Adaptationism And Optimality
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Adaptationism And Optimality
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Author : Steven Hecht Orzack
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2001-06-04
Adaptationism And Optimality written by Steven Hecht Orzack and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-06-04 with Philosophy categories.
The debate over the relative importance of natural selection as compared to other forces affecting the evolution of organisms is a long-standing and central controversy in evolutionary biology. The theory of adaptationism argues that natural selection contains sufficient explanatory power in itself to account for all evolution. However, there are differing views about the efficiency of the adaptation model of explanation. If the adaptationism theory is applied, are energy and resources being used to their optimum? This book presents an up-to-date view of this controversy and reflects the dramatic changes in our understanding of evolution that have occurred in the last twenty years. The volume combines contributions from biologists and philosophers, and offers a systematic treatment of foundational, conceptual, and methodological issues surrounding the theory of adaptationism. The essays examine recent developments in topics such as phylogenetic analysis, the theory of optimality and ess models, and methods of testing models.
Adaptationism And Optimality
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Author : Steven Hecht Orzack
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2001-06-11
Adaptationism And Optimality written by Steven Hecht Orzack and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-06-11 with Science categories.
The theory of adaptationism argues that natural selection contains sufficient explanatory power in itself to account for all evolution. However, there are differing views about the efficiency, or optimality, of the adaptation model of explanation. If the adaptationism theory is applied, are energy and resources being used as optimally as possible? Adaptationism and Optimality combines contributions from biologists and philosophers, and offers a systematic treatment of foundational, conceptual, and methodological issues surrounding the theory of adaptationism.
A Companion To The Philosophy Of Biology
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Author : Sahotra Sarkar
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2010-11-08
A Companion To The Philosophy Of Biology written by Sahotra Sarkar and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11-08 with Science categories.
A COMPANION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF BIOLOGY “Sarkar is to be congratulated for assembling this talented team of philosophers, who are themselves to be congratulated for writing these interesting essays on so many fascinating areas in philosophy of biology. This book will be a wonderful resource for future work.” Elliot Sober, University of Wisconsin-Madison “Many of the discussions here start with a definition of terms and a historical context of the subject before delving into the deeper philosophical issues, making it a useful reference for students of biology as well as philosophy.” Northeastern Naturalist “The topics that are addressed are done so well. This book will appeal to the advanced student and knowledgeable amateur and may prove useful catalyst for discussion among research teams or those engaged in cross-disciplinary studies.” Reference Reviews A Companion to the Philosophy of Biology offers concise overviews of philosophical issues raised by all areas of biology. Addressing both traditional and emerging areas of philosophical interest, the volume focuses on the philosophical implications of evolutionary theory as well as key topics such as molecular biology, immunology, and ecology Comprising essays by top scholars in the field, this volume is an authoritative guide for professional philosophers, historians, sociologists and biologists, as well as an accessible reference work for students seeking to learn about this rapidly-changing field.
The Oxford Handbook Of Philosophy Of Biology
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Author : Michael Ruse
language : en
Publisher: Oxford Handbooks Online
Release Date : 2008-07-10
The Oxford Handbook Of Philosophy Of Biology written by Michael Ruse and has been published by Oxford Handbooks Online this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-07-10 with Philosophy categories.
This handbook covers the history of philosophy of biology then moves on to evolutionary theory. It continues with discussions of molecular biology and ecology, and covers biology and ethics as well as biology and religion.
Evolutionary Psychology As Maladapted Psychology
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Author : Robert C. Richardson
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2010-01-22
Evolutionary Psychology As Maladapted Psychology written by Robert C. Richardson and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-01-22 with Philosophy categories.
A philosopher subjects the claims of evolutionary psychology to the evidential and methodological requirements of evolutionary biology, concluding that evolutionary psychology's explanations amount to speculation disguised as results. Human beings, like other organisms, are the products of evolution. Like other organisms, we exhibit traits that are the product of natural selection. Our psychological capacities are evolved traits as much as are our gait and posture. This much few would dispute. Evolutionary psychology goes further than this, claiming that our psychological traits—including a wide variety of traits, from mate preference and jealousy to language and reason—can be understood as specific adaptations to ancestral Pleistocene conditions. In Evolutionary Psychology as Maladapted Psychology, Robert Richardson takes a critical look at evolutionary psychology by subjecting its ambitious and controversial claims to the same sorts of methodological and evidential constraints that are broadly accepted within evolutionary biology. The claims of evolutionary psychology may pass muster as psychology; but what are their evolutionary credentials? Richardson considers three ways adaptive hypotheses can be evaluated, using examples from the biological literature to illustrate what sorts of evidence and methodology would be necessary to establish specific evolutionary and adaptive explanations of human psychological traits. He shows that existing explanations within evolutionary psychology fall woefully short of accepted biological standards. The theories offered by evolutionary psychologists may identify traits that are, or were, beneficial to humans. But gauged by biological standards, there is inadequate evidence: evolutionary psychologists are largely silent on the evolutionary evidence relevant to assessing their claims, including such matters as variation in ancestral populations, heritability, and the advantage offered to our ancestors. As evolutionary claims they are unsubstantiated. Evolutionary psychology, Richardson concludes, may offer a program of research, but it lacks the kind of evidence that is generally expected within evolutionary biology. It is speculation rather than sound science—and we should treat its claims with skepticism.
