A Historical Note On Economic Reforms In Myanmar 2006 To 2016
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A Historical Note On Economic Reforms In Myanmar 2006 To 2016
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Author : Lex Rieffel
language : en
Publisher: ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute
Release Date : 2025-06-05
A Historical Note On Economic Reforms In Myanmar 2006 To 2016 written by Lex Rieffel and has been published by ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-06-05 with Business & Economics categories.
This historical note seeks to provide some markers for economists and policymakers interested in Myanmar’s woeful experience over seven decades when it fell from being one of the most prosperous and promising countries in East Asia at the end of World War II to one of the poorest now. The most encouraging period of economic progress after Burma’s independence in 1948 was the decade of quasi-democratic governance under the Thein Sein administration from 2011 to 2016 and the National League for Democracy (NLD) administration (led by Aung San Suu Kyi) from 2016 to 2021. On 1 February 2021, a military coup plunged the country back into another chaotic period of civil strife and economic suffering, with no end in sight. For people interested in Myanmar’s future, it is important to examine the foundations for the economic policy reforms that sparked Myanmar’s joyful economic rise beginning in 2011, assess these reforms as they were carried out during the two administrations, and consider how they may have contributed to the coup in 2021. This note begins by focusing on the period from 2003 to 2011 when a “Third Force” was active, mediating between the country’s military rulers and the democratic opposition growing out of the 1988 uprising that gained international support through the leadership of Aung San Suu Kyi and her party, the NLD. In this period, the roles of “Myanmar Egress” and the visit of Nobel-laureate economist Joseph Stiglitz are given special attention. The note goes on to describe somewhat superficially the economic reforms implemented by the Thein Sein administration that arguably contributed crucially to the reforms subsequently implemented during the NLD administration. These reforms, in the five years leading up to the 2021 coup, have been thoroughly described by Sean Turnell, economic advisor to Aung San Suu Kyi (as head of the NLD administration) in his monograph Best Laid Plans. The note finishes with a short set of thoughts about lessons to be drawn and questions to be explored.
Myanmar S Transition
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Author : Nick Cheesman
language : en
Publisher: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies
Release Date : 2012
Myanmar S Transition written by Nick Cheesman and has been published by Institute of Southeast Asian Studies this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Business & Economics categories.
With the world watching closely, Myanmar began a process of political, administrative and institutional transition from 30 January 2011. After convening the parliament, elected in November 2010, the former military regime transferred power to a new government headed by former Prime Minister (and retired general), U Thein Sein. With parliamentary processes restored in Myanmar's new capital of Naypyitaw, Thein Sein's government announced a wide-ranging reform agenda, and began releasing political prisoners and easing press censorship. Pivotal meetings between Thein Sein and Aung San Suu Kyi led to amendment of the Election Law and the National League for Democracy contesting by-elections in April 2012. The 2011 Myanmar/Burma update conference considered the openings offered by these political changes and media reforms and the potential opportunities for international assistance. Obstacles covered include impediments to the rule of law, the continuation of human rights abuses, the impunity of the Army, and the failure to end ethnic insurgency.
How Generation Z Galvanized A Revolutionary Movement Against Myanmar S 2021 Military Coup
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Author : Ingrid Jordt
language : en
Publisher: ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute
Release Date : 2021-05-12
How Generation Z Galvanized A Revolutionary Movement Against Myanmar S 2021 Military Coup written by Ingrid Jordt and has been published by ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-05-12 with Political Science categories.
On 1 February 2021, under the command of General Min Aung Hlaing, Myanmar’s military initiated a coup, apparently drawing to a close Myanmar’s ten-year experiment with democratic rule. State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi and President Win Myint were arrested along with other elected officials. Mass protests against the coup ensued, led by Gen Z youths who shaped a values-based democratic revolutionary movement that in character is anti-military regime, anti-China influence, anti-authoritarian, anti-racist, and anti-sexist. Women and minorities have been at the forefront, organizing protests, shaping campaigns, and engaging sectors of society that in the past had been relegated to the periphery of national politics. The protests were broadcast to local and international audiences through social media. Simultaneously, a civil disobedience movement (CDM) arose in the shape of a massive strike mostly led by civil servants. CDM is non-violent and acephalous, a broad “society against the state” movement too large and diffuse for the military to target and dismantle. Semi-autonomous administrative zones in the name of Pa-a-pha or civil administrative organizations emerged out of spontaneously organized neighbourhood watches at the ward and village levels, effectively forming a parallel governance system to the military state. Anti-coup protests moved decisively away from calls for the release of Aung San Suu Kyi and other elected political leaders, or for a return to democracy under the 2008 constitution. Instead, it evolved towards greater inclusivity of all Myanmar peoples in pursuit of a more robust federal democracy. A group of fifteen elected parliamentarians, representing the ideals of Gen Z youths, formed a shadow government called the Committee Representing the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (CRPH) on 5 February 2021. On 1 March the CRPH declared the military governing body, the State Administrative Council (SAC), a “terrorist group”, and on 31 March, it declared the military’s 2008 constitution abolished. Gen Z’s protests have accomplished what has been elusive to prior generations of anti-regime movements and uprisings. They have severed the Bamar Buddhist nationalist narrative that has gripped state society relations and the military’s ideological control over the political landscape, substituting for it an inclusive democratic ideology.
The 1948 Communist Revolt In Malaya
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Author : Michael R. Stenson
language : en
Publisher: Institute of Southeast Asian
Release Date :
The 1948 Communist Revolt In Malaya written by Michael R. Stenson and has been published by Institute of Southeast Asian this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with History categories.
Dr Stenson presented the original version of this paper at a seminar, intrigued by the question of whether the Malayan uprising was part of the general Communist revolt in Southeast Asia or the result of local conditions which caused the Communists to act at that time or lose their political position.
