Agriculture In Capitalist Europe 1945 1960
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Agriculture In Capitalist Europe 1945 1960
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Author : Carin Martiin
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-06-17
Agriculture In Capitalist Europe 1945 1960 written by Carin Martiin and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-17 with History categories.
In the years before the Second World War agriculture in most European states was carried out on peasant or small family farms using technologies that relied mainly on organic inputs and local knowledge and skills, supplying products into a market that was partly local or national, partly international. The war applied a profound shock to this system. In some countries farms became battlefields, causing the extensive destruction of buildings, crops and livestock. In others, farmers had to respond to calls from the state for increased production to cope with the effects of wartime disruption of international trade. By the end of the war food was rationed when it was obtainable at all. Only fifteen years later the erstwhile enemies were planning ways of bringing about a single agricultural market across much of continental western Europe, as farmers mechanised, motorized, shed labour, invested capital, and adopted new technologies to increase output. This volume brings together scholars working on this period of dramatic technical, commercial and political change in agriculture, from the end of the Second World War to the emergence of the Common Agricultural Policy in the early 1960s. Their work is structured around four themes: the changes in the international political order within which agriculture operated; the emergence of a range of different market regulation schemes that preceded the CAP; changes in technology and the extent to which they were promoted by state policy; and the impact of these political and technical changes on rural societies in western Europe.
Agriculture In Capitalist Europe 1945 1960
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Author : Carin Martiin
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016
Agriculture In Capitalist Europe 1945 1960 written by Carin Martiin and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Agriculture and state categories.
Notes on contributors -- Acknowledgements -- European agriculture 1945-1960 : an introduction / Paul Brassley, Carin Martiin and Juan Pan-Montojo -- International politics -- International institutions and European agriculture : from the IIA to the FAO / Juan Pan-Montojo -- Political stability, modernization and reforms during the first years of the Cold War / Emanuele Bernardi -- International agricultural markets after the war, 1945-1960 / Ángel Luis Gonzalez, Vicente Pinilla and Raúl Serrano -- Market regulation and the motives behind it -- The policy of self-sufficiency and its impact upon rural modernization in Greece, 1928-1960 / Socrates D. Petmezas -- British agriculture in transition : food shortages to food surpluses, 1947-1957 / John Martin -- From food surplus to even greater food surplus : agrarian politics and prices in Denmark, 1945-1962 / Thomas Christiansen -- Technical change -- Mechanisation and motorisation : natural resources, knowledge, politics and technology in 19/20th centuries agriculture / Juri Auderset and Peter Moser -- Technology policies in dictatorial contexts : Spain and Portugal / Daniel Lanero and Lourenzo Fernández-Prieto -- Tractorization : France 1946-1955 / Laurent Herment -- Rural society and structural policy -- Structural policy and the state : changing agricultural society in Belgium and the Netherlands, 1945-1960 / Erwin H. Karel and Yves Segers -- From food scarcity to overproduction : saving the German peasant during the miracle years / Gesine Gerhard -- Farm labour in the urban-industrial Swedish state / Carin Martiin -- Similar means to secure postwar food supplies across Western Europe : a conclusion / Juan Pan-Montojo, Carin Martiin and Paul Brassley
Agriculture In Capitalist Europe 1945 1960
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Author : Carin Martiin
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-06-17
Agriculture In Capitalist Europe 1945 1960 written by Carin Martiin and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-17 with History categories.
