A Plan For A Research Program On Aerosol Radiative Forcing And Climate Change
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A Plan For A Research Program On Aerosol Radiative Forcing And Climate Change
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Author : Panel on Aerosol Radiative Forcing and Climate Change
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1996-05-01
A Plan For A Research Program On Aerosol Radiative Forcing And Climate Change written by Panel on Aerosol Radiative Forcing and Climate Change and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-05-01 with Science categories.
This book recommends the initiation of an "integrated" research program to study the role of aerosols in the predicted global climate change. Current understanding suggest that, even now, aerosols, primarily from anthropogenic sources, may be reducing the rate of warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions. In addition to specific research recommendations, this book forcefully argues for two kinds of research program integration: integration of the individual laboratory, field, and theoretical research activities and an integrated management structure that involves all of the concerned federal agencies.
A Plan For A Research Program On Aerosol Radiative Forcing And Climate Change
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Author : Panel on Aerosol Radiative Forcing and Climate Change
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1996-05-01
A Plan For A Research Program On Aerosol Radiative Forcing And Climate Change written by Panel on Aerosol Radiative Forcing and Climate Change and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-05-01 with Science categories.
This book recommends the initiation of an "integrated" research program to study the role of aerosols in the predicted global climate change. Current understanding suggest that, even now, aerosols, primarily from anthropogenic sources, may be reducing the rate of warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions. In addition to specific research recommendations, this book forcefully argues for two kinds of research program integration: integration of the individual laboratory, field, and theoretical research activities and an integrated management structure that involves all of the concerned federal agencies.
Thinking Strategically
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2005-10-15
Thinking Strategically written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-10-15 with Science categories.
The Climate Change Science Program (CCSP) and its predecessor U.S. Global Change Research Program have sponsored climate research and observations for nearly 15 years, yet the overall progress of the program has not been measured systematically. Metricsâ€"a system of measurement that includes the item being measured, the unit of measurement, and the value of the unitâ€"offer a tool for measuring such progress; improving program performance; and demonstrating program successes to Congress, the Office of Management and Budget, and the public. This report lays out a framework for creating and implementing metrics for the CCSP. A general set of metrics provides a starting point for identifying the most important measures, and the principles provide guidance for refining the metrics and avoiding unintended consequences.
Modeling Activities In The Department Of Energy S Atmospheric Sciences Program
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Modeling Activities In The Department Of Energy S Atmospheric Sciences Program written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
The Department of Energy's Atmospheric Science Program (ASP) conducts research pertinent to radiative forcing of climate change by atmospheric aerosols. The program consists of approximately 40 highly interactive peer-reviewed research projects that examine aerosol properties and processes and the evolution of aerosols in the atmosphere. Principal components of the program are instrument development, laboratory experiments, field studies, theoretical investigations, and modeling. The objectives of the Program are to 1) improve the understanding of aerosol processes associated with light scattering and absorption properties and interactions with clouds that affect Earth's radiative balance and to 2) develop model-based representations of these processes that enable the effects of aerosols on Earth's climate system to be properly represented in global-scale numerical climate models. Although only a few of the research projects within ASP are explicitly identified as primarily modeling activities, modeling actually comprises a substantial component of a large fraction of ASP research projects. This document describes the modeling activities within the Program as a whole, the objectives and intended outcomes of these activities, and the linkages among the several modeling components and with global-scale modeling activities conducted under the support of the Department of Energy's Climate Sciences Program and other aerosol and climate research programs.
Aerosol Forcing Of Climate
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Author : R. J. Charlson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995-08-24
Aerosol Forcing Of Climate written by R. J. Charlson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-08-24 with Nature categories.
Global climate change as a consequence of anthropogenic changes in the chemical composition of the atmosphere poses scientific questions of a nature and interdisciplinary scope that are unprecedented. Uncertainties in the climate forecast are large and thus far have hampered the establishment of a clear world plan for preventing or mitigating against unacceptable effects. The forecast of global and regional climate changes depends upon the development of a sound understanding of the factors that change the global heat balance and thus influence the climate. Changes in heat balance due to anthropogenic or externally imposed changes in the chemical composition of the atmosphere are referred to as forcings. While the uncertainties in the global mean greenhouse-gas forcing are not negligible (??? 15%), uncertainties in forcings by changes in the atmospheric aerosol and in clouds are much larger, and in some cases even include uncertainty in the sign of the forcing. Reductionist science, with its compartmentalized disciplines, has not coped effectively with the scientific problems of aerosols and their effects, largely because of a need for simultaneous consideration of chemical processes, chemical properties, physical properties, and a wide variety of physical processes and consequences. In the case of natural aerosols and their effects on clouds, it is even necessary to include studies of microbiology and of biochemistry. This volume ? the record of intense, interdisciplinary debate between atmospheric chemists, meteorologists, physicists, and biogeochemists - considers the subset of climate forcings due to atmospheric aerosols, with particular emphasis on integrating the necessary disciplinary components. It is truly unique in its interdisciplinary approach. The information contained in the overview papers and summary reports will be of interest to policymakers and scientists alike. Goal of this Dahlem Workshop to assess the controlling factors, geographic and temporal variations of the radiative properties of atmospheric aerosols, and to examine the extent to which their forcing through direct and indirect effects counteracts greenhouse-gas forcing on regional and global climate.
