Accessibility Equity And Efficiency
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Accessibility Equity And Efficiency
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Author : Karst T. Geurs
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Accessibility Equity And Efficiency written by Karst T. Geurs and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
The tension between efficiency and equity has been the focus of major debate since equity aspects started to be considered as part of project evaluation procedures (Thomopoulos et al. 2009). In this book, we contribute to the debate by focusing on the links and trade-offs between accessibility, economic efficiency and equity in both the developed and developing country contexts.
Accessibility Equity And Efficiency
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Author : Karst T. Geurs
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2016-02-26
Accessibility Equity And Efficiency written by Karst T. Geurs and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-02-26 with Business & Economics categories.
Leading researchers from around the world show, in this volume, the importance of accessibility in contemporary issues such as rural depopulation, investments in public services and public transport, and transport infrastructure investments in Europe. The trade-offs between accessibility, economic development and equity are comprehensively examined, and a variety of approaches to measuring accessibility and equality presented. The book’s interdisciplinary contributions also provide different geographical contexts, from the US to various European and developing countries, and cover ex ante and ex post evaluation of transport investment. Improving transport accessibility is a main objective in transport policy and planning in developed and developing countries all over the world. Investment is motivated by the need to develop and/or reduce spatial or social inequalities. However, the economic and equity implications of investments in transport are not straightforward. The concepts of accessibility and equity can be defined and operationalized in many different ways, influencing outcomes and conclusions. Moreover, equity and efficiency goals are often conflicting. Accessibility models not only help to explain spatial and transport patterns in developed and developing countries but are also powerful tools to explain the equity and efficiency impacts of urban and transport policies and projects. This state-of-the-art overview of the accessibility–economic efficiency–equity relationship will appeal to researchers as well as transport and urban planners interested in accessibility issues and transport/regional developments.
Reconciling Efficiency And Equity
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Author : Damien Gerard
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2019-05-09
Reconciling Efficiency And Equity written by Damien Gerard and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-09 with Law categories.
Provides a new conceptualization of competition law as economic inequality and its interaction with efficiency become of central concern to policy and decision-makers.
Equity And Well Being
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Author : Hyun Hwa Son
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-04-03
Equity And Well Being written by Hyun Hwa Son and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-03 with Business & Economics categories.
Equity is an abstract concept covering philosophical issues such as fairness and social justice, making its definition and measurement complex. This volume tackles these complexities head-on. The book is enriched with many empirical analyses and provides a comprehensive analysis of equity ranging from concepts and measurements to empirical illustrations and policy implications. After an extensive discussion on equity in the introduction, this volume begins with a chapter on well-being where the concepts of functioning and capability are discussed. This is followed by a few chapters on what an equitable distribution is and how equity can be measured. The volume then provides a definition and a methodology to measure equitable growth, examining the relationship between growth, inequality, and poverty. It also presents various empirical illustrations and country-specific experiences with three country case studies which assess whether publicly provided health and education services are equitable in developing Asia, examining the extent to which these social services favor the poor as well as the policy challenges to a more equitable delivery of these services. Finally, these country studies provide evidence–based policy recommendations to improve equity in social service delivery in developing countries. Achieving social equity has long been an important policy goal. There are relatively few studies on equity. This book aims to help fill this gap with an in-depth analysis of the issues associated with equity, covering its concept, measurement, and policy practices and implications.
Efficiency And Equity In Welfare Economics
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Author : Pier Carlo Nicola
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-08-31
Efficiency And Equity In Welfare Economics written by Pier Carlo Nicola and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-08-31 with Business & Economics categories.
Increasing efficiency in generating national income and improving equity in its distribution among economic agents is at the forefront of priorities of most modern economies. This book presents a model which aims to maximize a symmetrical welfare function under certain constraints which consider both efficiency and equity, i.e. taxes and subsidies, implemented by a public authority. The model is numerically implemented and considers a set of economic agents with starting incomes that satisfy Pareto income law under various values of the alpha parameter. Also, the model implementations respect the social production function. Various experiments are presented which show how income inequality (measured by means of the Lorenz curve and, what I call, the Lorenz-Gini inequality index) and measures of poverty are sensibly reduced by redistributing national income without lowering efficiency in production. A case study, or application, of Italian personal income in 2008 is also presented.
