Afghanistan 101
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Afghanistan 101
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Author : Ehsan M. Entezar
language : en
Publisher: Xlibris Corporation
Release Date : 2008-01-04
Afghanistan 101 written by Ehsan M. Entezar and has been published by Xlibris Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-01-04 with History categories.
Afghanistan 101 is an introduction to Afghan culture. More specifically, this dimensional analysis discusses Power Distance (PD), Uncertainty Avoidance (UA), Individualism (IND), and Masculinity (MAS) in the Afghan national culture. These dimensions are based on the work of the well-known Dutch anthropologist Geert Hofestede. The manifestations of these cultural dimensions explain the attitudes and actions of Afghans. Each chapter on dimensions also includes a section where the implications of a particular dimension are pointed out to the Westerner working in Afghanistan. Power Distance, the first dimension of culture, describes the relationship between a less powerful person and a more powerful one. As Afghanistan is on the high side of PD, social power is coercive in Afghanistan. One comes to power by force and is ousted by force; wealth and power are inseparable; decision making is autocratic and consultative; expert power does not carry much weight; age and charisma are important; and in Afghanistan, it is the authority of the person rather than the authority of position or rule that counts most. Uncertainty avoidance, the second dimension, involves dealing with fear and ambiguity—fear of nature, fear of other men, and fear of the supernatural. UA is negatively related to PD. A high PD society is on the low side of UA. Cultures use three methods to deal with fear and ambiguity: law, technology, and religion. Being on the low side of UA, Afghans rely heavily on Islam to reduce fear and uncertainty because they cannot rely on technology or the rule of law. The fundamental religious beliefs that help Afghans cope with fear and uncertainty are (1) life in this world temporary, (2) the source of both good and evil is God, and (3) God is just and will punish the oppressors and evil-doers in this world and in the next. Individualism versus collectivism, the third dimension of culture, relates to the relationship of an individual to a collectivity. In nonindividualistic societies such as Afghanistan, one’s loyalty and devotion is first and foremost to the family, ethnic or other collectivity, rather than to the country as a whole. Such loyalties are characteristic of nonnation-states, and are best explained as “Afghan nationalism” that is based on ethnicity, sect, region, and ideology. Afghanistan is not and has never been a nation-state. In a nation-state, people rally around the constitution, the flag, the national anthem, and other such symbols instead of their ethnicity, sect, region, ideology, and so on. Furthermore, a nation-state is based on the rule of law, checks and balances, human rights, freedom of the press, political parties, free and fair elections, accountability, and transparency. The concept of a nation-state is a Western phenomenon, although the roots of a nation-state are deep in some Islamic countries, shallow in others, and nonexistent in others. Turkey, the first Islamic country to have become a nation-state, falls into the first category whereas Afghanistan, into the last. For Afghanistan to move in the direction of becoming a nation-state, some type of federalism may be the only way to prevent further ethnic conflict and another civil war. Masculinity, the fourth dimension of culture, describes the degree to which there is a gender gap within a culture. Afghanistan is on the high side of MAS. As such, sex roles are set in the family and are reinforced in the schools, workplace, and other social organizations. In general, males are taught to be assertive and females, nurturing. In Afghan society, male assertiveness generally involves aggressiveness, bravery, endurance, leadership, power, dominance, and independence. Female nurturance, on the other hand, is characterized by submissiveness, patience, tenderness, and affection. It is Islamic fundamentalism and Afghan cultural tradition, rather than mainstream Islam, that limits the rights
101 Ways To Help The Cause In Afghanistan
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Author : Jim Hake
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
101 Ways To Help The Cause In Afghanistan written by Jim Hake and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Afghanistan categories.
Help the Cause provides 101 ways you can make a difference in Afghanistan. You'll discover how you can reach around the world to help the Afghan people and increase the safety, well-being and success of our troops. Help the Cause is about initiative, optimism and service. It shows you how to help Afghan women earn a living with microloans and business training; how to give clothing, blankets and shoes to Afghan children; and, how to support education and job creation. Help the Cause is also a handbook for supporting our troops. You'll learn how to assist a Soldier who is helping Afghan women become midwives. You'll read how to support a Marine who is providing solar-powered radios that open remote villages to the world and another who is supplying schools for children previously denied an education. You'll find new ways to care for our troops in Afghanistan and those who have served.
101 Poems Of The War In Afghanistan
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Author : David P. Staffa
language : en
Publisher: iUniverse
Release Date : 2011-09-28
101 Poems Of The War In Afghanistan written by David P. Staffa and has been published by iUniverse this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-09-28 with Poetry categories.
Soldiers go through a lot of emotional pain and they tend not to share their feelings with others. The military looks down upon any soldier that indicate to them that they may have emotional issue. In fact, some units have degraded soldiers publicly and humiliated them for their feelings. This book of poems is an attempt to reach those soldiers, wives, and military leaders and help them understand some of the rage within these men and women.
West Of Kabul East Of San Francisco
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Author : Ehsan M. Entezar
language : en
Publisher: Xlibris Corporation
Release Date : 2016-10-07
West Of Kabul East Of San Francisco written by Ehsan M. Entezar and has been published by Xlibris Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-07 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
West of Kabul, East of San Francisco is the highlights of my life story. Keeping a diary is not common in developing countries such as Afghanistan, and this makes autobiographies less common in these countries. The existing biographies and autobiographies in the Islamic countries are mostly those about the Prophet Mohammad and other important religious figures or monarchs. These biographies, however, are full of praise. This historic precedent has also had its effect on autobiographies written by Western-educated Afghans. They too are full of praise and criticisms of rivals, rarely talking about their own problems and weaknesses. In other words, they are mostly self-centered and egotistical in nature. In West of Kabul, East of San Francisco, I have tried to be as objective as possible in avoiding such pitfalls. I describe events and relationships as realistically as possible. But I realize that no one can entirely escape the influence of their mother culture.
