Advanced Non Animal Models In Biomedical Research
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Advanced Non Animal Models In Biomedical Research Autoimmune Diseases
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Author : Manel Juan Otero
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Advanced Non Animal Models In Biomedical Research Autoimmune Diseases written by Manel Juan Otero and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
Advanced Non Animal Models In Biomedical Research
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Advanced Non Animal Models In Biomedical Research written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) are a fast-growing class of innovative biological products. They include somatic cell therapy, gene therapy, tissue-engineering and their combinations, and they hold the key for new treatments for rare diseases and the establishment of personalised medicine. Nevertheless, several hurdles are currently hampering the faster development and wider clinical use of ATMPs, one of which is safety and their immunogenic potential. Testing for immunogenicity of cell-based, gene-based or tissue-engineered products in animals has uncovered the intricate limitations of in vivo models. There is, therefore, a growing need for innovative non-animal methods to better mimic patient immune responses to ATMPs. The JRC's EU Reference Laboratory for alternatives to animal testing (EURL ECVAM) conducted a study to review the state-of-the art of advanced non-animal models used in immunogenicity testing for ATMPs. The majority of the 88 models that were identified were based on in vitro techniques with a limited amount of in silico methods, and most of these focused on the investigation of cell therapy products. Furthermore, most of the identified methods used classical 2D primary cell cultures in a low throughput format, typically yielding limited amounts of measurement information. This review highlights a pressing need for the development and acceptance of more sophisticated and innovative non-animal approaches in this field which will pave the way for the broader use of ATMPs in the clinic.
Advanced Non Animal Models In Biomedical Research
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Advanced Non Animal Models In Biomedical Research written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) are a fast-growing class of innovative biological products. They include somatic cell therapy, gene therapy, tissue-engineering and their combinations, and they hold the key for new treatments for rare diseases and the establishment of personalised medicine. Nevertheless, several hurdles are currently hampering the faster development and wider clinical use of ATMPs, one of which is safety and their immunogenic potential. Testing for immunogenicity of cell-based, gene-based or tissue-engineered products in animals has uncovered the intricate limitations of in vivo models. There is, therefore, a growing need for innovative non-animal methods to better mimic patient immune responses to ATMPs. The JRC's EU Reference Laboratory for alternatives to animal testing (EURL ECVAM) conducted a study to review the state-of-the art of advanced non-animal models used in immunogenicity testing for ATMPs. The majority of the 88 models that were identified were based on in vitro techniques with a limited amount of in silico methods, and most of these focused on the investigation of cell therapy products. Furthermore, most of the identified methods used classical 2D primary cell cultures in a low throughput format, typically yielding limited amounts of measurement information. This review highlights a pressing need for the development and acceptance of more sophisticated and innovative non-animal approaches in this field which will pave the way for the broader use of ATMPs in the clinic.
Advanced Non Animal Models In Biomedical Research
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Advanced Non Animal Models In Biomedical Research written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
Neurodegenerative diseases cause progressive loss of cognitive and motor function and pose major challenges to societies with aging populations. Existing therapies for neurodegenerative diseases are limited, and typically only treat the symptoms rather than providing a cure. Although there has been considerable investment in research, based predominantly on animal models, progress in discovering and approving effective treatments has been poor. The JRC's EU Reference Laboratory for alternatives to animal testing (EURL ECVAM) launched a study to collect current and emerging non-animal models used in the field of neurodegenerative diseases. The overall aim is to provide an inventory and scientific evaluation of innovative (human-based) non-animal models and approaches currently in use for basic and applied research in the field of neurodegenerative diseases, more specifically Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. More than 13,000 abstracts were screened to review and catalogue different alternative methods developed or used between 2013 and 2018. The resulting inventory includes 568 models, ranging from biochemical and computational approaches to different types of cell cultures and procedures using ex vivo human material. The inventory supports increased adoption and acceptance of alternative methods in neurodegenerative disease research and provides insights into emerging trends and promising areas for further development.
Advanced Non Animal Models In Biomedical Research
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Advanced Non Animal Models In Biomedical Research written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
It is widely recognised that immuno-oncology has revolutionised cancer treatment. Nevertheless there are still major hurdles in addressing several key medical questions. Among these, there is a lack of preclinical animal models capable of mimicking patient conditions and predicting responses to new therapies. Therefore, there is an ongoing need to develop more comprehensive, functional non-animal models. The JRC's EU Reference Laboratory for alternatives to animal testing (EURL ECVAM) conducted a study to review the state-of-the-art of advanced non-animal models in use for immuno-oncology research. In this study around 130,000 peer-reviewed publications on immuno-oncology were initially retrieved and screened for representative papers describing innovative and promising advanced non-animal models. The review identified 542 peer-reviewed articles as being the most relevant according to defined criteria. The majority of these advanced models was focused on studying the biological mechanism responsible for cancer initiation and development and developing efficient and safe immunotherapies. Approximately 10% of the analysed publications highlight the importance of novel and improved approaches to test the therapeutic strategies.
Advanced Non Animal Models In Biomedical Research
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Advanced Non Animal Models In Biomedical Research written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
The European Cancer Information System (ECIS) indicates that in the EU over 355,000 women were diagnosed with breast cancer in 2020 (13.3% of all cancer diagnoses). Despite advances in early detection and better understanding of the molecular bases of breast cancer biology, approximately 30% of all patients with early-stage breast cancer have recurrent disease, which is metastatic in most cases. To offer better treatment with increased efficacy and low toxicity, selecting therapies based on the patient and the clinical and molecular characteristics of the tumour is necessary. Although preclinical breast cancer research relies heavily on animal models, experimental approaches that more accurately recapitulate breast cancer pathogenesis are still missing. Furthermore, in vivo models, mostly rodents, present some disadvantages: high costs; high-variability (due to lack of standardisation across laboratories); and most importantly the physiological environment provided is not the human one. Therefore, the JRC's EU Reference Laboratory for alternatives to animal testing (EURL ECVAM) launched a study to survey the state of the art of human-based models for breast cancer described in the scientific literature from January 2014 to March 2019, by retrieving specific information from 935 selected peer-reviewed publications.
