Abduction And Induction
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Abduction And Induction
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Author : P.A. Flach
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-04-18
Abduction And Induction written by P.A. Flach and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-18 with Mathematics categories.
From the very beginning of their investigation of human reasoning, philosophers have identified two other forms of reasoning, besides deduction, which we now call abduction and induction. Deduction is now fairly well understood, but abduction and induction have eluded a similar level of understanding. The papers collected here address the relationship between abduction and induction and their possible integration. The approach is sometimes philosophical, sometimes that of pure logic, and some papers adopt the more task-oriented approach of AI. The book will command the attention of philosophers, logicians, AI researchers and computer scientists in general.
Abduction And Induction
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Author : P. A. Flach
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014-01-15
Abduction And Induction written by P. A. Flach and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-15 with categories.
Abduction Reason And Science
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Author : L. Magnani
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-06-27
Abduction Reason And Science written by L. Magnani and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06-27 with Science categories.
This book ties together the concerns of philosophers of science and AI researchers, showing for example the connections between scientific thinking and medical expert systems. It lays out a useful general framework for discussion of a variety of kinds of abduction. It develops important ideas about aspects of abductive reasoning that have been relatively neglected in cognitive science, including the use of visual and temporal representations and the role of abduction in the withdrawal of hypotheses.
Medical Reasoning
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Author : Erwin B. Montgomery
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2018-11-14
Medical Reasoning written by Erwin B. Montgomery and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-14 with Medical categories.
Modern medicine is one of humankind's greatest achievements.Yet today, frequent medical errors and irreproducibility in biomedical research suggest that tremendous challenges beset it. Understanding these challenges and trying to remedy them have driven considerable and thoughtful critical analyses, but the apparent intransigence of these problems suggests a different perspective is needed. Now more than ever, when we see options and opportunities for healthcare expanding while resources are diminishing, it is extremely important that healthcare professionals practice medicine wisely. In Medical Reasoning, neurologist Erwin B. Montgomery, Jr. offers a new and vital perspective. He begins with the idea that the need for certainty in medical decision-making has been the primary driving force in medical reasoning. Doctors must routinely confront countless manifestations of symptoms, diseases, or behaviors in their patients. Therefore, either there are as many different "diseases" as there are patients or some economical set of principles and facts can be combined to explain each patient's disease. The response to this epistemic conundrum has driven medicine throughout history: the challenge is to discover principles and facts and then to develop means to apply them to each unique patient in a manner that provides certainty. This book studies the nature of medical decision making systematically and rigorously in both an analytic and historical context, addressing medicine's unique need for certainty in the face of the enormous variety of diseases and in the manifestations of the same disease in different patients. The book also examines how the social, legal, and economic circumstances in which medical decision-making occurs greatly influence the nature of medical reasoning. Medical Reasoning is essential for those at the intersection of healthcare and philosophy.
Peirce S Theory Of Abduction
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Author : KT Fann
language : en
Publisher: Partridge Publishing Singapore
Release Date : 2020-10-15
Peirce S Theory Of Abduction written by KT Fann and has been published by Partridge Publishing Singapore this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-15 with Philosophy categories.
This monograph attempts to clarify one significant but much neglected aspect of Peirce’s contribution to the Philosophy of Science. Peirce claimed that besides deduction and induction there was another type of reasoning which he called abduction. Abduction is the reasoning process by which new ideas, explanatory hypotheses, and scientific theories are engendered. It is the logic of discovery and the essence of Pierce’s pragmatism. Peirce returned repeatedly to the investigation of the logic of abduction during his long creative life. His writings on the subject are typically fragmentary and diverse. They fall roughly into two periods. In the early period Peirce treated inference, and hence abduction, as an evidencing process. The three kinds of inference were considered independent forms of reasoning. In the later period the concept of inference was widened to include methodological as well as evidencing process. The three types of reasoning became three stages of inquiry. The author has reconstructed a consistant account of Peirce’s theory of abduction. In Part I the attention is focused on the chronological development of Peirce’s early theory, so that the later theory may be understood more clearly in the light of the earlier views. Part II contains a systematic presentation of the later theory and a critical analysis of Peirce’s contribution to the study of the logic of discovery.
