A Short Note On Aggregating Productivity
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A Short Note On Aggregating Productivity
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Author : David Rezza Baqaee
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
A Short Note On Aggregating Productivity written by David Rezza Baqaee and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Industrial productivity categories.
This paper provides two simple and economically-interpretable decompositions for aggregate productivity analysis in the presence of distortions and in general equilibrium. In the process, we propose a new "distorted" Solow residual which, contrary to the traditional Solow residual, accurately measures changes in aggregate productivity in disaggregated economies with distortions. Our formulas apply to any collection of producers ranging from one isolated producer to an industry or to an entire economy. They can be useful for empiricists and theorists alike. Potential applications of these formulas include: (1) decomposing aggregate productivity into its microeconomic sources, separating technical and allocative efficiency; (2) aggregating microeconomic estimates (for example, from natural experiments) to assess macroeconomic effects; (3) constructing and interpreting aggregate counterfactuals. Despite their simplicity, the formulas are general, allowing for production networks, multi-product firms, and non-constant returns. They are also entirely nonparametric. They only assume market clearing and cost minimization.
Essays On Aggregate Productivity
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Author : Jan Grobovšek
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Essays On Aggregate Productivity written by Jan Grobovšek and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Aquesta tesis tracta sobre les diferències en la productivitat agregada del treball entre diferents economies. Gran part de la diversitat en rendes que observem entre països té a veure amb les diferències en productivitat. Per tant, sembla clar que part del patiment humà podria ser alleugerit augmentant l'eficiència en la producció. Aquest objectiu requereix tenir una idea qualitativa i quantitativa de les barreres que ens separen del seu assoliment. Evidentment, la productivitat ha sigut quelcom estudiat pels economistes d'ençà l'Economia inicià el seus passos. No obstant, malgrat la seva importància, o potser precisament per a la seva importància, aquesta àrea de recerca encara ofereix un gran marge d'exploració. En els següents capítols tractaré aquest tema des de diversos angles i utilitzant diferents tècniques però sempre amb el mateix objectiu. El primer capítol, titulat Comptabilitat en el Desenvolupament i Béns Intermedis, gira entorn a la pregunta de si els béns intermedis són part important en explicar les diferències, relatives i agregades, en la productivitat entre països. Tres observacions suggereixen que així és: (i) els béns intermedis són relativament més cars en els països pobres; (ii) les indústries productores de béns demanden béns intermedis amb més intensitat que aquelles que produeixen serveis; (iii) les indústries productores de béns són més prominents com a oferents de béns intermedis en els països pobres. Construeixo un model de creixement multisectorial estàndard que té en compte els tres fets anomenats anteriorment per mostrar que la producció ineficient de béns intermedis afecta negativament la productivitat agregada i augmenta la ràtio de preus entre béns i serveis. Aplicant el model a les dades dels països de renda mitjana i alta, trobo que aquells països més pobres tan sols són una mica més ineficients produint béns que serveis però, en canvi, són molt ineficients produint béns intermedis respecte béns finals i serveis. Si tots els països tinguessin la mateixa eficiència produint béns intermedis que té l'economia d'EE.UU., el model prediu que la diferencia de productivitat entre entre els països de renda més baixa i els de renda més alta, de la mostra, es reduiria en gairebé dos terços mentre les diferencies en el ràtio de preus finals entre països pràcticament desapareixeria. El segon capítol, titulat Delegació de Gestió i Productivitat Agregada, proposa un nou mecanisme per explicar perquè les empreses dels països de renda baixa estan mal gestionades, i quantifica la pèrdua de productivitat resultant. Primer, presento evidència empírica sobre la significativa correlació entre la proporció de treballadors dedicats a la gestió i les garanties de compliment de contractes entre països. En segon lloc, construeixo un model tractable que captura els avantatges de delegar tasques en grans organitzacions. En el model també té lloc un problema de risc moral entre el propietari de la companyia i els gestors de la mateixa. Quan les garanties contractuals no son efectives, és a dir, quan els gestors poden