Achieving High Performance Polymer Tandem Solar Cells Via Novel Materials Design
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Achieving High Performance Polymer Tandem Solar Cells Via Novel Materials Design
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Author : Letian Dou
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Achieving High Performance Polymer Tandem Solar Cells Via Novel Materials Design written by Letian Dou and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices show great promise in low-cost, flexible, lightweight, and large-area energy-generation applications. Nonetheless, most of the materials designed today always suffer from the inherent disadvantage of not having a broad absorption range, and relatively low mobility, which limit the utilization of the full solar spectrum. Tandem solar cells provide an effective way to harvest a broader spectrum of solar radiation by combining two or more solar cells with different absorption bands. However, for polymer solar cells, the performance of tandem devices lags behind single-layer solar cells mainly due to the lack of suitable low-bandgap polymers (near-IR absorbing polymers). In this dissertation, in order to achieve high performance, we focus on design and synthesis of novel low bandgap polymers specifically for tandem solar cells. In Chapter 3, I demonstrate highly efficient single junction and tandem polymer solar cells featuring a spectrally matched low-bandgap conjugated polymer (PBDTT-DPP: bandgap, ~1.44 eV). The polymer has a backbone based on alternating benzodithiophene and diketopyrrolopyrrole units. A single-layer device based on the polymer provides a power conversion efficiency of ~6%. When the polymer is applied to tandem solar cells, a power conversion efficiency of 8.62% is achieved, which was the highest certified efficiency for a polymer solar cell. To further improve this material system, in Chapter 4, I show that the reduction of the bandgap and the enhancement of the charge transport properties of the low bandgap polymer PBDTT-DPP can be accomplished simultaneously by substituting the sulfur atoms on the DPP unit with selenium atoms. The newly designed polymer PBDTT-SeDPP (Eg = 1.38 eV) shows excellent photovoltaic performance in single junction devices with PCEs over 7% and photo-response up to 900 nm. Tandem polymer solar cells based on PBDTT-SeDPP are also demonstrated with a 9.5% PCE, which are more than 10% enhancement over those based on PBDTT-DPP. Finally, in Chapter 5, I demonstrate a new polymer system based on alternating dithienopyran and benzothiadiazole units with a bandgap of 1.38 eV, high mobility, deep highest occupied molecular orbital. As a result, a single-junction device shows high external quantum efficiency of>60% and spectral response that extends to 900 nm, with a power conversion efficiency of 7.9%. The polymer enables a solution processed tandem solar cell with certified 10.6% power conversion efficiency under standard reporting conditions, which is the first certified polymer solar cell efficiency over 10%.
Organic Tandem Solar Cells Design And Formation
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Author : Chun-Chao Chen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Organic Tandem Solar Cells Design And Formation written by Chun-Chao Chen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
In the past decade, research on organic solar cells has gone through an important development stage leading to major enhancements in power conversion efficiency, from 4% to 9% in single-junction devices. During this period, there are many novel processing techniques and device designs that have been proposed and adapted in organic solar-cell devices. One well-known device architecture that helps maximize the solar cell efficiency is the multi-junction tandem solar-cell design. Given this design, multiple photoactive absorbers as subcells are stacked in a monolithic fashion and assembled via series connection into one complete device, known as the tandem solar cell. Since multiple absorbers with different optical energy bandgaps are being applied in one tandem solar-cell device, the corresponding solar cell efficiency is maximized through expanded absorption spectrum and reduced carrier thermalization loss. In Chapter 3, the architecture of solution-processible, visibly transparent solar cells is introduced. Unlike conventional organic solar-cell devices with opaque electrodes (such as silver, aluminum, gold and etc.), the semi-transparent solar cells rely on highly transparent electrodes and visibly transparent photoactive absorbers. Given these two criteria, we first demonstrated the visibly transparent single-junction solar cells via the polymer absorber with near-infrared absorption and the top electrode based on solution-processible silver nanowire conductor. The highest visible transparency (400 ~ 700 nm) of 65% was achieved for the complete device structure. More importantly, power conversion efficiency of 4% was also demonstrated. In Chapter 4, we stacked two semi-transparent photoactive absorbers in the tandem architecture in order to realize the semi-transparent tandem solar cells. A noticeable performance improvement from 4% to 7% was observed. More importantly, we modified the interconnecting layers with the incorporation of a thin conjugated polyelectrolyte layer functioning as the surface dipole formation layer to provide better electrical contact with the photoactive layer. Due to the effectiveness of the conjugated polyelectrolyte layer, performance improvement was also