Advancing The Characterization Of Neuronal Cyto Architecture By X Ray Phase Contrast Tomography
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Advancing The Characterization Of Neuronal Cyto Architecture By X Ray Phase Contrast Tomography
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Author : Marina Eckermann
language : en
Publisher: Universitätsverlag Göttingen
Release Date : 2021
Advancing The Characterization Of Neuronal Cyto Architecture By X Ray Phase Contrast Tomography written by Marina Eckermann and has been published by Universitätsverlag Göttingen this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
To bring physiology and pathology of the human brain into better micro-anatomical and histological context, studies with different methodologies are required. Established techniques such as electron microscopy or histology show limitations in view of invasiveness, labor-intense and artifact-prone sample preparation, as well as an adequate ratio between resolution and volume throughput. For this reason, X-ray phase-contrast tomography (PC-CT) has been proposed as a three-dimensional non-destructive imaging technique, which requires less effort in sample preparation and can assess larger volumes. Furthermore, it offers quantitative electron density based contrast even for unstained tissue. Up to now, however, PC-CT studies fell short in number of samples, so that structural alterations caused by neurodegenerative diseases cannot be distinguished from physiological inter-subject variations. In this thesis, the scalability of PC-CT with respect to the required number of samples and resolution-to-volume-throughput is demonstrated, and the methodology is advanced with respect to data acquisition, processing and segmentation. In addition to the human cerebellum, cortex and hippocampus are studied. Concerning quantification and analysis of PC-CT data, this work introduces optimal transport analysis to obtain quantitative metrics of the cyto-architecture and to identify changes due to neurodegenerative diseases. For the case of Alzheimer’s disease, this workflow reveals a yet undescribed compactification of granular cells in the human hippocampus. This thesis also provides optimized configurations to study neural tissues with laboratory instrumentation, and – finally – provides new correlative imaging approaches, in particular with scanning electron microscopy.
Advancing The Characterization Of Neuronal Cyto Architecture By X Ray Phase Contrast Tomography
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Author : Marina Eckermann
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Advancing The Characterization Of Neuronal Cyto Architecture By X Ray Phase Contrast Tomography written by Marina Eckermann and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
To bring physiology and pathology of the human brain into better micro-anatomical and histological context, studies with different methodologies are required. Established techniques such as electron microscopy or histology show limitations in view of invasiveness, labor-intense and artifact-prone sample preparation, as well as an adequate ratio between resolution and volume throughput. For this reason, X-ray phase-contrast tomography (PC-CT) has been proposed as a three-dimensional non-destructive imaging technique, which requires less effort in sample preparation and can assess larger volumes. Furthermore, it offers quantitative electron density based contrast even for unstained tissue. Up to now, however, PC-CT studies fell short in number of samples, so that structural alterations caused by neurodegenerative diseases cannot be distinguished from physiological inter-subject variations. In this thesis, the scalability of PC-CT with respect to the required number of samples and resolution-to-volume-throughput is demonstrated, and the methodology is advanced with respect to data acquisition, processing and segmentation. In addition to the human cerebellum, cortex and hippocampus are studied. Concerning quantification and analysis of PC-CT data, this work introduces optimal transport analysis to obtain quantitative metrics of the cyto-architecture and to identify changes due to neurodegenerative diseases. For the case of Alzheimer's disease, this workflow reveals a yet undescribed compactification of granular cells in the human hippocampus. This thesis also provides optimized configurations to study neural tissues with laboratory instrumentation, and - finally - provides new correlative imaging approaches, in particular with scanning electron microscopy.