apoderar-se de rendes empresarials, això limita la capacitat de la companyia per créixer i arribar al nivell òptim de gestors. En tercer lloc, utilitzo una versió calibrada del model per a mesurar l'efecte de reduir les garanties per al compliment de contractes. Comparat amb la referència en el nivell de garanties contractuals d'EE.UU., cap tipus de garantia redueix la proporció agregada de gestors en 10 punts percentuals, caracteristic de països amb un nivell de renda d'un desè respecte EE.UU. La pèrdua associada en productivitat es, aproximadament, de 18 punts percentuals. Estadístics addicionals sobre la mida mitjana de les empreses, l'autoocupació i la dispersió de la productivitat ofereixen validació addicional dels resultats. El tercer capítol, titulat Imposició Progresiva i Productivitat Agregada i escrit conjuntament amb en Tomaz Cajner, ofereix una teoria sobre com la imposició progressiva del treball pot afectar la decisió individual d'esdevenir emprenedors o ser treballadors assalariats. Els emprenedors viuen en un entorn amb friccions per a la recerca d'empreses. Un cop fet l'emparellament, s'assumeix una negociació sobre els beneficis del mateix. Quan els impostos són més progressius, aquells projectes més arriscats esdevenen menys lucratius i, per tant, la cua dreta de la distribució dels ingressos es redueix. S'utilitza el model per entrellaçar tres fenòmens macroeconomics importants que han tingut lloc les ultimes dues o tres dècades en els països desenvolupats: el descens de la imposició marginal del treball per les rendes més altes, l'augment de la desigualtat i la reobertura de l'escletxa de productivitat entre EE.UU. i Europa. Una versió parametritzada del model és capaç de generar els dos últims fets com a resultat d'un descens de la imposició sobre el treball de les rendes més altes. No obstant, els resultats quantitatius del model no estan d'acord amb les dades observades.
Productivity And The Pandemic
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Author : Philip McCann
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2021-01-29
Productivity And The Pandemic written by Philip McCann and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-01-29 with Business & Economics categories.
This forward-thinking book examines the potential impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on productivity. Productivity and the Pandemic features 21 chapters authored by 46 experts, examining different aspects of how the pandemic is likely to impact on the economy, society and governance in the medium- and long-term. Drawing on a range of empirical evidence, analytical arguments and new conceptual insights, the book challenges our thinking on many dimensions. With a keen focus on place, firms, production factors and institutions, the chapters highlight how the pre-existing challenges to productivity have been variously exacerbated and mitigated by the pandemic and points out ways forward for appropriate policy thinking in response to the crisis.
New Developments In Productivity Analysis
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Author : Charles R. Hulten
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2007-11-01
New Developments In Productivity Analysis written by Charles R. Hulten and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-11-01 with Medical categories.
The productivity slowdown of the 1970s and 1980s and the resumption of productivity growth in the 1990s have provoked controversy among policymakers and researchers. Economists have been forced to reexamine fundamental questions of measurement technique. Some researchers argue that econometric approaches to productivity measurement usefully address shortcomings of the dominant index number techniques while others maintain that current productivity statistics underreport damage to the environment. In this book, the contributors propose innovative approaches to these issues. The result is a state-of-the-art exposition of contemporary productivity analysis. Charles R. Hulten is professor of economics at the University of Maryland. He has been a senior research associate at the Urban Institute and is chair of the Conference on Research in Income and Wealth of the National Bureau of Economic Research. Michael Harper is chief of the Division of Productivity Research at the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Edwin R. Dean, formerly associate commissioner for Productivity and Technology at the Bureau of Labor Statistics, is adjunct professor of economics at The George Washington University.
Measuring Capital In The New Economy
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Author : Carol Corrado
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2009-02-15
Measuring Capital In The New Economy written by Carol Corrado and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-02-15 with Business & Economics categories.
