Achieving High Performance Polymer Tandem Solar Cells
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Achieving High Performance Polymer Tandem Solar Cells
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Author : Jun Yang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Achieving High Performance Polymer Tandem Solar Cells written by Jun Yang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Achieving High Performance Polymer Tandem Solar Cells Via Novel Materials Design
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Author : Letian Dou
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Achieving High Performance Polymer Tandem Solar Cells Via Novel Materials Design written by Letian Dou and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices show great promise in low-cost, flexible, lightweight, and large-area energy-generation applications. Nonetheless, most of the materials designed today always suffer from the inherent disadvantage of not having a broad absorption range, and relatively low mobility, which limit the utilization of the full solar spectrum. Tandem solar cells provide an effective way to harvest a broader spectrum of solar radiation by combining two or more solar cells with different absorption bands. However, for polymer solar cells, the performance of tandem devices lags behind single-layer solar cells mainly due to the lack of suitable low-bandgap polymers (near-IR absorbing polymers). In this dissertation, in order to achieve high performance, we focus on design and synthesis of novel low bandgap polymers specifically for tandem solar cells. In Chapter 3, I demonstrate highly efficient single junction and tandem polymer solar cells featuring a spectrally matched low-bandgap conjugated polymer (PBDTT-DPP: bandgap, ~1.44 eV). The polymer has a backbone based on alternating benzodithiophene and diketopyrrolopyrrole units. A single-layer device based on the polymer provides a power conversion efficiency of ~6%. When the polymer is applied to tandem solar cells, a power conversion efficiency of 8.62% is achieved, which was the highest certified efficiency for a polymer solar cell. To further improve this material system, in Chapter 4, I show that the reduction of the bandgap and the enhancement of the charge transport properties of the low bandgap polymer PBDTT-DPP can be accomplished simultaneously by substituting the sulfur atoms on the DPP unit with selenium atoms. The newly designed polymer PBDTT-SeDPP (Eg = 1.38 eV) shows excellent photovoltaic performance in single junction devices with PCEs over 7% and photo-response up to 900 nm. Tandem polymer solar cells based on PBDTT-SeDPP are also demonstrated with a 9.5% PCE, which are more than 10% enhancement over those based on PBDTT-DPP. Finally, in Chapter 5, I demonstrate a new polymer system based on alternating dithienopyran and benzothiadiazole units with a bandgap of 1.38 eV, high mobility, deep highest occupied molecular orbital. As a result, a single-junction device shows high external quantum efficiency of>60% and spectral response that extends to 900 nm, with a power conversion efficiency of 7.9%. The polymer enables a solution processed tandem solar cell with certified 10.6% power conversion efficiency under standard reporting conditions, which is the first certified polymer solar cell efficiency over 10%.
Organic Tandem Solar Cells Design And Formation
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Author : Chun-Chao Chen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Organic Tandem Solar Cells Design And Formation written by Chun-Chao Chen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
In the past decade, research on organic solar cells has gone through an important development stage leading to major enhancements in power conversion efficiency, from 4% to 9% in single-junction devices. During this period, there are many novel processing techniques and device designs that have been proposed and adapted in organic solar-cell devices. One well-known device architecture that helps maximize the solar cell efficiency is the multi-junction tandem solar-cell design. Given this design, multiple photoactive absorbers as subcells are stacked in a monolithic fashion and assembled via series connection into one complete device, known as the tandem solar cell. Since multiple absorbers with different optical energy bandgaps are being applied in one tandem solar-cell device, the corresponding solar cell efficiency is maximized through expanded absorption spectrum and reduced carrier thermalization loss. In Chapter 3, the architecture of solution-processible, visibly transparent solar cells is introduced. Unlike conventional organic solar-cell devices with opaque electrodes (such as silver, aluminum, gold and etc.), the semi-transparent solar cells rely on highly transparent electrodes and visibly transparent photoactive absorbers. Given these two criteria, we first demonstrated the visibly transparent single-junction solar cells via the polymer absorber with near-infrared absorption and the top electrode based on solution-processible silver nanowire conductor. The highest visible transparency (400 ~ 700 nm) of 65% was achieved for the complete device structure. More importantly, power conversion efficiency of 4% was also demonstrated. In Chapter 4, we stacked two semi-transparent photoactive absorbers in the tandem architecture in order to realize the semi-transparent tandem solar cells. A noticeable performance improvement from 4% to 7% was observed. More importantly, we modified the interconnecting layers with the incorporation of a thin conjugated polyelectrolyte layer functioning as the surface dipole formation layer to provide better electrical contact with the photoactive layer. Due to the effectiveness of the conjugated polyelectrolyte layer, performance improvement was also observed. Furthermore, other issues regarding the semi-transparent tandem solar cells (e.g., photocurrent matching, exterior color tuning, and transparency tuning) are all explored to optimize best performance. In Chapter 5 and 6, the architectures of double- and triple-junction tandem solar cells