Economic Development Of Myanmar
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Author : Myat Thein
language : en
Publisher: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies
Release Date : 2004
Economic Development Of Myanmar written by Myat Thein and has been published by Institute of Southeast Asian Studies this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Business & Economics categories.
There are a number of excellent studies by eminent Myanmar economists as well as scholars from abroad covering different post-war periods and/or various aspects of development in Myanmar. What this book does is to bring them altogether, as it were, under one roof by recasting bits and pieces of their work according to the author’s own understanding. In doing so, a holistic approach was adopted in order to have a well-rounded account of developments over the past fifty years or more. In addition, an attempt has also been made to present the major developments at different periods of time between 1948 and 2000 in a simple, but not over simplified, reader-friendly format so as to reach as wide an audience as possible. It is the author’s ardent wish that not only students and policy-makers, but Myanmar people in all walks of life will read the book, discuss it, and work together for a better future.
Socio Economic Atlas Of Myanmar
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Author : Regine Spohner
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Socio Economic Atlas Of Myanmar written by Regine Spohner and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Myanmar
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Author : Adam Simpson
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2020-09-14
Myanmar written by Adam Simpson and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-14 with Business & Economics categories.
This book provides a sophisticated, yet accessible, overview of the key political, economic and social challenges facing contemporary Myanmar and explains the complex historical and ethnic dynamics that have shaped the country. With clear and incisive contributions from the world’s leading Myanmar scholars, this book assesses the policies and political reforms that have provoked contestation in Myanmar’s recent history and driven both economic and social change. In this context, questions of economic ownership and control and the distribution of natural resources are shown to be deeply informed by long-standing fractures among ethnic and civil-military relations. The chapters analyse the key issues that constrain or expedite societal development in Myanmar and place recent events of national and international significance in the context of its complex history and social relations. In doing so, the book demonstrates that ethnic and cultural diversity is at the core of Myanmar’s society and heavily influences all aspects of life in the country. Filling a gap in the market, this research textbook and primer will be of interest to upper undergraduates, postgraduates and scholars of Southeast Asian politics, economics and society and to journalists and professionals working within governments, companies and other organisations.
Myanmar S Peace Process And The Role Of Middle Power States
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Author : Chiraag Roy
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2022-06-06
Myanmar S Peace Process And The Role Of Middle Power States written by Chiraag Roy and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-06 with Social Science categories.
This book explores middle power engagement in peace processes through the cases of Australian, Japanese and Norwegian engagement in Myanmar’s peace process, a core event in Myanmar’s contemporary recent political history. The book asks to what extent, and how, middle powers have engaged in Myanmar’s peace process as a form of peacemaking entrepreneurship. Underpinning this study is a concern for the lack of clarity surrounding the middle power concept. Traditional conceptions of middle powers, steeped in idealist thinking, locate such states as capable peacemakers, without elucidating the motivations that drive middle powers to peacemaking beyond mere status seeking. Drawing on recent fieldwork interviews from within Myanmar as well as political economy literature, the author scrutinises this notion while concomitantly offering an incisive analysis of Myanmar’s peace process. Based on the Myanmar context, the book argues that middle powers can better be conceptualised as "peace-making entrepreneurs," as actors that use peacemaking as an instrumental tool to cement their status and craft an image, which they can then trade upon to secure additional, namely, commercial, benefits. Significantly, this notion of peacemaking entrepreneurship problematises core theoretical assumptions of middle powers as capable peacemakers, presenting implications for future scholarship on middle powers. A timely addition as Myanmar continues to grapple with its own future, the book is located within the fields of International Relations and Development Studies. It will be of interest to researchers studying Asian Studies, Peace and Conflict Studies, and Myanmar Politics.
Myanmar S Agrifood System Historical Development Recent Shocks Future Opportunities
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Author : Boughton, Duncan
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2024-10-16
Myanmar S Agrifood System Historical Development Recent Shocks Future Opportunities written by Boughton, Duncan and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-10-16 with Political Science categories.
Myanmar has endured multiple crises in recent years — including COVID-19, global price instability, the 2021 coup, and widespread conflict — that have disrupted and even reversed a decade of economic development. Household welfare has declined severely, with more than 3 million people displaced and many more affected by high food price inflation and worsening diets. Yet Myanmar’s agrifood production and exports have proved surprisingly resilient. Myanmar’s Agrifood System: Historical Development, Recent Shocks, Future Opportunities provides critical analyses and insights into the agrifood system’s evolution, current state, and future potential. This work fills an important knowledge gap for one of Southeast Asia’s major agricultural economies — one largely closed to empirical research for many years. It is the culmination of a decade of rigorous empirical research on Myanmar’s agrifood system, including through the recent crises. Written by IFPRI researchers and colleagues from Michigan State University, the book’s insights can serve as a to guide immediate humanitarian assistance and inform future growth strategies, once a sustainable resolution to the current crisis is found that ensures lasting peace and good governance.
A History Of Modern Burma
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Author : Michael W. Charney
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2009-01-22
A History Of Modern Burma written by Michael W. Charney and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-01-22 with History categories.
Burma has lived under military rule for nearly half a century. The results of its 1990 elections were never recognized by the ruling junta and Aung San Suu Kyi, leader of Burma's pro-democracy movement, was denied her victory. She has been under house-arrest ever since. Now an economic satellite and political dependent of the People's Republic of China, Burma is at a crossroads. Will it become another North Korea, will it succumb to China's political embrace or will the people prevail? Michael Charney's book- the first general history of modern Burma in over five decades - traces the highs and lows of Burma's history from its colonial past to the devastation of Cyclone Nargis in 2008. By exploring key themes such as the political division between lowland and highland Burma and monastic opposition to state control, the author explains the forces that have made the country what it is today.