observed. Furthermore, other issues regarding the semi-transparent tandem solar cells (e.g., photocurrent matching, exterior color tuning, and transparency tuning) are all explored to optimize best performance. In Chapter 5 and 6, the architectures of double- and triple-junction tandem solar cells are explored. Theoretically, triple-junction tandem solar cells with three photoactive absorbers with cascaded energy bandgaps have the potential to achieve higher performance, in comparison with double-junction tandem solar cells. Such expectations can be ascribed to the minimized carrier thermalization loss and further improved light absorption. However, the design of triple-junction solar cells often involves sophisticated multiple layer deposition as well as substantial optimization. Therefore, there is a lack of successful demonstrations of triple-junction solar cells outperforming the double-junction counterparts. To solve the incompatible issues related to the layer deposition in the fabrication, we proposed a novel architecture of inverted-structure tandem solar cells with newly designed interconnecting layers. Our design of interconnecting layers does not only focus on maintaining the orthogonal solution processing advantages, but also provides an excellent compatibility in the energy level alignment to allow different absorber materials to be used. Furthermore, we also explored the light management inside the double- and triple-junction tandem solar cells. The study of light management was carried out through optical simulation method based transfer matrix formalism. The intention is to obtain a balanced photocurrent output from each subcells inside the tandem solar cell, thus the minimal recombination loss at the contact of interconnecting layers and the optimal efficiency can be expected. With help from simulations, we were able to calibrate the thickness of each photoactive layer as well as the thickness of interconnecting layers to achieve the optimized processing conditions. With the highest power conversion efficiency, 11.5%, triple-junction tandem solar cells outperform the double-junction tandem solar cells at 10.5%. In summary, this dissertation has provided practical solutions to the current demand of high-performance and easily manufactured organic solar cells from the solar cell industry. Particularly, triple-junction tandem solar cells with efficiencies over 11% should have great potential to contribute to high-efficiency solar-cell applications, whereas semi-transparent tandem solar cells with efficiency at 7% should be applicable to building-integrated applications.
Achieving High Performance Polymer Tandem Solar Cells
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Author : Jun Yang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Achieving High Performance Polymer Tandem Solar Cells written by Jun Yang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Photovoltaics Beyond Silicon
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Author : Senthilarasu Sundaram
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2024-06-28
Photovoltaics Beyond Silicon written by Senthilarasu Sundaram and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-06-28 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Photovoltaics Beyond Silicon: Innovative Materials, Sustainable Processing Technologies, and Novel Device Structures presents the latest innovations in materials, processing and devices to produce electricity via advanced, sustainable photovoltaics technologies. The book provides an overview of the novel materials and device architectures that have been developed to optimize energy conversion efficiencies and minimize environmental impacts. Advances in technologies for harnessing solar energy are extensively discussed, with topics including materials processing, device fabrication, sustainability of materials and manufacturing, and the current state-of-the-art. Contributions from leading international experts discuss the applications, challenges and future prospects of research in this increasingly vital field, providing a valuable resource for students and researchers working in this area. Presents a comprehensive overview and detailed discussion of solar energy technology options for sustainable energy conversion Provides an understanding of the environmental challenges to be overcome and discusses the importance of efficient materials utilization for clean energy Looks at how to design materials processing and optimize device fabrication, including metrics such as power-to-weight ratio, effectiveness at EOL compared to BOL, life-cycle analysis
Polymeric Solar Cells
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Author : Frederik C. Krebs
language : en
Publisher: DEStech Publications, Inc
Release Date : 2010
Polymeric Solar Cells written by Frederik C. Krebs and has been published by DEStech Publications, Inc this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Book offers a comprehensive treatment of nonhybrid polymeric solar cells from the basic chemistry of donor and acceptor materials through device design, processing and manufacture. Written by a team of Europe-based experts, the text shows the steps and strategies of successfully moving from the science of solar cells to commercial device production. Chapters focus on technologies that lead to increased efficiencies, longer usable life and lower costs. Highlighted are ways to fabricate solar cells from a range of polymers and develop them into marketable commodities. Special consideration is given to solar cells as intellectual property.