In the years before the Second World War agriculture in most European states was carried out on peasant or small family farms using technologies that relied mainly on organic inputs and local knowledge and skills, supplying products into a market that was partly local or national, partly international. The war applied a profound shock to this system. In some countries farms became battlefields, causing the extensive destruction of buildings, crops and livestock. In others, farmers had to respond to calls from the state for increased production to cope with the effects of wartime disruption of international trade. By the end of the war food was rationed when it was obtainable at all. Only fifteen years later the erstwhile enemies were planning ways of bringing about a single agricultural market across much of continental western Europe, as farmers mechanised, motorized, shed labour, invested capital, and adopted new technologies to increase output. This volume brings together scholars working on this period of dramatic technical, commercial and political change in agriculture, from the end of the Second World War to the emergence of the Common Agricultural Policy in the early 1960s. Their work is structured around four themes: the changes in the international political order within which agriculture operated; the emergence of a range of different market regulation schemes that preceded the CAP; changes in technology and the extent to which they were promoted by state policy; and the impact of these political and technical changes on rural societies in western Europe.
The Political Economy Of The Common Agricultural Policy
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Author : Fernando Collantes
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2020-03-19
The Political Economy Of The Common Agricultural Policy written by Fernando Collantes and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-19 with Business & Economics categories.
What is the balance of the European Union’s Common Agricultural Policy more than half a century after its birth? Does it illustrate the virtues of the European model of coordinated capitalism, as opposed to US-style liberal capitalism? Or is it an incoherent set of instruments that exert diverse negative impacts and, like Frankenstein’s monster, seems to have escaped the control of its designers? The Political Economy of the Common Agricultural Policy does not criticize the CAP from the liberal standpoint that views most public interventions in the economy as bad for efficiency and welfare. The CAP has been costly to Europeans, both as consumers and as taxpayers, and has also generated a number of negative impacts upon third countries, but these costs and impacts have been more moderate than is suggested. This book proposes that the issue with the CAP is not a generic problem of coordinating capitalism but, instead, a more specific problem of low-quality coordination. The text argues that profound reform of the European Union’s institutions and policies is required to counter the rapid rise of a more Eurosceptical state of mind but – in the case of agricultural policy – history casts serious doubts on the capacity of the European network of agriculture-related politicians to lead such a reform. This key work is essential reading for researchers, graduate students, and master’s level docents of the Common Agricultural Policy and – more broadly – European Union policy and reform.
Governing The Rural In Interwar Europe
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Author : Liesbeth van de Grift
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-10-06
Governing The Rural In Interwar Europe written by Liesbeth van de Grift and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-06 with History categories.
This book examines how rural Europe as a hybrid social and natural environment emerged as a key site of local, national and international governance in the interwar years. The post-war need to secure and intensify food production, to protect contested border areas, to improve rural infrastructure and the economic viability of rural regions and to politically integrate rural populations, gave rise to a variety of schemes aimed at modernizing agriculture and remaking rural society. The volume examines discourses, institutions and practices of rural governance from a transnational perspective, revealing striking commonalities across national and political boundaries. From the village town hall to the headquarters of international organizations, local authorities, government officials and politicians, scientific experts and farmers engaged in debates about the social, political and economic future of rural communities. They sought to respond to both real and imagined concerns over poverty and decline, backwardness and insufficient control, by conceptualizing planning and engineering models that would help foster an ideal rural community and develop an efficient agricultural sector. By examining some of these local, national and international schemes and policies, this volume highlights the hitherto under-researched interaction between policymakers, experts and rural inhabitants in the European countryside of the 1920s and '30s.
The Interwar World
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Author : Andrew Denning
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2023-08-29
The Interwar World written by Andrew Denning and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-08-29 with History categories.
The Interwar World collects an international group of over 50 contributors to discuss, analyze, and interpret this crucial period in twentieth-century history. A comprehensive understanding of the interwar era has been limited by Euro-American approaches and strict adherence to the temporal limits of the world wars. The volume’s contributors challenge the era’s accepted temporal and geographic framings by privileging global processes and interactions. Each contribution takes a global, thematic approach, integrating world regions into a shared narrative. Three central questions frame the chapters. First, when was the interwar? Viewed globally, the years 1918 and 1939 are arbitrary limits, and the volume explicitly engages with the artificiality of the temporal framework while closely examining the specific dynamics of the 1920s and 1930s. Second, where was the interwar? Contributors use global history methodologies and training in varied world regions to decenter Euro-American frameworks, engaging directly with the usefulness of the interwar as both an era and an analytical category. Third, how global was the interwar? Authors trace accelerating connections in areas such as public health and mass culture counterbalanced by processes of economic protectionism, exclusive nationalism, and limits to migration. By approaching the era thematically, the volume disaggregates and interrogates the meaning of the ‘global’ in this era. As a comprehensive guide, this volume offers overviews of key themes of the interwar period for undergraduates, while offering up-to-date historiographical insights for postgraduates and scholars interested in this pivotal period in global history.
