African American Golfers During The Jim Crow Era
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African American Golfers During The Jim Crow Era
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Author : Marvin P. Dawkins
language : en
Publisher: Praeger
Release Date : 2000-01-30
African American Golfers During The Jim Crow Era written by Marvin P. Dawkins and has been published by Praeger this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-01-30 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
Throughout the period of legally supported segregation in the United States, practices of racial discrimination, touching every sector of American life, prevented African Americans from participating formally in professional sports. Jim Crow policies remained in place in baseball, football, and basketball until a few years before the Supreme Court struck down the separate but equal doctrine in 1954. By the late 1950s, the African American presence was felt in major sports. But this was not the case in professional golf, which continued to maintain segregation policies perpetuating the stereotype that African Americans were suited only to caddie roles in support of white players. The Professional Golfers Association, unaffected by the 1954 Brown decision since it was a private organization, maintained a Caucasian only membership clause until 1961. All-white private clubs maintained racial exclusion until the PGA Championship Shoal Creek Country Club Affair in 1990. Using black newspapers, archives, interviews with living professional golfers and other informants, and black club records, Dawkins and Kinloch reconstruct the world of segregated African American golf from the 1890s onward. In the process they show the pivotal role of Joe Louis, who claimed his hardest fight was the one against segregated golf. While others have documented the rise of an African American presence in other sports, no comparable efforts have traced their roles in golf. This is a pioneering work that will be a resource for other writers and researchers and all who are interested in Black life in American society and sports.
A Missing Link In History
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Author : Ramona Harriet
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
A Missing Link In History written by Ramona Harriet and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with African American golfers categories.
"Chronicles the history of African Americans in Golf from the 1800s to 2015. Emerging from the Jim Crow Era, "A Missing Link In History: The Journey of African Americans in Golf" includes a wealth of historical information found over more than a century's span. Discover little-known facts. Glimpse prejudices and hardships. See how African Americans helped fashion significant changes to America's beloved "gentlemen's sport". Revel in the triumphs of African Americans who left a legacy to the game of golf and American history. Recommended for children and adults, this one-of-a-kind publication illustrates how African American golf history has impacted the world of golf and America's civil liberties. Factual, educational, and entertaining, "A Missing Link in History" will take you through an unbelievable journey of pride, perseverance, and power!"--Amazon.com.
A Missing Link In History
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Author : Ramona Harriet
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2015-11-24
A Missing Link In History written by Ramona Harriet and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-24 with categories.
Chronicles the history of African Americans in Golf from the 1800s into 2015. Emerging from the Jim Crow Era, "A Missing Link In History: The Journey of African Americans in Golf" includes a wealth of historical information found over more than a century's span. Discover little-known facts. Glimpse prejudices and hardships. See how African Americans helped fashion significant changes to America's beloved "gentlemen's sport." Revel in the triumphs of African Americans who left a legacy to the game of golf and American history. Recommended for children and adults, this one-of-a-kind publication illustrates how African American golf history has impacted the world of golf and America's civil liberties. "A Missing Link in History" . . . factual, educational, and entertaining, will take you through an unbelievable journey of pride, perseverance, and power! (Updated second edition)
The World Of Jim Crow America 2 Volumes
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Author : Steven A. Reich
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Release Date : 2019-06-24
The World Of Jim Crow America 2 Volumes written by Steven A. Reich and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-24 with History categories.
This two-volume set is a thematically-arranged encyclopedia covering the social, political, and material culture of America during the Jim Crow Era. What was daily life really like for ordinary African American people in Jim Crow America, the hundred-year period of enforced legal segregation that began immediately after the Civil War and continued until the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965? What did they eat, wear, believe, and think? How did they raise their children? How did they interact with government? What did they value? What did they do for fun? This Daily Life encyclopedia explores the lives of average people through the examination of social, cultural, and material history. Supported by the most current research, the multivolume set examines social history topics—including family, political, religious, and economic life—as it illuminates elements of a society's emotional life, interactions, opinions, views, beliefs, intimate relationships, and connections between individuals and the greater world. It is broken up into topical sections, each dealing with a different aspect of cultural life. Each section opens with an introductory essay, followed by A–Z entries on various aspects of that topic.
Fair Ways
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Author : Robert J. Robertson
language : en
Publisher: Texas A&M University Press
Release Date : 2005-10-18
Fair Ways written by Robert J. Robertson and has been published by Texas A&M University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-10-18 with History categories.
In the summer of 1955, early in the modern civil rights era, six African American golfers in Beaumont, Texas, began attacking the Jim Crow caste system when they filed a federal lawsuit for the right to play the municipal golf course. The golfers and their African American lawyers went to federal court and asked a conservative white Republican judge to render a decision that would not only integrate the local golf course but also set precedent for desegregation of other public facilities, as well. In Fair Ways, Beaumont native Robert J. Robertson chronicles three parallel stories that converged in this important case. He tells the story of the plaintiffs—avid golfers who had learned the game while working as caddies and waiters—and their young lawyers, recent graduates from Howard University law school, and the Republican judge just appointed to the bench by President Eisenhower. Would the judge apply the new principles of Brown v. Board of Education to the questions before him? Would he use federal judicial power to override state laws and outlaw local customs? Fair Ways gives an uncommonly vivid picture of racial segregation and the forces that brought about its end. Using public case papers, public records, newspapers, and oral histories, Robertson has recreated the scene in Beaumont on the eve of desegregation, describing in detail the parallel white and black communities that characterized the Jim Crow caste system. Through this account, the forces at work in the South—education, military experience, rising expectations, the NAACP, and the rule of law—are personified dramatically by the golfers, the lawyers, and the judge.