Feminism In The Wild
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Author : Ambika Kamath
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2025-03-11
Feminism In The Wild written by Ambika Kamath and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-03-11 with Science categories.
How dominant culture—from sexism and homophobia to racism, capitalism, ableism, and more—has limited the science of animal behavior, and how we can free ourselves from these limited perspectives. In Feminism in the Wild, Ambika Kamath and Melina Packer reveal how scientists studying animal behavior have long projected human norms and values onto animals while seeking to understand them. When scientific studies conclude that these norms and values are natural in animals, it makes it easier to think of them as natural in humans too. And because scientists, historically and to this day, largely belong to elite, powerful segments of society, the norms and values embedded in animal behavior science match those of the already powerful. How can animal behavior science escape this trap of naturalizing dominant culture? Drawing from decades of feminist, antiracist, queer, disability justice, and Marxist contributions—including those of biologists—Kamath and Packer break down persistent assumptions in the status quo of animal behavior science and offer a multitude of alternative approaches. Core concepts in animal behavior science and evolutionary biology—from sex categories and sexual selection to fitness, adaptation, biological determinism, and more—are carefully contextualized and critically reexamined. This unique collaboration between an animal behavior scientist and a feminist science studies scholar is an illuminating and hopeful read for anyone who is curious about how animals behave, and anyone who wants to break free from scientific approaches that perpetuate systems of oppression.
The Evolution Of Darwinism
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Author : Timothy Shanahan
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2004-03-15
The Evolution Of Darwinism written by Timothy Shanahan and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-03-15 with Philosophy categories.
No other scientific theory has had as tremendous an impact on our understanding of the world as Darwin's theory as outlined in his Origin of Species, yet from the very beginning the theory has been subject to controversy. The Evolution of Darwinism, first published in 2004, focuses on three issues of debate - the nature of selection, the nature and scope of adaptation, and the question of evolutionary progress. It traces the varying interpretations to which these issues were subjected from the beginning and the fierce contemporary debates that still rage on and explores their implications for the greatest questions of all: Where we come from, who we are and where we might be heading. Written in a clear and non-technical style, this book will be of use as a textbook for students in the philosophy of science who need to become familiar with the background to the debates about evolution.
In Defense Of An Evolutionary Concept Of Health
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Author : Mahesh Ananth
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-11-30
In Defense Of An Evolutionary Concept Of Health written by Mahesh Ananth and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-30 with Philosophy categories.
One of the most controversial contemporary debates on the concept of health is the clash between the views of naturalists and normativists. Naturalists argue that, although health can be valued or disvalued, the concept of health is itself objective and value-free. In contrast, normativists argue that health is a contextual and value-laden concept, and that there is no possibility of a value-free understanding of health. This debate has fueled many of the, often very acrimonious, disputations arising from the claims of health, disease and disability activists and charities and the public policy responses to them. In responding to this debate, Ananth both surveys the existing literature, with special focus on the work of Christopher Boorse, and argues that a naturalistic concept of health, drawing on evolutionary considerations associated with biological function, homeostasis, and species-design, is defensible without jettisoning norms in their entirety.
Adaptation And Learning In Automatic Systems
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Author : Tsypkin
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 1971-06-26
Adaptation And Learning In Automatic Systems written by Tsypkin and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1971-06-26 with Mathematics categories.
Adaptation and Learning in Automatic Systems
Adaptation
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Author : Michael R. Rose
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 1996-09-22
Adaptation written by Michael R. Rose and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-09-22 with Nature categories.
The study of evolutionary adaptation returns to the center stage of biology with this important volume. This innovative treatise discusses new developments in adaptation, with new methods, and new theoretical foundations, achievements, and prospects for a rich intellectual future. It is an insightful reintroduction to the themes that Darwin and his successors regarded as central to any profound understanding of biology.