Model Based Reasoning In Science And Technology
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Author : Lorenzo Magnani
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2010-09-24
Model Based Reasoning In Science And Technology written by Lorenzo Magnani and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-09-24 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Systematically presented to enhance the feasibility of fuzzy models, this book introduces the novel concept of a fuzzy network whose nodes are rule bases and their interconnections are interactions between rule bases in the form of outputs fed as inputs.
Abductive Reasoning And Learning
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Author : Dov M. Gabbay
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-04-17
Abductive Reasoning And Learning written by Dov M. Gabbay and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-17 with Mathematics categories.
This book contains leading survey papers on the various aspects of Abduction, both logical and numerical approaches. Abduction is central to all areas of applied reasoning, including artificial intelligence, philosophy of science, machine learning, data mining and decision theory, as well as logic itself.
The Sage Handbook Of Qualitative Data Analysis
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Author : Uwe Flick
language : en
Publisher: SAGE
Release Date : 2013-12-18
The Sage Handbook Of Qualitative Data Analysis written by Uwe Flick and has been published by SAGE this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-18 with Social Science categories.
The wide range of approaches to data analysis in qualitative research can seem daunting even for experienced researchers. This handbook is the first to provide a state-of-the art overview of the whole field of QDA; from general analytic strategies used in qualitative research, to approaches specific to particular types of qualitative data, including talk, text, sounds, images and virtual data. The handbook includes chapters on traditional analytic strategies such as grounded theory, content analysis, hermeneutics, phenomenology and narrative analysis, as well as coverage of newer trends like mixed methods, reanalysis and meta-analysis. Practical aspects such as sampling, transcription, working collaboratively, writing and implementation are given close attention, as are theory and theorization, reflexivity, and ethics. Written by a team of experts in qualitative research from around the world, this handbook is an essential compendium for all qualitative researchers and students across the social sciences.
Induction And Deduction In The Sciences
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Author : F. Stadler
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2004-04-30
Induction And Deduction In The Sciences written by F. Stadler and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-04-30 with Science categories.
The articles in this volume deal with the main inferential methods that can be applied to different kinds of experimental evidence. These contributions - accompanied with critical comments - by renowned scholars in the field of philosophy of science aim at removing the traditional opposition between inductivists and deductivists. They explore the different methods of explanation and justification in the sciences in different contexts and with different objectives. The volume contains contributions on methods of the sciences, especially on induction, deduction, abduction, laws, probability and explanation, ranging from logic, mathematics, natural to the social sciences. They present a highly topical pluralist re-evaluation of methodological and foundational procedures and reasoning, e.g. focusing in Bayesianism and Artificial Intelligence. They document the second international conference in Vienna on "Induction and Deduction in the Sciences" as part of the Scientific Network on "Historical and Contemporary Perspectives of Philosophy of Science in Europe", funded by the European Science Foundation (ESF).
Truth Seeking By Abduction
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Author : Ilkka Niiniluoto
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-10-24
Truth Seeking By Abduction written by Ilkka Niiniluoto and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-24 with Philosophy categories.
This book examines the philosophical conception of abductive reasoning as developed by Charles S. Peirce, the founder of American pragmatism. It explores the historical and systematic connections of Peirce's original ideas and debates about their interpretations. Abduction is understood in a broad sense which covers the discovery and pursuit of hypotheses and inference to the best explanation. The analysis presents fresh insights into this notion of reasoning, which derives from effects to causes or from surprising observations to explanatory theories. The author outlines some logical and AI approaches to abduction as well as studies various kinds of inverse problems in astronomy, physics, medicine, biology, and human sciences to provide examples of retroductions and abductions. The discussion covers also everyday examples with the implication of this notion in detective stories, one of Peirce’s own favorite themes. The author uses Bayesian probabilities to argue that explanatory abduction is a method of confirmation. He uses his own account of truth approximation to reformulate abduction as inference which leads to the truthlikeness of its conclusion. This allows a powerful abductive defense of scientific realism. This up-to-date survey and defense of the Peircean view of abduction may very well help researchers, students, and philosophers better understand the logic of truth-seeking.