Agricultural Development In The World Periphery
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Author : Vicente Pinilla
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-02-06
Agricultural Development In The World Periphery written by Vicente Pinilla and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-06 with Business & Economics categories.
This book brings together analysis on the conditions of agricultural sectors in countries and regions of the world’s peripheries, from a wide variety of international contributors. The contributors to this volume proffer an understanding of the processes of agricultural transformations and their interaction with the overall economies of Africa, Asia and Latin America. Looking at the nineteenth and twentieth centuries – the onset of modern economic growth – the book studies the relationship between agriculture and other economic sectors, exploring the use of resources (land, labour, capital) and the influence of institutional and technological factors in the long-run performance of agricultural activities. Pinilla and Willebald challenge the notion that agriculture played a negligible role in promoting economic development in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, when the impulse towards industrialization in the developing world was more impactful.
Agriculture And The Great Depression
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Author : Gérard Béaur
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2022-12-14
Agriculture And The Great Depression written by Gérard Béaur and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-12-14 with Business & Economics categories.
What role did the agricultural sector play in the economic crash of 1929? Taking evidence from country cases across Europe and the Americas, this edited volume explores short-, medium- and long- term perspectives on the primary sector. The monograph brings together the voices of an international panel of contributors who examine issues such as falling prices, industrial production, unemployment and the stagnation of aggregate demand. Together, they frame the interwar period as a pivotal turning point in the decline of subsistence agriculture and the growth of agricultural subsidies, which remain a key policy tool in many economies today. This illuminating book will be of interest to advanced students and researchers in economic history, agricultural history, globalization and economic development.
The European Rescue Of The Franco Regime 1950 1975
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Author : Fernando Guirao
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2021-01-21
The European Rescue Of The Franco Regime 1950 1975 written by Fernando Guirao and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-01-21 with History categories.
The European Rescue of the Franco Regime, 1950-1975 explores how the governments of the founding members of the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Economic Community, acting collectively via the European Communities, assisted in the consolidation of the Franco regime. It explains how the Six (the Nine after 1972) implemented a set of policy measures that facilitated the subsistence of the Franco regime, proving that trade with the Six improved Spain's overall economic performance, which in turn secured Franco's rule. The Six provided the Spanish economy with a stable supply of essential raw materials and capital goods and with outlet markets for the country's main export commodities. Through these mechanisms the European Communities assisted Spanish economic development and supported the stabilization of the non-democratic political regime ruling Spain. The Franco regime was never threatened by European integration and the Six/Nine managed to isolate meaningful Community negotiations with Spain from mounting political disturbance. The European Rescue of the Franco Regime, 1950-1975 shows that without unremitting material assistance from Western Europe, it would have been considerably more challenging for the Franco regime to attain the stability that enabled the dictator to maintain his rule until he died peacefully at 82 years old.
Oecd Agriculture And Food Policy Reviews Policies For The Future Of Farming And Food In The European Union
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2023-10-09
Oecd Agriculture And Food Policy Reviews Policies For The Future Of Farming And Food In The European Union written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-10-09 with categories.
Policies for the Future of Farming and Food in the European Union applies the OECD Productivity, Sustainability and Resilience (PSR) analytical framework along with the latest data from the OECD Agri-Environmental Indicators to benchmark the sustainable productivity performance of the EU’s agricultural sector and to identify the main challenges ahead.