Advanced Concepts For Renewable Energy Supply Of Data Centres
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Advanced Concepts For Renewable Energy Supply Of Data Centres
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Author : Jaume Salom
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2022-09-01
Advanced Concepts For Renewable Energy Supply Of Data Centres written by Jaume Salom and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-09-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The rapid increase of cloud computing, high performance computing (HPC) and the vast growth in Internet and Social Media use have aroused the interest in energy consumption and the carbon footprint of Data Centres. Data Centres primarily contain electronic equipment used for data processing (servers), data storage (storage equipment), and communications (network equipment). Collectively, this equipment processes, stores, and transmits digital information and is known as information technology (IT) equipment. Advanced Concepts for Renewable Energy Supply of Data Centres introduces a number of technical solutions for the supply of power and cooling energy into Data Centres with enhanced utilisation of renewable energy sources in order to achieve low energy Data Centres. Because of the high energy density nature of these unique infrastructures, it is essential to implement energy efficiency measures and reduce consumption before introducing any renewable energy source. A holistic approach is used with the objective of integrating many technical solutions such as management of the IT (Information Technology) load, efficient electrical supply to the IT systems, Low-Ex air-conditioning systems, interaction with district heating and cooling networks, re-use of heat, free cooling (air, seawater, groundwater), optimal use of heat and cold storage, electrical storage and integration in smart grids. This book is therefore a catalogue of advanced technical concepts that could be integrated into Data Centres portfolio in order to increase the overall efficiency and the share of renewable energies in power and cooling supply. Based on dynamic energy models implemented in TRNSYS some concepts are deeply evaluated through yearly simulations. The results of the simulation are illustrated with Sankey charts, where the energy flows per year within the subsystems of each concept for a selected scenario are shown, and graphs showing the results of parametric analysis. A set of environmental metrics (as the non-renewable primary energy) and financial metrics (CAPEX and OPEX) as well of energy efficiency metrics like the well-known PUE, are described and used to evaluate the different technical concepts.
Evaluating Demand Response Opportunities For Data Centers
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Author : Sonja Klingert
language : en
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
Release Date : 2020-12-03
Evaluating Demand Response Opportunities For Data Centers written by Sonja Klingert and has been published by Cuvillier Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-03 with Computers categories.
Data center demand response is a solution to a problem that is just recently emerging: Today’s energy system is undergoing major transformations due to the increasing shares of intermittent renewable power sources as solar and wind. As the power grid physically requires balancing power feed-in and power draw at all times, traditionally, power generation plants with short ramp-up times were activated to avoid grid imbalances. Additionally, so-called demand response schemes may incentivize power consumers to manipulate their planned power profile in order to activate hidden sources of flexibility. The data center industry has been identified as a suitable candidate for demand response as it is continuously growing and relies on highly automated processes. The presented thesis exceeds the related work by creating a framework for modeling data center demand response on a high level of abstraction that allows subsuming a great variety of specific models. Based on a generic architecture of demand response enabled data centers this is formalized through a micro-economics inspired optimization framework that generates technical power flex functions and an associated cost and market skeleton. This is evaluated through a simulation based on 2014 data from a real HPC data center in Germany, implementing two power management strategies, namely temporal workload shifting and manipulating the CPU frequency. The flexibility extracted is then monetized on two German electricity markets. As a result, in 2014 this data center would have achieved the largest benefit by changing from static electricity pricing to dynamic EPEX prices without changing their power profile. Through demand response they might have created an additional gross benefit of 4% of the power bill on the secondary reserve market. In a sensitivity analysis, however, it could be shown that these results are largely dependent on specific parameters as service level agreements and job heterogeneity. The results show that even though concrete simulations can evaluate demand response activities of individual data centers, the proposed modeling framework helps to understand their relevance from a system-wide viewpoint.
Energy Internet
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Author : Ahmed F Zobaa
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-06-17
Energy Internet written by Ahmed F Zobaa and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-17 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This textbook is the first of its kind to comprehensively describe the energy Internet, a vast network that efficiently supplies electricity to anyone anywhere and is an internet based wide area network for information and energy fusion. The chapters are organized into five parts: Architecture and Design, Energy Switching and Routing, Information and Communication, Energy Management Systems and Energy Market and Trading, and capture the spectrum of this exponential transformation, while also presenting the plethora of open problems that this transformation poses for researchers from mixed academic backgrounds. The scope includes key technologies on distributed energy sources, microgrids, energy storage, solar and wind energy, power grid, smart grid, power quality, power electronics, data centers, distributed computing and networking, cloud computing and big data, and software-defined networking. The book presents the basic principles of energy internet and emphasizes the current research trends in the field of energy Internet at an advanced level. It includes instructor materials, case-studies, and worked examples throughout. This is an ideal resource for students in advanced graduate-level courses and special topics in energy, information and control systems, and is a useful tool for utility engineers who seek an intuitive understanding of the emerging applications of energy Internet.
Data Center Electrical Design
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Author : Charles Nehme
language : en
Publisher: Charles Nehme
Release Date :
Data Center Electrical Design written by Charles Nehme and has been published by Charles Nehme this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with Technology & Engineering categories.