Organic Solar Cells
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Author : Liming Ding
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2022-02-09
Organic Solar Cells written by Liming Ding and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-02-09 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Organic Solar Cells A timely and singular resource on the latest advances in organic photovoltaics Organic photovoltaics are gaining widespread attention due to their solution processability, tunable electronic properties, low temperature manufacture, and cheap and light materials. Their wide range of potential applications may result in significant near-term commercialization of the technology. In Organic Solar Cells: Materials Design, Technology and Commercialization, renowned scientist Dr. Liming Ding delivers a comprehensive exploration of organic solar cells, including discussions of their key materials, mechanisms, molecular designs, stability features, and applications. The book presents the most state-of-the-art developments in the field alongside fulsome treatments of the commercialization potential of various organic solar cell technologies. The author also provides: Thorough introductions to fullerene acceptors, polymer donors, and non-fullerene small molecule acceptors Comprehensive explorations of p-type molecular photovoltaic materials and polymer-polymer solar cell materials, devices, and stability Practical discussions of electron donating ladder-type heteroacenes for photovoltaic applications In-depth examinations of chlorinated organic and single-component organic solar cells, as well as the morphological characterization and manipulation of organic solar cells Perfect for materials scientists, organic and solid-state chemists, and solid-state physicists, Organic Solar Cells: Materials Design, Technology and Commercialization will also earn a place in the libraries of surface chemists and physicists and electrical engineers.
Polymer Photovoltaics
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Author : Fei Huang
language : en
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
Release Date : 2015-09-08
Polymer Photovoltaics written by Fei Huang and has been published by Royal Society of Chemistry this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-09-08 with Science categories.
Polymer solar cells have gained much attention as they offer a potentially economic and viable way of commercially manufacturing lightweight, flexible and low-cost photovoltaics. With contributions from leading scientists, Polymer Photovoltaics provides an international perspective on the latest research for this rapidly expanding field. The book starts with an Introduction to polymer solar cells and covers several important topics that govern their photovoltaic properties including the chemistry and the design of new light harvesting and interfacial materials and their structure-property relationship; the physics for photocurrent generation in the polymer solar cells; new characterization tools to study morphology effect on the property of donor/acceptor bulk heterojunctions; new device concepts such as tandem cells and semi-transparent cells and advanced roll-to-roll processes for large-scale manufacturing of polymer solar cells. Written by active researchers, the book provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in polymer solar cell technology for both researchers and students that are interested in this field.
Materials For Solar Cell Technologies I
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Author : Inamuddin
language : en
Publisher: Materials Research Forum LLC
Release Date : 2021-01-20
Materials For Solar Cell Technologies I written by Inamuddin and has been published by Materials Research Forum LLC this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-01-20 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The book reviews recent research and new trends in the area of solar cell materials. Topics include fabrication methods, solar cell design, energy efficiency and commercialization of next-generation materials. Special focus is placed on graphene and carbon nanomaterials, graphene in dye-sensitized solar cells, perovskite solar cells and organic photovoltaic cells, as well as on transparent conducting electrode (TCE) materials, hollow nanostructured photoelectrodes, monocrystalline silicon solar cells (MSSC) and BHJ organic solar cells. Also discussed is the use of graphene, sulfides, and metal nanoparticle-based absorber materials. Keywords: Solar Cell, Graphene Nanomaterials, Carbon Nanomaterials, Graphene in Dye-sensitized Solar Cells, Perovskite Solar Cells, Organic Photovoltaic Cells, Transparent Conducting Electrode (TCE) Materials, Hollow Nanostructured Photoelectrodes, Monocrystalline Silicon Solar Cells (MSSC), BHJ Organic Solar Cells, Electrochemical Sensing, Low Band-Gap Materials, Absorber Materials for Solar Cells.
