A Health Sector Strategy For The Europe And Central Asia Region
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A Health Sector Strategy For The Europe And Central Asia Region
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Author : Verdon S. Staines
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1999-01-01
A Health Sector Strategy For The Europe And Central Asia Region written by Verdon S. Staines and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-01-01 with Medical categories.
The health systems inherited by transition countries of Europe and Central Asia (ECA) are changing in response to fundamental and unprecedented challenges. Although the desired shape of future health systems in many ECA countries is discernible, the process for getting there must be invented along the way. 'A Health Sector Strategy for the Europe and Central Asia Region' reviews substantive issues facing health policymakers in ECA. It summarizes the World Bank's experience so far in this arena and the lessons it suggests. Furthermore, it outlines both an external strategy by which the Bank's ECA health staff could assist countries to restructure their health systems and an internal strategy by which the staff could organize their own activities to achieve this result. The publication offers those outside the Bank a basis for professional dialogue to foster constructive change in the Bank's approaches.
Getting Better
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Author : Owen Smith
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2013-06-10
Getting Better written by Owen Smith and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-10 with Medical categories.
Fifty years ago, health outcomes in the countries of Eastern Europe and Central Asia were not far behind those in Western Europe and well ahead of most other regions of the world. But progress since then has been slow. While life expectancy in the ECA region today is close to the global average, the gap with its western neighbors has doubled, and other middle-income regions have all surpassed ECA. Some countries in the region are doing better, but full convergence with the world’s most advanced health systems is still a long way off. At the same time, survey evidence suggests that the health sector is the top priority for additional investment among populations across the region. The experience of high-income countries also suggests that popular demand for strong and accessible health systems will only grow over time. Yet these aspirations must be reconciled with current fiscal realities. In brief, health sector issues are a challenge here to stay for policy-makers across the ECA region. This report draws on new evidence to explore the development challenge facing health sectors in ECA, and highlights three key agendas to help policy-makers seeking to achieve more rapid convergence with the world’s best performing health systems. The first is the health agenda, where the task is to strengthen public health and primary care interventions to help launch the “cardiovascular revolution” that has taken place in the West in recent decades. The second is the financing agenda, in which growing demand for medical care must be satisfied without imposing undue burden on households or government budgets. The third agenda relates to broader institutional arrangements. Here there are some key reform ingredients common to most advanced health systems that are still missing in many ECA countries. A common theme in each of these three agendas is the emphasis on improving outcomes, or “Getting Better”.
Market Mechanisms And The Health Sector In Central And Eastern Europe
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Author : Alexander S. Preker
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1995-01-01
Market Mechanisms And The Health Sector In Central And Eastern Europe written by Alexander S. Preker and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Annotation World Bank Technical Paper No. 293.Presents a conceptual framework for understanding the impact of health sector reforms in Central and Eastern Europe. The book analyzes the various factors involved in the reforms and presents strategies adopted by many countries of the region during the early phases of the transition era.
Health Care In Central Asia
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Author : Mckee
language : en
Publisher: Open University Press
Release Date : 2002
Health Care In Central Asia written by Mckee and has been published by Open University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Health & Fitness categories.
Central Asia remains one of the least known parts of the former Soviet Union. The five central Asian republics gained their unexpected independence in 1991. They have faced enormous challenges over the last decade in reforming their health care systems, including adverse macro-economic conditions and political instability. To varying extents, each country is diverging from a hierarchical and unsustainable Soviet model health care system. Common strategies have involved devolving the ownership of health services, seeking sources of revenue additional to shrinking state taxes, 'down-sizing' their excessive hospital systems, introducing general practitioners into primary care services, and enhancing the training of health professionals. This book draws on a decade of experience of what has worked and what has not. It is an invaluable source for those working in the region and for others interested in the experiences of countries in political and economic transition.
Strengthening Health System Governance Better Policies Stronger Performance
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Author : Scott Greer
language : en
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education (UK)
Release Date : 2015-11-16
Strengthening Health System Governance Better Policies Stronger Performance written by Scott Greer and has been published by McGraw-Hill Education (UK) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-16 with Medical categories.
Highly Commended in Health and Social Care in the 2017 BMA Medical Book Awards. Governance is the systematic, patterned way in which decisions are made and implemented. The governance of a health system therefore shapes its ability to respond to the various well-documented challenges that health systems face today, and its capacity to cope with both everyday challenges and new policies and problems. This book provides a robust framework that identifies five key aspects of governance, distilled from a large body of literature, that are important in explaining the ability of health systems to provide accessible, high-quality, sustainable health. These five aspects are transparency, accountability, participation, organizational integrity and policy capacity. Part 1 of this book explains the significance of this framework, drawing out strategies for health policy success and lessons for more effective governance. Part 2 then turns to explore eight case studies in a number of different European regions applying the framework to a range of themes including communicable diseases, public-private partnerships, governing competitive insurance market reform, the role of governance in the pharmaceutical sector, and many more. The book explores how: - Transparency, accountability, participation, integrity and capacity are key aspects of health governance and shape decision making and implementation - There is no simply “good” governance that can work everywhere; every aspect of governance involves costs and benefits. Context is crucial. - Governance can explain policy success and failure, so it should be analysed and in some cases changed as part of policy formation and preparation. - Some policies simply exceed the governance capacity of their systems and should be avoided. This book is designed for health policy makers and all those working or studying in the areas of public health, health research or health economics.
