A History Of Metallurgy In India
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A History Of Metallurgy In India
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Author : Gurprit Singh
language : en
Publisher: Independently Published
Release Date : 2018-01-20
A History Of Metallurgy In India written by Gurprit Singh and has been published by Independently Published this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-20 with categories.
Metals and their knowledge have have been important in historic as well as pre-historic ages. Many of the pre-historic artefacts are still a wonder to the modern man. When we visit places like Ajanta, Ellora caves, Konark Temple at Bhubaneshwar, Taj Mahal at Agra, Qutb Minar and Ashoka Pillar at Delhi, we look with awe the craftsmanship of the sculptors and metal workers. A strong culture of technology is necessary for creation of such masterpieces.The monuments made of stones needed a few basic metal implements: chisels and hammers. How did these originate? Before the making of basic metal tools, stone based tools were only available which were heavy and got blunted easily and could not be used for agriculture. Metal tools are harder, last longer and are re-workable. Thus it is said that with the proliferation of metal usage, agriculture and stock-raising expanded many times. Also the villages prospered and towns came into being.Copper was the first metal man had contact with. The first copper used was native copper. Copper metallurgy in India dates back to the start of the Chalcolithic culture in the sub-continent. The Harappans extensively used Copper and Bronze to make knives, daggers, arrowheads, axes, chisel, bangles, bracelets and beads.The source of metal is the next point to think of. Was the metal obtained in a native state or extracted from ore? Also the usage of flux then to remove gangue as slag needs pondering. The shape and capacity of the furnace used is also important. Whether the metal was used as it is or alloyed with some other metal, is another query? The process of solidification by casting or the object formation by forge-welding/forging is another question. Such questions need to be answered to know about the scientific basis and technical skills of the Copper smelters and smiths in ancient times.But there are no direct answers. Answers are hidden under artefacts, furnaces, slags and other archaeological evidences. World over we find a well-marked sequence of usage of metals: copper-arsenical, copper-tin, bronze, iron, occurs which may suggest a diffusion process. However, we do not get the full sequence and in some parts we go from Neolithic technology to an Early Iron Age civilization. For a long time, the theory of the diffusion of ideas and techniques has been generally. But now, the long held general diffusional thesis for spread of metallurgy has come under cloud. The second metal iron was used in India after Copper and Bronze, as in other parts of the world and in India it was made indigenously. One may recall mastery in metal casting from the Indus times with the shining example of the dancing girl, cast in Bronze by cire purdue process. Subsequently, heavy tools and implements have been found in the copper hoards in the gangetic plains during 2000-1500 BCE. The modern day Zinc was already being produced in India in 12th to 13th centuries in the Zawar region of Rajasthan. The Ashoka Pillar at Mehraulli created in the 4th-5th century CE is a wonder having withstood 1600 monsoons which testifies its extraordinary qualitative feature. Wootz known worldwide as the famous Damascus steel was another product from master craftsmen of India many centuries years ago. The medieval period saw the emphasis on producing war implements and the Shahi Karkhanas came up and master craftsmen from West Asia came to make large iron cannons which started replacing bronze cannons.The remarkable skills of the Indian Metallurgists did get lost to the world during British rule possibly due to the 1857 mutiny after which making of firearms including the famous swords was halted. Mines were closed and even the miners were extinct. The arrival of the British saw the synergy of indigenous Indian metallurgy and western technology. Later came up the Indian Iron and Steel company and Tata Iron and Steel companies.This book is an introduction to the history of metallurgy in India since Ancient times.
Mining And Metallurgy In Ancient India
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Author : Rina Shrivastava
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Mining And Metallurgy In Ancient India written by Rina Shrivastava and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Illustrations: 4 Maps and 47 B/w Illustrations Description: This is one of the few well documented, well-researched and well-presented book on the history of mining and metallurgy in ancient India based on archaeological, literary and ethnological evidences and on first hand knowledge of various mining sites. Apart from the introduction and conclusion, this work of about 300 pages consists chapters on mineral ores in ancient India, gold, silver, copper and bronze, iron and zinc. This book also contains 4 maps and 47 illustrations.
A History Of Metallurgy
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Author : R. F. Tylecote
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1976
A History Of Metallurgy written by R. F. Tylecote and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1976 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Technologie - Siedlung - Gold - Silber
History Of Metals In Eastern India And Bangladesh
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Author : Pranab K. Chattopadhyay
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011-01-30
History Of Metals In Eastern India And Bangladesh written by Pranab K. Chattopadhyay and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-01-30 with History categories.
Examines the wonderful metallurgical traditions of Eastern India and Bangladesh. The book focuses on important metal objects that have been unearthed from excavations or obtained by explorations from various places to build up a cogent account of the traditional science and technology of metals in the region.