are explored. Theoretically, triple-junction tandem solar cells with three photoactive absorbers with cascaded energy bandgaps have the potential to achieve higher performance, in comparison with double-junction tandem solar cells. Such expectations can be ascribed to the minimized carrier thermalization loss and further improved light absorption. However, the design of triple-junction solar cells often involves sophisticated multiple layer deposition as well as substantial optimization. Therefore, there is a lack of successful demonstrations of triple-junction solar cells outperforming the double-junction counterparts. To solve the incompatible issues related to the layer deposition in the fabrication, we proposed a novel architecture of inverted-structure tandem solar cells with newly designed interconnecting layers. Our design of interconnecting layers does not only focus on maintaining the orthogonal solution processing advantages, but also provides an excellent compatibility in the energy level alignment to allow different absorber materials to be used. Furthermore, we also explored the light management inside the double- and triple-junction tandem solar cells. The study of light management was carried out through optical simulation method based transfer matrix formalism. The intention is to obtain a balanced photocurrent output from each subcells inside the tandem solar cell, thus the minimal recombination loss at the contact of interconnecting layers and the optimal efficiency can be expected. With help from simulations, we were able to calibrate the thickness of each photoactive layer as well as the thickness of interconnecting layers to achieve the optimized processing conditions. With the highest power conversion efficiency, 11.5%, triple-junction tandem solar cells outperform the double-junction tandem solar cells at 10.5%. In summary, this dissertation has provided practical solutions to the current demand of high-performance and easily manufactured organic solar cells from the solar cell industry. Particularly, triple-junction tandem solar cells with efficiencies over 11% should have great potential to contribute to high-efficiency solar-cell applications, whereas semi-transparent tandem solar cells with efficiency at 7% should be applicable to building-integrated applications.
Polymer Solar Cells
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Author : Vishal Shrotriya
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010-03
Polymer Solar Cells written by Vishal Shrotriya and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-03 with categories.
Novel Device Architecture And Morphology Control For Achieving High Performance Polymer Solar Cells
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Author : Li-Min Chen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Novel Device Architecture And Morphology Control For Achieving High Performance Polymer Solar Cells written by Li-Min Chen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Towards High Performance Polymer Solar Cells Through Interface Engineering
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Author : Chao Yi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Towards High Performance Polymer Solar Cells Through Interface Engineering written by Chao Yi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Conjugated polymers categories.
Polymer solar cells (PSCs) are considered as one of the most promising alternative renewable energy sources. Recently, PSCs with over 10% power conversion efficiency (PCE) is achieved from tandem cells and over 9% from single cell. To obtain 15% PCE for real application of PSCs, three device parameters--short circuit current density, Jsc; open circuit voltage, Voc and fill factor, FF must be increased. With an understanding of working mechanism in polymer solar cells and limiting factor in conjugated polymers, great achievements have been made in increasing these three parameters. In order to achieve the ideal efficiency for practical application, charge collection by the electrodes needs to be optimized via interface engineering. By far, some excited experimental results have been reported by using conjugated polyelectrolytes as an interfacial buffer layer. However, few study reports the utilization of neutral material as an interfacial buffer layer in polymer solar cells. (recently work reported by Santa Barbara). In this study, we exploited both conjugated polyelectrolyte and neutral conjugated polymer as an interfacial buffer layer from enhanced open circuit voltage by both of them. A new mechanism for neutral polymer material as interfacial buffer layer is addressed. By analysis of electronic properties of the devices with and without these buffer layer, correlation between suppressed dark current and open circuit voltage is illustrated. In an equivalent circuit of polymer solar cells, distinct increase in shunt resistance and reduction in sheet resistance reveal that incorporation of polyelectrolyte and neutral polymer leads to enhanced efficiency and neutral conjugated polymer provides a facile route for improving device performance. In order further study of the effect of interface layer, a specific neutral C60 derivative--PC60BM-G2 was designed and utilized as an interfacial buffer layer in PSCs with both a conventional and an inverted device structures. For the in the conventional device, PC60BM-G2 showed high electron selectivity and electrical conductivity. More than 20% enhancement in PCEs was obtained. For the inverted device, PC60BM-G2 eliminated defects and vacancies on surface of electron extraction layer. Meanwhile, increased surface roughness provides large electrical interaction between the active layer and the electron extraction layer. Suppressed interface recombination and enhanced surface electrical conductivity originates from surface modification by PC60BM-G2, which results in over 30% enhancement in PCEs. These results reveal that neutral material could be made use of in interface engineering in organic electronics and sparked further investigation for the origin of enhanced device performance via neutral interfacial buffer layer.