Marathon War
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Author : Jeffrey Schloesser Major General US Army Retired
language : en
Publisher: Knox Press
Release Date : 2021-05-25
Marathon War written by Jeffrey Schloesser Major General US Army Retired and has been published by Knox Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-05-25 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
War is the most brutal of human endeavors, and I have experienced enough war to know to take cover when politicians and poets and armchair warriors speak extravagantly of patriotism and national honor. Join Major General Schloesser in the daily grind of warfare fought in the most forbidding of terrain, with sometimes uncertain or untested allies, Afghan corruption and Pakistani bet hedging, and the mounting casualties of war which erode and bring into question Schloesser’s most profoundly held convictions and beliefs. Among several battles, Schloesser takes readers deep into the Battle of Wanat, where nine U.S. soldiers were killed in a fierce, up-close fight to prevent a new operating base from being overrun. This encounter required Schloesser to make tactical decisions that had dramatic strategic impact, and led him to doubts: Can this war even be won? If so, what will it take? This book is a rare insight and reflection into the thoughts of critical national decision-makers including President George W. Bush, Secretary of Defense Robert Gates, then Senator Barack Obama, and numerous foreign leaders including Afghan President Hamid Karzai. Key military leaders—including then Chairman of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff Admiral Michael Mullen, then Central Command Commanding General David Petraeus, then Lieutenant General and future Chairman Martin Dempsey, and International Security Force Commander General David McKiernan—all play roles in the book, among many others, including Chairman of the Joint Chiefs General Mark Milley and Army Chief of Staff General James McConville. Analyzing their leadership in the chaos of war Schloesser ultimately concludes that successful leadership in combat is best based on competence, courage, and character.
A Brief History Of Afghanistan
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Author : Shaista Wahab
language : en
Publisher: Infobase Publishing
Release Date : 2007
A Brief History Of Afghanistan written by Shaista Wahab and has been published by Infobase Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Afghanistan categories.
Located along the busy trade routes between Asia and Europe, Afghanistan was for centuries a place where a diverse set of cultures met and exchanged goods and ideas.
Pale Horse
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Author : Jimmy Blackmon
language : en
Publisher: St. Martin's Press
Release Date : 2016-03-08
Pale Horse written by Jimmy Blackmon and has been published by St. Martin's Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-08 with History categories.
Pale Horse is the remarkable never-before-told true story of an army aviation task force during combat in the Afghan War, told by the commanding officer who was there. Set in the very valleys where the attacks of 9/11 were conceived, and where ten Medals of Honor have been earned since that fateful day the war began, the narrative races from ferocious firefights and bravery in battle to the quiet moments where the courageous men and women of Task Force Pale Horse catch their breath before they take to the skies again. Jimmy F. Blackmon writes with a power and hard-hitting honesty that leaps off the page. He has the respect of the men and women of his brigade, and a command of the narrative to tell their story. From pilots of lethal Apache attack helicopters who strike fear in their enemies to the medevac soldiers who risk their lives daily, these are warriors from a variety of backgrounds who learned selflessness and found the closest brotherhood they ever knew through the crucible of war. Pale Horse both honors and commemorates the service of this elite task force from the unique vantage point of the commander who led them in battle.
Afghanistan
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Author : Chris Johnson
language : en
Publisher: Zed Books
Release Date : 2004-11
Afghanistan written by Chris Johnson and has been published by Zed Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-11 with History categories.
With the re-building of the failed Afghan state now at the center of the new international intervention, this book explores how the perceptions of outsiders have been at odds with Afghans' own understandings of their country. It shows how the lack of understanding that characterized past policies remains highly problematical. By continuing to indulge in a superficial, selective portrayal of the country, the international community risks manufacturing a state that does not exist, and policies that will not work.
Afghanistan The People
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Author : Erinn Banting
language : en
Publisher: Crabtree Publishing Company
Release Date : 2003
Afghanistan The People written by Erinn Banting and has been published by Crabtree Publishing Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Juvenile Nonfiction categories.
Explores how the history, climate, geography, ethnology, wars, and religion of Afghanistan have shaped the customs and practices of modern daily life in the mountains, deserts, and cities.
Why We Lost
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Author : Daniel P. Bolger
language : en
Publisher: HMH
Release Date : 2014-11-11
Why We Lost written by Daniel P. Bolger and has been published by HMH this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-11-11 with History categories.
A commander’s “compelling” behind-the-scenes view of the United States at war after 9/11, from high-level strategy to combat on the ground (The Wall Street Journal). Over his thirty-five year career, Daniel P. Bolger rose through the ranks of the army infantry to become a three-star general, commanding in both Afghanistan and Iraq. Perhaps more than anyone else, he was witness to the full extent of these wars, from September 11th to withdrawal from the region. Not only did Bolger participate in top-level planning and strategy meetings, he also regularly carried a rifle alongside soldiers in combat actions. Writing with hard-won experience and unflinching honesty, Bolger argues that while we lost in Iraq and Afghanistan, we did not have to. Intelligence was garbled. Key decision makers were blinded by spreadsheets or theories. And we never really understood our enemy. Why We Lost is a timely, forceful, and compulsively readable account from a fresh and authoritative perspective, “filled with heartfelt stories of soldiers and Marines in firefights and close combat. It weighs in mightily to the ongoing debate over how the United States should wage war” (The Washington Post).