Advanced Non Animal Models In Biomedical Research
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Advanced Non Animal Models In Biomedical Research written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
This report presents an overview of available and emerging non-animal models in the field of cardiovascular disease (CVD) research. Over 14,000 abstracts published between 2013 and 2019 were scanned for relevant non-animal methods for CVD. From these, 449 publications were identified as candidate methods according to selected inclusion/exclusion criteria. In vitro cell and tissue cultures, human ex vivo and in silico approaches were considered and collated into a catalogue to form a key knowledge source for researchers, educators and national ethics and funding authorities. The study confirmed that cell-based models represent fine-tuned approaches, however most of the time they intrinsically lack in three-dimensional structure, except for the growing, yet specific field of cardiovascular tissue engineered constructs. The ex vivo methods are used to overcome the dimensionality limitation, while maintaining the required experimental accuracy. Nevertheless, most of the analysed ex vivo models use animal or human explanted organs, with the difficulty in maintaining their integrity for a long time. Beyond the purely hemodynamic applications offered by computational fluid-dynamics approaches, the computational methods are used to reproduce complex systems, including tissue/organ electrophysiology and tissue remodelling, potentially enabling personalised medicine approaches. In the future, such methods could replace many animal-based experiments in elucidating disease mechanisms and aiding in therapies development.
Advanced Non Animal Models In Biomedical Research
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Advanced Non Animal Models In Biomedical Research written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
The European Commission's Joint Research centre (JRC) has undertaken a study to review available and emerging non-animal models in the field of respiratory tract diseases. In a detailed analysis of the scientific literature, over 21,000 abstracts (11,636 non-cancer and 9,421 cancer) were scanned for relevant non-animal models of respiratory disease. From this, a total of 284 publications were finally identified as being promising candidate models according to a set of inclusion/exclusion criteria. In vitro cell and tissue cultures, human ex vivo, in silico approaches were chiefly considered. These models have been collated into a catalogue of biomedical disease models that will form a key knowledge source for researchers, educators and national ethics and funding authorities. Simple cell culture models using immortalised cell lines are long-established, are inexpensive and quick, however they poorly reflect complex disease mechanism observed in vivo. The emerging use of more physiologically-relevant models of disease, such a 3D human tissue cultures, spheroids, organoids, and microfluidic 'lung-on-a-chip' based systems shows immense promise for the development of in vitro model systems that can more accurately mimic human respiratory diseases. This review shows that, while simple models are still prominent and have their uses, research focus has, in the past 5 years, being shifting towards increasingly sophisticated bioengineering approaches that recapitulate lung development, anatomy and physiologic functions in vitro. Such approaches hold the promise of more human-relevant disease models that can be used to elucidate mechanism of disease and aid in the development of new therapies.
Advanced Non Animal Models In Biomedical Research
DOWNLOAD
Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Advanced Non Animal Models In Biomedical Research written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
The European Cancer Information System (ECIS) indicates that in the EU over 355,000 women were diagnosed with breast cancer in 2020 (13.3% of all cancer diagnoses). Despite advances in early detection and better understanding of the molecular bases of breast cancer biology, approximately 30% of all patients with early-stage breast cancer have recurrent disease, which is metastatic in most cases. To offer better treatment with increased efficacy and low toxicity, selecting therapies based on the patient and the clinical and molecular characteristics of the tumour is necessary. Although preclinical breast cancer research relies heavily on animal models, experimental approaches that more accurately recapitulate breast cancer pathogenesis are still missing. Furthermore, in vivo models, mostly rodents, present some disadvantages: high costs; high-variability (due to lack of standardisation across laboratories); and most importantly the physiological environment provided is not the human one. Therefore, the JRC's EU Reference Laboratory for alternatives to animal testing (EURL ECVAM) launched a study to survey the state of the art of human-based models for breast cancer described in the scientific literature from January 2014 to March 2019, by retrieving specific information from 935 selected peer-reviewed publications.
Advanced Non Animal Models In Biomedical Research
DOWNLOAD
Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Advanced Non Animal Models In Biomedical Research written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
The European Commission's Joint Research centre (JRC) has undertaken a study to review available and emerging non-animal models in the field of respiratory tract diseases. In a detailed analysis of the scientific literature, over 21,000 abstracts (11,636 non-cancer and 9,421 cancer) were scanned for relevant non-animal models of respiratory disease. From this, a total of 284 publications were finally identified as being promising candidate models according to a set of inclusion/exclusion criteria. In vitro cell and tissue cultures, human ex vivo, in silico approaches were chiefly considered. These models have been collated into a catalogue of biomedical disease models that will form a key knowledge source for researchers, educators and national ethics and funding authorities. Simple cell culture models using immortalised cell lines are long-established, are inexpensive and quick, however they poorly reflect complex disease mechanism observed in vivo. The emerging use of more physiologically-relevant models of disease, such a 3D human tissue cultures, spheroids, organoids, and microfluidic 'lung-on-a-chip' based systems shows immense promise for the development of in vitro model systems that can more accurately mimic human respiratory diseases. This review shows that, while simple models are still prominent and have their uses, research focus has, in the past 5 years, being shifting towards increasingly sophisticated bioengineering approaches that recapitulate lung development, anatomy and physiologic functions in vitro. Such approaches hold the promise of more human-relevant disease models that can be used to elucidate mechanism of disease and aid in the development of new therapies.