Data centers have become the backbone of our modern digital world, powering the vast array of applications and services that we rely on daily. These critical infrastructures demand a comprehensive and robust electrical design to ensure reliable power delivery and minimize downtime. This book delves into the intricacies of data center electrical design, providing a comprehensive guide for engineers, architects, and IT professionals involved in the planning, design, and implementation of these critical systems. The book begins by introducing the fundamental principles of data center electrical design, emphasizing the importance of aligning electrical systems with the overall objectives and requirements of the data center. It then delves into the intricacies of data center electrical system components, covering primary infrastructure, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), power distribution units (PDUs), and cabling and wiring systems. Subsequent chapters explore the design of power distribution architectures, covering tiered power distribution schemes, scalability considerations, and redundancy and failover strategies. The book then shifts focus to the critical aspects of reliability and efficiency in data center electrical design. It examines power quality issues, fault tolerance measures, energy efficiency strategies, environmental considerations, and sustainable solutions. The following chapters introduce the tools and processes employed in data center electrical design. This includes exploring electrical design software packages, 3D modeling and simulation tools, compliance with relevant electrical codes and standards, and the peer review and approval process. To illustrate the practical application of these concepts, the book presents case studies of designing data center electrical systems for high-performance computing (HPC) facilities and implementing sustainable data center electrical designs. Finally, it explores the emerging trends in data center electrical design, including the integration of renewable energy sources, energy storage solutions, advanced metering and monitoring capabilities, data-driven optimization, and predictive maintenance strategies. This book is intended to serve as a valuable resource for engineers, architects, and IT professionals seeking a comprehensive understanding of data center electrical design. It provides a practical and well-structured guide, covering the fundamental principles, design considerations, and emerging technologies shaping the future of this critical domain.
Data Center Electrical Design
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Author : Charles Nehme
language : en
Publisher: Independently Published
Release Date : 2024-01-15
Data Center Electrical Design written by Charles Nehme and has been published by Independently Published this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-01-15 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Data centers have become the backbone of our modern digital world, powering the vast array of applications and services that we rely on daily. These critical infrastructures demand a comprehensive and robust electrical design to ensure reliable power delivery and minimize downtime. This book delves into the intricacies of data center electrical design, providing a comprehensive guide for engineers, architects, and IT professionals involved in the planning, design, and implementation of these critical systems. The book begins by introducing the fundamental principles of data center electrical design, emphasizing the importance of aligning electrical systems with the overall objectives and requirements of the data center. It then delves into the intricacies of data center electrical system components, covering primary infrastructure, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), power distribution units (PDUs), and cabling and wiring systems. Subsequent chapters explore the design of power distribution architectures, covering tiered power distribution schemes, scalability considerations, and redundancy and failover strategies. The book then shifts focus to the critical aspects of reliability and efficiency in data center electrical design. It examines power quality issues, fault tolerance measures, energy efficiency strategies, environmental considerations, and sustainable solutions. The following chapters introduce the tools and processes employed in data center electrical design. This includes exploring electrical design software packages, 3D modeling and simulation tools, compliance with relevant electrical codes and standards, and the peer review and approval process. To illustrate the practical application of these concepts, the book presents case studies of designing data center electrical systems for high-performance computing (HPC) facilities and implementing sustainable data center electrical designs. Finally, it explores the emerging trends in data center electrical design, including the integration of renewable energy sources, energy storage solutions, advanced metering and monitoring capabilities, data-driven optimization, and predictive maintenance strategies. This book is intended to serve as a valuable resource for engineers, architects, and IT professionals seeking a comprehensive understanding of data center electrical design. It provides a practical and well-structured guide, covering the fundamental principles, design considerations, and emerging technologies shaping the future of this critical domain.
Smart Grids
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Author : Bernd M. Buchholz
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-03-23
Smart Grids written by Bernd M. Buchholz and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-23 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Nowadays, Smart Grid has become an established synonym for modern electric power systems. Electric networks are fed less and less by large, centrally planned fossil and nuclear power plants but more and more by millions of smaller, renewable and mostly weather-dependent generation units. A secure energy supply in such a sustainable and ecological system requires a completely different approach for planning, equipping and operating the electric power systems of the future, especially by using flexibility provisions of the network users according to the Smart Grid concept. The book brings together common themes beginning with Smart Grids and the characteristics of power plants based on renewable energy with highly efficient generation principles and storage capabilities. It covers the advanced technologies applied today in the transmission and distribution networks and innovative solutions for maintaining today’s high power quality under the challenging conditions of large-scale shares of volatile renewable energy sources in the annual energy balance. Besides considering the new primary and secondary technology solutions and control facilities for the transmission and distribution networks, prospective market conditions allowing network operators and the network users to gain benefits are also discussed. The growing role of information and communication technologies is investigated. The importance of new standards is underlined and the current international efforts in developing a consistent set of standards are updated in the second edition and described in detail. The updated presentation of international experiences to apply novel Smart Grid solutions to the practice of network operation concludes this book.
Oecd Artificial Intelligence Review Of Germany
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2024-06-11
Oecd Artificial Intelligence Review Of Germany written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-06-11 with categories.