Organic Solar Cells
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Author : Pankaj Kumar
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2016-10-03
Organic Solar Cells written by Pankaj Kumar and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-03 with Science categories.
This book contains detailed information on the types, structure, fabrication, and characterization of organic solar cells (OSCs). It discusses processes to improve efficiencies and the prevention of degradation in OSCs. It compares the cost-effectiveness of OSCs to those based on crystalline silicon and discusses ways to make OSCs more economical. This book provides a practical guide for the fabrication, processing, and characterization of OSCs and paves the way for further development in OSC technology.
A Practical Guide For Advanced Methods In Solar Photovoltaic Systems
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Author : Adel Mellit
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-05-27
A Practical Guide For Advanced Methods In Solar Photovoltaic Systems written by Adel Mellit and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-05-27 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The present book focuses on recent advances methods and applications in photovoltaic (PV) systems. The book is divided into two parts: the first part deals with some theoretical, simulation and experiments on solar cells, including efficiency improvement, new materials and behavior performances. While the second part of the book devoted mainly on the application of advanced methods in PV systems, including advanced control, FPGA implementation, output power forecasting based artificial intelligence technique (AI), high PV penetration, reconfigurable PV architectures and fault detection and diagnosis based AI. The authors of the book trying to show to readers more details about some theoretical methods and applications in solar cells and PV systems (eg. advanced algorithms for control, optimization, power forecasting, monitoring and fault diagnosis methods). The applications are mainly carried out in different laboratories and location around the world as projects (Algeria, KSA, Turkey, Morocco, Italy and France). The book will be addressed to scientists, academics, researchers and PhD students working in this topic. The book will help readers to understand some applications including control, forecasting, monitoring, fault diagnosis of photovoltaic plants, as well as in solar cells such as behavior performances and efficiency improvement. It could be also be used as a reference and help industry sectors interested by prototype development.
Advanced Micro And Nanomaterials For Photovoltaics
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2019-05-25
Advanced Micro And Nanomaterials For Photovoltaics written by and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-25 with Science categories.
Nanomaterials are becoming increasingly important photovoltaic technologies from absorbers to contacts. This book is dedicated to describing the novel materials and technologies for photovoltaics that derive from these new and novel approaches in solar technologies. We have collected a set of renowned experts in their respective fields as authors and their expertise covers a broad set of areas including novel oxides, quantum dots, CZTS and organic solar cells, as well as light management and reliability testing. The organization of the book is divided into three sections; the first part deals with emerging photovoltaic absorbers and absorber approaches, the second part is focused on novel solar cell architectures and device concepts and components; and the last part is focused on their integration into module technologies. The first chapter is an introduction to the basics of solar cells technology facilitating an understanding by the non-expert of the following chapters. The book is intended for academics and professionals, at the research and R&D level in materials and devices, who are looking for opportunities for applications in the solar materials, devices and modules areas. Hopefully it will serve as a reference for students and professionals looking into the potential and development of novel photovoltaic technologies, researchers looking into the development of innovative projects, and teachers in the field of energy and sustainability. Showcases a range of cutting-edge photovoltaic materials and devices, exploring their special properties and how they are best used Assesses the challenges of fabricating solar cell devices using nanotechnology Explores how producing cheaper modules, increasing reliability and increasing efficiency have led to new applications for photovoltaic devices
Fundamentals Of Conjugated Polymer Blends Copolymers And Composites
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Author : Parveen Saini
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2015-04-24
Fundamentals Of Conjugated Polymer Blends Copolymers And Composites written by Parveen Saini and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-04-24 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Since their discovery in 1977, the evolution of conducting polymers has revolutionized modern science and technology. These polymers enjoy a special status in the area of materials science yet they are not as popular among young readers or common people when compared to other materials like metals, paper, plastics, rubber, textiles, ceramics and composites like concrete. Most importantly, much of the available literature in the form of papers, specific review articles and books is targeted either at advanced readers (scientists / technologists / engineers / senior academicians) or for those who are already familiar with the topic (doctoral / postdoctoral scholars). For a beginner or even school / college students, such compilations are bit difficult to access / digest. In fact, they need proper introduction to the topic of conducting polymers including their discovery, preparation, properties, applications and societal impact, using suitable examples and already known principles/knowledge/phenomenon. Further, active participation of readers in terms of "question & answers", "fill-in-the-blanks", "numerical" along with suitable answer key is necessary to maintain the interest and to initiate the "thought process". The readers also need to know about the drawbacks and any hazards of such materials. Therefore, I believe that a comprehensive source on the science / technology of conducting polymers which maintains a link between grass root fundamentals and state-of-the-art R&D is still missing from the open literature.
