion of the more reactive components, n-heptane and iso-octane, into their partially oxidized branched hydrocarbons in the binary/ternary blends, and reduced the overall reactivity which resulted in a delayed CCR at higher intake pressures.
Computational Modeling To Study The Effect Of Fuel Pre Treatment On Ic Engine Combustion Control
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Author : Venkateswara Raju Dantuluri
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Computational Modeling To Study The Effect Of Fuel Pre Treatment On Ic Engine Combustion Control written by Venkateswara Raju Dantuluri and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Conventional internal combustion (IC) engine combustion strategies such as homogeneous charge spark ignition (HCSI) and stratified charge compression ignition (SCCI) engines have nearly reached their maximum performance and emission reduction capabilities. New low-temperature combustion (LTC) strategies such as homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) and derivitives have the potential to reduce engine-out emissions while maintaining high efficiency; however, combustion phasing challenges must be solved before their widespread use is adopted. The present work studies the potential of two strategies to control combustion phasing of LTC systems: (1) using intra-cycle re-circulated partial oxidation products (RePOx) and (2) internal fuel reformation by residuals during negative valve overlap (NVO). Both systems were studied using chemical kinetic modeling assuming n-heptane as the fuel. A detailed kinetic mechanism was constructed by combining existing n-heptane and nitrogen mechanisms and validated using HCCI experimental data available from the literature. The RePOx strategy was newly conceived as part of this work. The partial oxidation products are created by extracting a portion of the lean charge products during the expansion stroke and mixing these with the fuel in an auxiliary chamber (RePOx prechamber). The equivalence ratio of the recirculated reactants is controlled by varying the amount of mass extracted. The re-circulated partially-oxidized products are then reintroduced into the main chamber and mixed with compressed air to facilitate the main chamber reaction. This process is modeled using a complex reactor network in the CHEMKIN-PRO software package combined with an external program to balance mass and energy for the RePOx system. The study of this concept was performed in two phases. In the first phase, all the fuel was delivered through the RePOx prechamber, while in the second phase, part of the fuel was premixed in the main chamber prior to compression and the balance was delivered through the prechamber. In both phases, the effects of extraction mass, extraction timing, injection timing, pre-chamber volume, and overall equivalence ratio were examined. Varying pre-chamber volume did not show any effect on the performance or combustion phasing under the conditions and assumptions of this study. In the first phase, advancing injection timing by 5o and 10o crank angle (CA) has advanced the combustion phasing by 1.8o and 3.3o CA respectively. With the premixed charge, the combustion in the main engine chamber exhibited low temperature heat release (LTHR) after 30o crank angle (CA) before top dead center (BTDC) compression. This LTHR varied this trend. When the injection was before LTHR (before -30o CA) the trend is similar to first phase. When the injection is after LTHR (-20o CA), the rise in temperature during LTHR advanced the combustion by 7o CA when compared to -30o CA. In both phases when extraction mass is 5% or above, the combustion is advanced with increased extraction amount. When the extraction mass is below 3%, the incomplete alkane oxidation in pre-chamber caused LTHR in the main chamber after injection causing advanced combustion. Late extraction has delayed the combustion in both phases when there is no LTHR. When there is LTHR, the effect of temperature rise due to LTHR dominated the effect of late extraction and there is no variation in combustion phasing. Increasing overall equivalence ratio without premixing from 04 to 0.5 and 0.6 advanced the combustion phasing by 2o and 3o respectively. Under the conditions of the investigation, the RePOx system without premixing was able to operate at lower overall equivalence ratio than pure HCCI. The (NVO) strategy was incorporated into a 'conventional' HCCI engine and was also modeled and evaluated using a complex reactor network in CHEMKIN-PRO. In this case, however, actual experimental data was available from the literature to validate the system as modeled. The data showed that start of injection timing during NVO (NVO_SOI) effected the fuel reformation and varied the main combustion phasing. The main combustion phasing is delayed as the NVO_SOI is intitally retarded since the later injection caused less heat release during NVO, which reduced the temperatures after closing the intake valve (IVC). However, once a particular threshold was reached, additional delay in NVO_SOI resulted in advanced main combustion phasing. The model showed that this was because the reduced time for reformation during NVO caused more alkanes from the reformed fuel to be present during compression of the main combustion event. This triggered low temperature heat release (LTHR) during compression, from which the associated temperature rise caused advanced main combustion. While the model showed the same heat release timing trend as the experimental work, the point of reversing the trend due to LTHR occurred with NVO_SOI 10o crank angle earlier than as it occurred in the experimental results. When both RePOx and NVO systems are compared using the same engine displacement, the RePOx system has more than twice the power output than NVO because the full displacement can be used for fresh charge, whereas the volumetric efficiency is significantly impacted by the NVO valve timing. The RePOx system has more controlling parameters than the NVO system to control the combustion phasing and optimizing performance and emissions. The current research work demonstrates that presence of LTHR effectively minimizes the effect of othe parameters on combustion phasing in both RePOx and NVO systems. LTHR can be minimized by reforming the fuel and controlling the concentrations of species such as HO2, alkenes and alkanes. This work shows that both fuel reforming strategies investigated can be effectively used to control the combustion phasing in LTC systems.
A Computational Study Of Auto Ignition And Flame Propagation In Stratified Mixtures Relevant To Modern Engines
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Author : Ramanan Sankaran
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
A Computational Study Of Auto Ignition And Flame Propagation In Stratified Mixtures Relevant To Modern Engines written by Ramanan Sankaran and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.