Atmospheric Aerosol Properties And Climate Impacts
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Author : Mian Chin
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 2009-05
Atmospheric Aerosol Properties And Climate Impacts written by Mian Chin and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-05 with Science categories.
This Synthesis and Assessment Product (SAP) critically reviews current knowledge about global distributions and properties of atmospheric aerosols, as they relate to aerosol impacts on climate. It assesses possible next steps aimed at substantially reducing uncertainties in aerosol radiative forcing estimates. Current measurement techniques and modeling approaches are summarized, providing context. The objectives of this report are: (1) to promote a consensus about the knowledge base for climate change decision support; and (2) to provide a synthesis and integration of the current knowledge of the climate-relevant impacts of anthropogenic aerosols. Illustrations.
Atmospheric Aerosol Properties And Climate Impacts
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Atmospheric Aerosol Properties And Climate Impacts written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Atmospheric ozone categories.
Implementation Of The Missing Aerosol Physics Into Llnl Impact
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Implementation Of The Missing Aerosol Physics Into Llnl Impact written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.
In recent assessments of climate forcing, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change lists aerosol as one o f the most important anthropogenic agents that influence climate. Atmospheric aerosols directly affect the radiative fluxes at the surface and top of the Earth's atmosphere by scattering and/or absorbing radiation. Further, aerosols indirectly change cloud microphysical properties (such as cloud drop effective radius) that also affect the radiative fluxes. However, the estimate of the magnitude of aerosol climatic effect varies widely, and aerosol/cloud interactions remain one of the most uncertain aspects of climate models today. The Atmospheric Sciences Division has formulated a plan to enhance and expand our modeling expertise in aerosol/cloud/climate interactions. Under previous LDRD support, we successfully developed a computationally efficient version of IMPACT to simulate aerosol climatology. This new version contains a compact chemical mechanism for the prediction of sulfate and also predicts the distributions of organic carbon (OC), black carbon (BC), dust, and sea salt. Furthermore, we implemented a radiation package into IMPACT to calculate the radiative forcing and heating/cooling rates by aerosols. This accomplishment built the foundation of our currently funded projects under the NASA Global Modeling and Analysis Program as well as the DOE Atmospheric Radiation Program. Despite the fact that our research is being recognized as an important effort to quantify the effects of anthropogenic aerosols on climate, the major shortcoming of our previous simulations on aerosol climatic effects is the over simplification of spatial and temporal variations of aerosol size distributions that are shaped by complicated nucleation, growth, transport and removal processes. Virtually all properties of atmospheric aerosols and clouds depend strongly on aerosol size distribution. Moreover, molecular processing on aerosol surfaces alters the hygroscopic characteristics and composition of aerosols. These processes, together with other physical properties (i.e., size, density, and refractive index), determine the atmospheric lifetime of aerosols and their radiative forcing. To better represent physical properties of aerosols, we adapted an aerosol microphysics model that simulates aerosol size distribution. Work toward this goal was done in collaboration with Professor Anthony Wexler of University of California at Davis. Professor Wexler's group has developed sectional models of atmospheric aerosol dynamics that include an arbitrary number of size sections and chemical compounds or compound classes. The model, AIM (Aerosol Inorganic Model), is designed to predict the mass distribution and composition of urban and regional particulate matter (''Sun and Wexler'', 1998a, b). This model is currently incorporated into EPA's Models-3 air quality modeling platform/CMAQ (Community Multiscale Air Quality) to test its performance with previous simulations of CMAQ over the continental US.
Evaluating Progress Of The U S Climate Change Science Program
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2007-12-28
Evaluating Progress Of The U S Climate Change Science Program written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-12-28 with Science categories.
The U.S. Climate Change Science Program (CCSP) coordinates the efforts of 13 federal agencies to understand why climate is changing, to improve predictions about how it will change in the future, and to use that information to assess impacts on human systems and ecosystems and to better support decision making. Evaluating Progress of the U.S. Climate Change Science Program is the first review of the CCSP's progress since the program was established in 2002. It lays out a method for evaluating the CCSP, and uses that method to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the entire program and to identify areas where progress has not met expectations. The committee found that the program has made good progress in documenting and understanding temperature trends and related environmental changes on a global scale, as well as in understanding the influence of human activities on these observed changes. The ability to predict future climate changes also has improved, but efforts to understand the impacts of such changes on society and analyze mitigation and adaptation strategies are still relatively immature. The program also has not met expectations in supporting decision making, studying regional impacts, and communicating with a wider group of stakeholders.
Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Plan
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Plan written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Atmospheric radiation categories.