3d Virtual Histology Of Neuronal Tissue By Propagation Based X Ray Phase Contrast Tomography
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Author : Mareike Töpperwien
language : en
Publisher: Göttingen University Press
Release Date : 2018
3d Virtual Histology Of Neuronal Tissue By Propagation Based X Ray Phase Contrast Tomography written by Mareike Töpperwien and has been published by Göttingen University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Deciphering the three-dimensional (3d) cytoarchitecture of neuronal tissue is an important step towards understanding the connection between tissue function and structure and determining relevant changes in neurodegenerative diseases. The gold standard in pathology is histology, in which the tissue is examined under a light microscope after serial sectioning and subsequent staining. It is an invasive and labor-intensive technique which is prone to artifacts due to the slicing procedure. While it provides excellent results on the 2d slices, the 3d anatomy can only be determined after aligning the individual sections, leading to a non-isotropic resolution within the tissue. X-ray computed tomography (CT) offers a promising alternative due to its potential resolution and large penetration depth which allows for non-invasive imaging of the sample's 3d density distribution. In classical CT, contrast formation is based on absorption of the x-rays as they pass through the sample. However, weakly absorbing samples like soft tissue from the central nervous system give nearly no contrast. By exploiting the much stronger phase shifts for contrast formation, which the sample induces in a (partially) coherent wavefront, it can be substantially increased. During free-space propagation behind the sample, these phase shifts are converted to a measurable intensity image by interference of the disturbed wave fronts. In this thesis, 3d virtual histology is performed by means of propagation-based x-ray phase-contrast tomography on tissue from the central nervous system of humans and mice. A combination of synchrotron-based and laboratory setups is used to visualize the 3d density distribution on varying lengths scales from the whole organ down to single cells. By comparing and optimizing different preparation techniques and phase-retrieval approaches, even sub-cellular resolution can be reached in mm-sized tissue blocks. The development of an automatic cell segmentation workflow provides access to the 3d cellular distribution within the tissue, enabling the quantification of the cellular arrangement and allowing for extensive statistical analysis based on several thousands to millions of cells. This paves the way for biomedical studies aimed at changes in cellular distribution, e.g., in the course of neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease or ischemic stroke.
Make Life Visible
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Author : Yoshiaki Toyama
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2019-10-02
Make Life Visible written by Yoshiaki Toyama and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-02 with Medical categories.
This open access book describes marked advances in imaging technology that have enabled the visualization of phenomena in ways formerly believed to be completelyimpossible. These technologies have made major contributions to the elucidation of the pathology of diseases as well as to their diagnosis and therapy. The volume presents various studies from molecular imaging to clinical imaging. It also focuses on innovative, creative, advanced research that gives full play to imaging technology inthe broad sense, while exploring cross-disciplinary areas in which individual research fields interact and pursuing the development of new techniques where they fuse together. The book is separated into three parts, the first of which addresses the topic of visualizing and controlling molecules for life. Th e second part is devoted to imaging of disease mechanisms, while the final part comprises studies on the application of imaging technologies to diagnosis and therapy. Th e book contains the proceedings of the 12th Uehara International Symposium 2017, “Make Life Visible” sponsored by the Uehara Memorial Foundation and held from June 12 to 14, 2017. It is written by leading scientists in the field and is an open access publication under a CC BY 4.0 license.
Mammography And Beyond
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2001-07-23
Mammography And Beyond written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-07-23 with Medical categories.
Each year more than 180,000 new cases of breast cancer are diagnosed in women in the U.S. If cancer is detected when small and local, treatment options are less dangerous, intrusive, and costly-and more likely to lead to a cure. Yet those simple facts belie the complexity of developing and disseminating acceptable techniques for breast cancer diagnosis. Even the most exciting new technologies remain clouded with uncertainty. Mammography and Beyond provides a comprehensive and up-to-date perspective on the state of breast cancer screening and diagnosis and recommends steps for developing the most reliable breast cancer detection methods possible. This book reviews the dramatic expansion of breast cancer awareness and screening, examining the capabilities and limitations of current and emerging technologies for breast cancer detection and their effectiveness at actually reducing deaths. The committee discusses issues including national policy toward breast cancer detection, roles of public and private agencies, problems in determining the success of a technique, availability of detection methods to specific populations of women, women's experience during the detection process, cost-benefit analyses, and more. Examining current practices and specifying research and other needs, Mammography and Beyond will be an indispensable resource to policy makers, public health officials, medical practitioners, researchers, women's health advocates, and concerned women and their families.