Rational Design Of Solar Cells For Efficient Solar Energy Conversion
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Author : Alagarsamy Pandikumar
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2018-08-31
Rational Design Of Solar Cells For Efficient Solar Energy Conversion written by Alagarsamy Pandikumar and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-08-31 with Science categories.
An interdisciplinary guide to the newest solar cell technology for efficient renewable energy Rational Design of Solar Cells for Efficient Solar Energy Conversion explores the development of the most recent solar technology and materials used to manufacture solar cells in order to achieve higher solar energy conversion efficiency. The text offers an interdisciplinary approach and combines information on dye-sensitized solar cells, organic solar cells, polymer solar cells, perovskite solar cells, and quantum dot solar cells. The text contains contributions from noted experts in the fields of chemistry, physics, materials science, and engineering. The authors review the development of components such as photoanodes, sensitizers, electrolytes, and photocathodes for high performance dye-sensitized solar cells. In addition, the text puts the focus on the design of material assemblies to achieve higher solar energy conversion. This important resource: Offers a comprehensive review of recent developments in solar cell technology Includes information on a variety of solar cell materials and devices, focusing on dye-sensitized solar cells Contains a thorough approach beginning with the fundamental material characterization and concluding with real-world device application. Presents content from researchers in multiple fields of study such as physicists, engineers, and material scientists Written for researchers, scientists, and engineers in university and industry laboratories, Rational Design of Solar Cells for Efficient Solar Energy Conversion offers a comprehensive review of the newest developments and applications of solar cells with contributions from a range of experts in various disciplines.
Towards High Performance Polymer Solar Cells Through Interface Engineering
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Author : Chao Yi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Towards High Performance Polymer Solar Cells Through Interface Engineering written by Chao Yi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Conjugated polymers categories.
Polymer solar cells (PSCs) are considered as one of the most promising alternative renewable energy sources. Recently, PSCs with over 10% power conversion efficiency (PCE) is achieved from tandem cells and over 9% from single cell. To obtain 15% PCE for real application of PSCs, three device parameters--short circuit current density, Jsc; open circuit voltage, Voc and fill factor, FF must be increased. With an understanding of working mechanism in polymer solar cells and limiting factor in conjugated polymers, great achievements have been made in increasing these three parameters. In order to achieve the ideal efficiency for practical application, charge collection by the electrodes needs to be optimized via interface engineering. By far, some excited experimental results have been reported by using conjugated polyelectrolytes as an interfacial buffer layer. However, few study reports the utilization of neutral material as an interfacial buffer layer in polymer solar cells. (recently work reported by Santa Barbara). In this study, we exploited both conjugated polyelectrolyte and neutral conjugated polymer as an interfacial buffer layer from enhanced open circuit voltage by both of them. A new mechanism for neutral polymer material as interfacial buffer layer is addressed. By analysis of electronic properties of the devices with and without these buffer layer, correlation between suppressed dark current and open circuit voltage is illustrated. In an equivalent circuit of polymer solar cells, distinct increase in shunt resistance and reduction in sheet resistance reveal that incorporation of polyelectrolyte and neutral polymer leads to enhanced efficiency and neutral conjugated polymer provides a facile route for improving device performance. In order further study of the effect of interface layer, a specific neutral C60 derivative--PC60BM-G2 was designed and utilized as an interfacial buffer layer in PSCs with both a conventional and an inverted device structures. For the in the conventional device, PC60BM-G2 showed high electron selectivity and electrical conductivity. More than 20% enhancement in PCEs was obtained. For the inverted device, PC60BM-G2 eliminated defects and vacancies on surface of electron extraction layer. Meanwhile, increased surface roughness provides large electrical interaction between the active layer and the electron extraction layer. Suppressed interface recombination and enhanced surface electrical conductivity originates from surface modification by PC60BM-G2, which results in over 30% enhancement in PCEs. These results reveal that neutral material could be made use of in interface engineering in organic electronics and sparked further investigation for the origin of enhanced device performance via neutral interfacial buffer layer.