Before Jackie Robinson
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Author : Gerald R. Gems
language : en
Publisher: U of Nebraska Press
Release Date : 2017-02-01
Before Jackie Robinson written by Gerald R. Gems and has been published by U of Nebraska Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02-01 with Sports & Recreation categories.
Vietnam and the Colonial Condition of French Literature explores an aspect of modern French literature that has been consistently overlooked in literary histories: the relationship between the colonies—their cultures, languages, and people—and formal shifts in French literary production. Starting from the premise that neither cultural identity nor cultural production can be pure or homogenous, Leslie Barnes initiates a new discourse on the French literary canon by examining the work of three iconic French writers with personal connections to Vietnam: André Malraux, Marguerite Duras, and Linda Lê. In a thorough investigation of the authors’ linguistic, metaphysical, and textual experiences of colonialism, Barnes articulates a new way of reading French literature: not as an inward-looking, homogenous, monolingual tradition, but rather as a tradition of intersecting and interdependent peoples, cultures, and experiences. One of the few books to focus on Vietnam’s position within francophone literary scholarship, Barnes challenges traditional concepts of French cultural identity and offers a new perspective on canonicity and the division between “French” and “francophone” literature.
Fair Ways
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Author : Robert J. Robertson
language : en
Publisher: Texas A&M University Press
Release Date : 2005
Fair Ways written by Robert J. Robertson and has been published by Texas A&M University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with History categories.
Annotation In the summer of 1955, six African American golfers in Beaumont, Texas, began attacking the Jim Crow caste system when they filed a federal lawsuit for the right to play the municipal golf course. The golfers and their African American lawyers went to federal court and asked a conservative white Republican judge to render a decision that would not only integrate the local golf course but also set precedent for desegregation of other public facilities. In Fair Ways, Robert J. Robertson chronicles three parallel stories that converged in this important case. He tells the story of the plaintiffs-avid golfers who had learned the game while working as caddies and waiters-of their young lawyers, recent graduates from Howard University law school, and of the Republican judge just appointed to the bench by President Eisenhower. Using public case papers, public records, newspapers, and oral histories, Robertson has recreated the scene in Beaumont on the eve of desegregation. Fair Ways gives a vivid picture of racial segregation and the forces that brought about its end.
Separate Games
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Author : David K. Wiggins
language : en
Publisher: University of Arkansas Press
Release Date : 2016-11-01
Separate Games written by David K. Wiggins and has been published by University of Arkansas Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-11-01 with History categories.
The hardening of racial lines during the first half of the twentieth century eliminated almost all African Americans from white organized sports, forcing black athletes to form their own teams, organizations, and events. This separate sporting culture, explored in the twelve essays included here, comprised much more than athletic competition; these "separate games" provided examples of black enterprise and black self-help and showed the importance of agency and the quest for racial uplift in a country fraught with racialist thinking and discrimination.
African Americans And Popular Culture
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Author : Todd Boyd
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Release Date : 2008-10-30
African Americans And Popular Culture written by Todd Boyd and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-10-30 with Social Science categories.
The African American influence on popular culture is among the most sweeping and lasting this country has seen. Despite a history of institutionalized racism, black artists, entertainers, and entrepreneurs have had enormous impact on American popular culture. Pioneers such as Oscar Michaeux, Paul Robeson, Satchel Paige, Josh Gibson, Langston Hughes, Bill Bojangles Robinson, and Bessie Smith paved the way for Jackie Robinson, Nina Simone, James Baldwin, Bill Russell, Muhammad Ali, Sidney Poitier, and Bill Cosby, who in turn opened the door for Spike Lee, Dave Chappelle, Dr. Dre, Jay-Z, Tiger Woods, and Michael Jordan. Today, hip hop is the most powerful element of youth culture; white teenagers outnumber blacks as purchasers of rap music; black-themed movies are regularly successful at the box office, and black writers have been anthologized and canonized right alongside white ones. Though there are still many more miles to travel and much to overcome, this three-volume set considers the multifaceted influence of African Americans on popular culture, and sheds new light on the ways in which African American culture has come to be a fundamental and lasting part of America itself. To articulate the momentous impact African American popular culture has had upon the fabric of American society, these three volumes provide analyses from academics and experts across the country. They provide the most reliable, accurate, up-to-date, and comprehensive treatment of key topics, works, and themes in African American popular culture for a new generation of readers. The scope of the project is vast, including: popular historical movements like the Harlem Renaissance; the legacy of African American comedy; African Americans and the Olympics; African Americans and rock 'n roll; more contemporary articulations such as hip hop culture and black urban cinema; and much more. One goal of the project is to recuperate histories that have been perhaps forgotten or obscured to mainstream audiences and to demonstrate how African Americans are not only integral to American culture, but how they have always been purveyors of popular culture.
A Companion To American Sport History
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Author : Steven A. Riess
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2014-03-26
A Companion To American Sport History written by Steven A. Riess and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-03-26 with History categories.
A Companion to American Sport History presents acollection of original essays that represent the firstcomprehensive analysis of scholarship relating to the growing fieldof American sport history. Presents the first complete analysis of the scholarshiprelating to the academic history of American sport Features contributions from many of the finest scholars workingin the field of American sport history Includes coverage of the chronology of sports from colonialtimes to the present day, including major sports such as baseball,football, basketball, boxing, golf, motor racing, tennis, and trackand field Addresses the relationship of sports to urbanization,technology, gender, race, social class, and genres such as sportsbiography Awarded 2015 Best Anthology from the North American Society for Sport History (NASSH)