Guide To Research Techniques In Neuroscience
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Author : Matt Carter
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2022-03-26
Guide To Research Techniques In Neuroscience written by Matt Carter and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-03-26 with Medical categories.
Modern neuroscience research is inherently multidisciplinary, with a wide variety of cutting edge new techniques to explore multiple levels of investigation. This Third Edition of Guide to Research Techniques in Neuroscience provides a comprehensive overview of classical and cutting edge methods including their utility, limitations, and how data are presented in the literature. This book can be used as an introduction to neuroscience techniques for anyone new to the field or as a reference for any neuroscientist while reading papers or attending talks. - Nearly 200 updated full-color illustrations to clearly convey the theory and practice of neuroscience methods - Expands on techniques from previous editions and covers many new techniques including in vivo calcium imaging, fiber photometry, RNA-Seq, brain spheroids, CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, and more - Clear, straightforward explanations of each technique for anyone new to the field - A broad scope of methods, from noninvasive brain imaging in human subjects, to electrophysiology in animal models, to recombinant DNA technology in test tubes, to transfection of neurons in cell culture - Detailed recommendations on where to find protocols and other resources for specific techniques - "Walk-through" boxes that guide readers through experiments step-by-step
Cumulated Index Medicus
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1986
Cumulated Index Medicus written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with Medicine categories.
Neuroimaging In Developmental Clinical Neuroscience
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Author : Judith M. Rumsey
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2009-02-19
Neuroimaging In Developmental Clinical Neuroscience written by Judith M. Rumsey and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-02-19 with Medical categories.
Modern neuroimaging offers tremendous opportunities for gaining insights into normative development and a wide array of developmental neuropsychiatric disorders. Focusing on ontogeny, this text covers basic processes involved in both healthy and atypical maturation, and also addresses the range of neuroimaging techniques most widely used for studying children. This book will enable you to understand normative structural and functional brain maturation and the mechanisms underlying basic developmental processes; become familiar with current knowledge and hypotheses concerning the neural bases of developmental neuropsychiatric disorders; and learn about neuroimaging techniques, including their unique strengths and limitations. Coverage includes normal developmental processes, atypical processing in developmental neuropsychiatric disorders, ethical issues, neuroimaging techniques and their integration with psychopharmacologic and molecular genetic research approaches, and future directions. This comprehensive volume is an essential resource for neurologists, neuropsychologists, psychiatrists, pediatricians, and radiologists concerned with normal development and developmental neuropsychiatric disorders.
Detection Systems In Lung Cancer And Imaging Volume 1
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Author : Ayman El-Baz
language : en
Publisher: IOP Publishing Limited
Release Date : 2022-01-20
Detection Systems In Lung Cancer And Imaging Volume 1 written by Ayman El-Baz and has been published by IOP Publishing Limited this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-01-20 with Medical categories.
This book focuses on major trends and challenges in the detection of lung cancer, presenting work aimed at identifying new techniques and their use in biomedical analysis. This volume covers recent advancements in lung cancer and imaging detection and classification, examining the main applications of Computer aided diagnosis (CAD) relating to lung cancer: lung nodule segmentation, lung nodule classification, and Big Data in lung cancer. Ideal for academics working in lung cancer, data-mining, machine learning, deep learning and reinforcement learning, as well as industry professionals working in the areas of healthcare, lung cancer imaging, machine learning, deep learning and reinforcement learning, this edited collection comprises an essential reference for researchers at the forefront of the field, and provides a high-level entry point for more advanced students. Key Features: -Unique focus on advance work in detection system and classification systems. -An updated reference for lung cancer detection via imaging. -Focus on progressive deep learning and machine learning applications for more effective detection.
Electron Tomography
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Author : Joachim Frank
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-03-05
Electron Tomography written by Joachim Frank and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-03-05 with Science categories.
This definitive work provides a comprehensive treatment of the mathematical background and working methods of three-dimensional reconstruction from tilt series. Special emphasis is placed on the problems presented by limitations of data collection in the transmission electron microscope. The book, extensively revised and updated, takes the reader from biological specimen preparation to three-dimensional images of the cell and its components.