Roma And The Transition In Central And Eastern Europe
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Author : Dena Ringold
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2000-01-01
Roma And The Transition In Central And Eastern Europe written by Dena Ringold and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-01-01 with Social Science categories.
This report brings together the available evidence from primary and secondary sources, including household surveys and results of recent qualitative studies, to develop a picture of the development challenges facing Roma populations in Central and Eastern Europe. While living standards have declined for all population groups during the transition to a market economy, there are growing indications that conditions have deteriorated more severely for Roma than for others, and that Roma are poorly positioned to take advantage of emerging economic opportunities. This report focuses on five countries in Central and Eastern Europe: Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania the Czech Republic, and the Slovak Republic. The first chapter of the report provides the historical context and an overview of the methodological issues and main data sources; chapter two presents the available evidence on welfare status and living conditions, examining poverty, housing education, employment and health; chapter three considers issues relating to access to social services; and the final chapter reviews the opportunities for Roma participation in the design and implementation of community development policies and programmes, and outlines policy implications.
Europe And Central Asia Regional Overview Of Food Security And Nutrition 2018
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Author : FAO
language : en
Publisher: United Nations
Release Date : 2019-02-04
Europe And Central Asia Regional Overview Of Food Security And Nutrition 2018 written by FAO and has been published by United Nations this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-02-04 with Political Science categories.
Europe and Central Asia encompasses great economic, social and environmental diversity, its countries are facing various food security and nutrition challenges. While they have made significant progress in reducing the prevalence of undernourishment over the past two decades, new evidence shows a stagnation of this trend, particularly in Central Asia. The in-depth analysis provides new evidence for monitoring trends in food security and nutrition, and progress made against specific targets of the Sustainable Development Goal 2.
Who Is Paying For Health Care In Eastern Europe And Central Asia
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Author : Maureen A. Lewis
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2000-01-01
Who Is Paying For Health Care In Eastern Europe And Central Asia written by Maureen A. Lewis and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-01-01 with Health & Fitness categories.
Informal payments in the health sector of Eastern and Central Asia are emerging as a fundamental aspect of health care financing and a serious impediment to health care reform. These informal payments, made to individuals or institutions in cash or in kind, are nearly always for services that are meant to be covered by the health care system. Such private payments to public personnel have created an informal market for health care , and are a form of corruption. This problem's roots are traced to declining revenues which have not coincided with a reduction in buildings, hospital beds and health personnel. In these circumstances informal payments compensate for lost earnings, and therefore reforms to modernise the region's health systems must compete with individuals' personal revenues. Options for addressing this problem include comprehensive anticorruption policies, downsizing of the public health system, reducing the set of services sibsidised by the state, encouraging cost sharing with those who can afford it, improving accountability, and promoting private alternatives.
Central Asia S Second Chance
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Author : Martha Brill Olcott
language : en
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press
Release Date : 2010-03-01
Central Asia S Second Chance written by Martha Brill Olcott and has been published by Brookings Institution Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-03-01 with Political Science categories.
A leading authority on Central Asia offers a sweeping review of the region's path from independence to the post-9/11 world. The first decade of Central Asian independence was disappointing for those who envisioned a straightforward transition from Soviet republics to independent states with market economies and democratic political systems. Leaders excused political failures by pointing to security risks, including the presence of terrorist training camps in Afghanistan. The situation changed dramatically after 9/11, when the camps were largely destroyed and the United States introduced a military presence. More importantly the international community engaged with these states to give them a "second chance" to address social and economic problems. But neither the aid-givers nor the recipients were willing to approach problems in new ways. Now, terrorists groups are once again making their presence felt and some states may be becoming global security risks. This book explores how the region squandered its second chance and what might happen next.
Labor Markets And Social Policy In Central And Eastern Europe
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Author : N. A. Barr
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2005-01-01
Labor Markets And Social Policy In Central And Eastern Europe written by N. A. Barr and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
'Labor Markets and Social Policy in Central and Eastern Europe' summarises social policy reform during the transition and EU accession and analyses the social policy challenges which continue to face both old and new member states. Specifically, the book amplifies two sets of arguments. First, social policy under communism was in important respects well-suited to the old order andprecisely for that reasonwas systematically badly-suited to a market economy. Strategic reform directions thus followed from the nature of the transition process and from constraints imposed by EU accession. Secondly, successful accession is not the end of the story: economic and social trends over the past 50 years are creating strains for social policy which all countriesold and new memberswill have to face.This book will be of interest to readers interested in social policy, particularly those with an interest in the process of post-communist transition, in EU accession, and in future social policy challenges for the wider Europe. It should be of interest to academics in departments of economics, social policy and political science, and to policy makers, including government advisers and civil servants.