As the accelerated technological advances of the past two decades continue to reshape the United States' economy, intangible assets and high-technology investments are taking larger roles. These developments have raised a number of concerns, such as: how do we measure intangible assets? Are we accurately appraising newer, high-technology capital? The answers to these questions have broad implications for the assessment of the economy's growth over the long term, for the pace of technological advancement in the economy, and for estimates of the nation's wealth. In Measuring Capital in the New Economy, Carol Corrado, John Haltiwanger, Daniel Sichel, and a host of distinguished collaborators offer new approaches for measuring capital in an economy that is increasingly dominated by high-technology capital and intangible assets. As the contributors show, high-tech capital and intangible assets affect the economy in ways that are notoriously difficult to appraise. In this detailed and thorough analysis of the problem and its solutions, the contributors study the nature of these relationships and provide guidance as to what factors should be included in calculations of different types of capital for economists, policymakers, and the financial and accounting communities alike.
Census Of Service Industries
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1977
Census Of Service Industries written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with Service industries categories.
The Aggregate Production Function And The Measurement Of Technical Change
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Author : Jesus Felipe
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2013-10-31
The Aggregate Production Function And The Measurement Of Technical Change written by Jesus Felipe and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-31 with Business & Economics categories.
This authoritative and stimulating book represents a fundamental critique of the aggregate production function, a concept widely used in macroeconomics.
Handbook On Constructing Composite Indicators Methodology And User Guide
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2008-08-22
Handbook On Constructing Composite Indicators Methodology And User Guide written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-08-22 with categories.
A guide for constructing and using composite indicators for policy makers, academics, the media and other interested parties. In particular, this handbook is concerned with indicators which compare and rank country performance.
China S Productivity Convergence And Growth Potential A Stocktaking And Sectoral Approach
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Author : Min Zhu
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2019-11-27
China S Productivity Convergence And Growth Potential A Stocktaking And Sectoral Approach written by Min Zhu and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-27 with Business & Economics categories.
China’s growth potential has become a hotly debated topic as the economy has reached an income level susceptible to the “middle-income trap” and financial vulnerabilities are mounting after years of rapid credit expansion. However, the existing literature has largely focused on macro level aggregates, which are ill suited to understanding China’s significant structural transformation and its impact on economic growth. To fill the gap, this paper takes a deep dive into China’s convergence progress in 38 industrial sectors and 11 services sectors, examines past sectoral transitions, and predicts future shifts. We find that China’s productivity convergence remains at an early stage, with the industrial sector more advanced than services. Large variations exist among subsectors, with high-tech industrial sectors, in particular the ICT sector, lagging low-tech sectors. Going forward, ample room remains for further convergence, but the shrinking distance to the frontier, the structural shift from industry to services, and demographic changes will put sustained downward pressure on growth, which could slow to 5 percent by 2025 and 4 percent by 2030. Digitalization, SOE reform, and services sector opening up could be three major forces boosting future growth, while the risks of a financial crisis and a reversal in global integration in trade and technology could slow the pace of convergence.
Producer Dynamics
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Author : Timothy Dunne
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2009-05-15
Producer Dynamics written by Timothy Dunne and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-05-15 with Business & Economics categories.
The Census Bureau has recently begun releasing official statistics that measure the movements of firms in and out of business and workers in and out of jobs. The economic analyses in Producer Dynamics exploit this newly available data on establishments, firms, and workers, to address issues in industrial organization, labor, growth, macroeconomics, and international trade. This innovative volume brings together a group of renowned economists to probe topics such as firm dynamics across countries; patterns of employment dynamics; firm dynamics in nonmanufacturing industries such as retail, health services, and agriculture; employer-employee turnover from matched worker/firm data sets; and turnover in international markets. Producer Dynamics will serve as an invaluable reference to economists and policy makers seeking to understand the links between firms and workers, and the sources of economic dynamics, in the age of globalization.