Efficiency Equality And Public Policy
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Author : Y. Ng
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2000-04-19
Efficiency Equality And Public Policy written by Y. Ng and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-04-19 with Business & Economics categories.
This book provides compelling arguments for the exclusive concern with efficiency ('a dollar is a dollar') in all specific areas of public economic policy, leaving the objective of equality to be achieved through the general tax/transfer system. Public policies should ultimately maximize the sum of individual welfares which should be individual happiness rather than preferences. Relative-income and environmental disruption effects cause a bias in favour of private spending which is no longer conducive to happiness socially. Welfare can be increased more by higher public spending on research and environmental protection, including the perfection of the techniques of brain stimulation to increase happiness.
Efficiency Equality And The Ownership Of Property Routledge Revivals
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Author : James E. Meade
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-05-13
Efficiency Equality And The Ownership Of Property Routledge Revivals written by James E. Meade and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-13 with Business & Economics categories.
First published in 1964, this is a study of the extreme inequalities in the ownership of property, in economies across the globe. Professor Meade examines in depth the economic, demographic and social factors which lead to such inequalities. He considers a wide range of remedial policies – educational development, reformed death duties and capital taxes, demographic policies, trade union action, the socialization of property, the development of a property-owning democracy, the expansion of the welfare state. The argument is expressed in precise analytical terms, but the main exposition is free of mathematics and technical jargon and is designed for the interested layman as well as the economist.
Distributional Cost Effectiveness Analysis
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Author : Richard Cookson
language : en
Publisher: Handbooks in Health Economic Evaluation
Release Date : 2020-09-30
Distributional Cost Effectiveness Analysis written by Richard Cookson and has been published by Handbooks in Health Economic Evaluation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-30 with Medical care categories.
Health inequalities blight lives, generate enormous costs, and exist everywhere. This book is the definitive all-in-one guide for anyone who wishes to learn about, commission, and use distributional cost-effectiveness analysis to promote both equity and efficiency in health and healthcare.
Urban Form And Accessibility
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Author : Corinne Mulley
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2020-12-02
Urban Form And Accessibility written by Corinne Mulley and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-02 with Political Science categories.
The growth of global urbanization places great strains on energy, transportation, housing and public spaces needs. As such, transport and land use are inextricably linked. Urban Form and Accessibility: Social, Economic, and Environment Impacts consolidates key insights from multidisciplinary perspectives on the relationship between urban form and transportation planning. Synthesizing the latest cutting-edge research, the book translates academic evidence into practice. Starting with an overview of the key concepts relevant to each discipline, the book covers critical elements such as governance, travel behavior, and technological disruption, showing how to move towards a more sustainable society for all city inhabitants. Draws on evidence-based success stories from countries around the globe Gathers global leading thinkers to provide the state-of-the-art on the topic Examines social, economic, and environmental impacts within each chapter Each chapter’s content will have the same structure for easier discoverability
Employment With A Human Face
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Author : John W. Budd
language : en
Publisher: Cornell University Press
Release Date : 2004
Employment With A Human Face written by John W. Budd and has been published by Cornell University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Business & Economics categories.
John W. Budd contends that the turbulence of the current workplace and the importance of work for individuals and society make it vitally important that employment be given "a human face." Contradicting the traditional view of the employment relationship as a purely economic transaction, with business wanting efficiency and workers wanting income, Budd argues that equity and voice are equally important objectives. The traditional narrow focus on efficiency must be balanced with employees' entitlement to fair treatment (equity) and the opportunity to have meaningful input into decisions (voice), he says. Only through a greater respect for these human concerns can broadly shared prosperity, respect for human dignity, and equal appreciation for the competing human rights of property and labor be achieved.Budd proposes a fresh set of objectives for modern democracies--efficiency, equity, and voice--and supports this new triad with an intellectual framework for analyzing employment institutions and practices. In the process, he draws on scholarship from industrial relations, law, political science, moral philosophy, theology, psychology, sociology, and economics, and advances debates over free markets, globalization, human rights, and ethics. He applies his framework to important employment-related topics, such as workplace governance, the New Deal industrial relations system, comparative industrial relations, labor union strategies, and globalization. These analyses create a foundation for reforming employment practices, social norms, and public policies. In the book's final chapter, Budd advocates the creation of the field of human resources and industrial relations and explores the wider implications of this renewed conceptualization of industrial relations.