Indian Metallurgy
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Author : R. Divakar
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-11-15
Indian Metallurgy written by R. Divakar and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-11-15 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The book marks the Platinum Jubilee of the Indian Institute of Metals, closely matching independent India's age. It is envisaged as a compilation of technical articles tracing the birth and growth trajectory of metallurgical science, engineering and technology in the nation, attempting a degree of prognostication covering the next quarter of a century. It contains the essence of the metallurgical research and development and industrial progress India has witnessed in the last 75 years. This book comprises technical articles written by industry leaders and eminent technocrats. It includes overviews by distinguished researchers who have strived to build foundations of new metallurgical research and engineering fields. It includes learned writings of persons associated with premier institutions heavily dependent on metallurgy and materials. They have made seminal contributions by nurturing the growth of metallurgical research and industrial production or have made first-hand contributions to building the great organisations we have today. Coinciding with the Platinum Jubilee year of the Indian Institute of Metals, this book brings out the enormous efforts of these individuals representing their organisations to share insights that led to their success as an entity. Similarly, several professionals who significantly contributed to the understanding of metallurgical engineering, have held important positions and steered the national strategic programmes or academically nurtured students in their illustrious careers also share their journey in this book. This book chronicles the significant advances made in the field of metallurgical science, engineering and technology in India, presenting the historical perspective and prospects in the format of a technical volume.
A History Of Metallurgy
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Author : Ronald Frank Tylecote
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1979
A History Of Metallurgy written by Ronald Frank Tylecote and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with categories.
History Of Science And Technology In India Coins Metallurgy
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Author : G. Kuppuram
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
History Of Science And Technology In India Coins Metallurgy written by G. Kuppuram and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Medicine, Ayurvedic categories.
Minerals And Metals In Pre Modern India
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Author : Arun Kumar Biswas
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Minerals And Metals In Pre Modern India written by Arun Kumar Biswas and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with History categories.
Professor Biswas Examines The Fascinating Indigenous Gems, Non-Gem Minerals, Metals And Metallic Art Of India From Ad 1200 Onwards To Almost The Threshold Of Modern Times, Focusing On Iron And Steel, Brass And Zinc In Pre-Modern India And The Superb Vitality Of Its Artisan S Tradition.
Iron In Ancient India
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Author : Panchanan Neogi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Iron In Ancient India written by Panchanan Neogi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with India categories.
The present volume gives a detail account of which were found in ancient Hindu states knowledge of metals of ancient Hindus particularly the knowledge of Iron. It has been now prove that the uses of iron were perfectly known to the Aryans. As regards Archaeological evidence one can see that ancient specimense of iron are so much abundant in India that an enumeration of that alone will convince any one to think seriously that India has always been a rich iron-producing country. The great iron pillors of Delhi are well known to the scholar of ancient history. Above these iron pillor was noticed the Dhara to known as a reference. Mount Abu Pillars are also known as historic evidence of which evidence of which is nearly double as the Delhi will as and other is mount Abu Pillar. The author has proved that the crucial process of making casted by means of cementation was really an Indian invention, and it was not till the 19th century that Mushet, rediscovered the process in Europe. In addition, the present book with rare photograph and two valuable appendices along with general index are of great importance.
History Of Iron Technology In India
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Author : Vibha Tripathi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
History Of Iron Technology In India written by Vibha Tripathi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with India categories.
This book presents a comprehensive history of Iron Technology in India. It covers the long span of Indian history stretching over roughly three and a half millennia from the first half of the second millennium BCE to pre-modern times. One can trace the development of iron technology from the humble beginnings in a chalcolithic milieu followed by the technological evolution reaching the peaks of iron technology of the colossal structures of the Delhi Iron Pillar weighing several tons by early centuries of the Christian Era. The metallurgical expertise and the ingenuity of artisans find expression in the production of wootz steel swords with their intriguing rippling patterns. These swords and daggers were highly prized in the ancient world. They were marketed by the enterprising sailors of the Middle East at lucrative profits. The sword of Tipu Sultan is indeed a legend. The iron and steel industry in India was flourishing till the eighteenth-nineteenth century CE. The quality of the product was superior enough to be prized by the European world, viz. by the Dutch, the Spanish and the British up to pre-modern times. Iron produced at Tendukhera was imported by Britain to be used in bridges across Menai Strait and also in the London Bridge. However; one perceives a decline in traditional iron industry during the British period. Iron working could manage to survive till a few decades back among the ethnic societies who had been engaged in it for generations. The book incorporates results of a first-hand study of these traditional iron-workers, who may be termed as bearers of the legacy which had a glorious past but a very uncertain future.