This report provides an international benchmarking of Germany’s artificial intelligence (AI) ecosystem and discusses progress in implementing its national AI strategy. The report draws on quantitative and qualitative data and insights from the OECD.AI Policy Observatory and from the OECD Programme on AI in Work, Innovation, Productivity and Skills (AI-WIPS) – an OECD research programme financed by the German Federal Government – and results from a series of interviews with a wide range of stakeholders in Germany. The review discusses Germany’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges in AI, and provides recommendations to steer AI policy in Germany in the coming years. The evidence is presented according to the core focus areas outlined in Germany’s national AI strategy, which include: 1) minds; 2) research; 3) transfer and applications; 4) the world of work; 5) policy and regulatory frameworks; and 6) society. Furthermore, the report discusses AI infrastructure and it includes three sector spotlights on AI in the public sector, AI and environmental sustainability and AI and healthcare.
Globally Optimised Energy Efficient Data Centres
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Author : Dirk Pesch
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Globally Optimised Energy Efficient Data Centres written by Dirk Pesch and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Technology categories.
Data centres are part of today's critical information and communication infrastructure, and the majority of business transactions as well as much of our digital life now depend on them. At the same time, data centres are large primary energy consumers, with energy consumed by IT and server room air conditioning equipment and also by general building facilities. In many data centres, IT equipment energy and cooling energy requirements are not always coordinated, so energy consumption is not optimised. Most data centres lack an integrated energy management system that jointly optimises and controls all its energy consuming equipments in order to reduce energy consumption and increase the usage of local renewable energy sources. In this chapter, the authors discuss the challenges of coordinated energy management in data centres and present a novel scalable, integrated energy management system architecture for data centre wide optimisation. A prototype of the system has been implemented, including joint workload and thermal management algorithms. The control algorithms are evaluated in an accurate simulation-based model of a real data centre. Results show significant energy savings potential, in some cases up to 40%, by integrating workload and thermal management.
427 Eco Friendly Business Ideas
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Author : Mansoor Muallim
language : en
Publisher: M M Info Care
Release Date :
427 Eco Friendly Business Ideas written by Mansoor Muallim and has been published by M M Info Care this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with Technology & Engineering categories.
Discover 427 innovative and eco-conscious business ideas tailored for a sustainable future in "427 Eco-Friendly Business Ideas: Project Report Overviews." This comprehensive guide not only provides a wealth of green business concepts but also offers insightful project report overviews, giving you a glimpse into the practical implementation and potential impact of each idea. From renewable energy startups to zero-waste initiatives, this book covers a wide range of eco-friendly ventures suitable for entrepreneurs, environmental enthusiasts, and business professionals alike. Each idea is accompanied by a concise project report overview, detailing key aspects such as feasibility, market analysis, environmental impact assessment, and more. Whether you're seeking inspiration for your next green business endeavor or looking to deepen your understanding of sustainable entrepreneurship, "427 Eco-Friendly Business Ideas: Project Report Overviews" is your essential resource for navigating the landscape of eco-conscious innovation. Dive in, explore, and embark on the journey towards a greener, more sustainable future today.
Evaluation Of Energy Systems For Distributed Green Data Centres Using Lifetime Cash Flow Analysis
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Evaluation Of Energy Systems For Distributed Green Data Centres Using Lifetime Cash Flow Analysis written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Distributed Green Data Centres (DGDC) are micro-data centre collocated with renewable energy generation sources. Multiple DGDCs are networked together to share information and computing processes. In this thesis, a year-long DGDC simulation balances the computing demand and supply each hour with variable renewable energy production and electricity prices. A five-year Net Present Value (NPV) analysis determines the optimal energy system with the lowest lifetime cost of computing (LCC), equal to the net present value divided by the amount of electricity used for computing. The LCC fairly compares alternative energy systems by the ability to provide lowest cost computing. Grid-isolated DGDCs with 100kW of solar panels have an optimal computing capacity of 20kW and a 20 hour battery capacity. When the optimal grid-isolated DGDC is connected to the Ithaca electricity grid the battery storage is 10 hours and the LCC is $10/MWh less. The NYSERDA Solar PV Program applied to a grid-tied DGDC reduces the panel cost by $76,806 and reduces the LCC by 8.5%. Grid-tied DGDCs in Ontario are not feasible due to the high Feed-in-Tariff incentive to sell electricity. A grid-isolated DGDC is optimal in Ithaca when the cost of transmission infrastructure upgrades are greater than $8291 or when the value of a generated Renewable Energy Credits (REC) are higher than $38/MWh. Both on- and off-grid DGDCs use equal amount of energy for computing but a grid-tied DGDC is able to sell 26% of electricity from a 100kW solar system with only 10kW of transmission capacity. Grid-tied DGDCs are active market participants responding to electricity price signals. DGDCs buy low-cost electricity and sell electricity when prices are high. On average the cost of energy used by the DGDC is $19/MWh less than grid electricity. DGDCs provide a reliable source of computing for high-priority applications such as video streaming as well as a low-cost option for time independent tasks such as batch processes or cloud storage.