Air Pollution And Its Impact On Atherosclerosis
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Air Pollution And Its Impact On Atherosclerosis
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Author : Anthony Castillo Biascan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Air Pollution And Its Impact On Atherosclerosis written by Anthony Castillo Biascan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Particulate matter (PM) is associated with pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD). PM exposure causes vascular and cardio-physiologic dysfunction via several mechanisms, including vessel obstruction subsequent to atherosclerosis and smooth muscle cell (SMC) hyperplasia causing vascular wall thickening and stiffening. Additional evidence is mounting to support dysfunction secondary to PM related infiltration of inflammatory cells, but the relative importance of these mechanisms has not been elucidated. The goal of this research was to investigate if PM exposure induces vascular obstruction by plaque and increased arterial wall cellularity from SMC hyperplasia and/or inflammatory cell infiltration. Male apoE-/- 6 week old mice were exposed either to filtered or concentrated air particles (CAPs) for 6 hours daily for 5 days per week. Arterial plaque wall thickening in the innominate, left common carotid and left subclavian arteries was measured using ImageJ and compared to previous ultrasonic microscopy measurements of arterial plaque wall thickening at two month intervals over a six month period. Smooth muscle hyperplasia was objectively measured by number of cell nuclei within the intimal layer of coronary vessels counted on tissue specimen cross sections taken from mice exposed to filtered air, CAPs, and denuded ambient air particles. Plaque wall thickening after six months of exposure was significantly higher in mice exposed to CAPs when compared to those exposed to filtered air. Smooth muscle hyperplasia showed no statistically significant difference from control groups.
Atherosclerosis And Air Pollution
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Author : Marcela Rivera
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Atherosclerosis And Air Pollution written by Marcela Rivera and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Environmental Cardiology
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Author : Aruni Bhatnagar
language : en
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
Release Date : 2010
Environmental Cardiology written by Aruni Bhatnagar and has been published by Royal Society of Chemistry this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Medical categories.
Annotation Although it is widely recognized that environmental factors such as smoking, diet, exercise, and socioeconomic status affect the risk of cardiovascular disease, recent work showing the effects of other environmental factors provides a more complete assessment of the situation. This view has emerged from three developments. Firstly, there has been a sudden explosion in the prevalence of diabetes and obesity which indicates a strong environmental component. Secondly, there is an accumulation of evidence suggesting that most cases of these diseases could be prevented by healthy lifestyle choices. Finally, studies have shown that exposure to environmental pollutants has a significant effect on heart disease risk. This book is the first to provide a comprehensive account of the effects of pollutants on heart disease and to integrate this area of research within the overall theme of environmental cardiology. The introductory chapter outlines the effects of different aspects of the environment on heart disease and provides a context for the discussion that follows. Subsequent chapters give an overview of the effects of particulate matter and discuss the epidemiological studies supporting the link. The book then goes on to cover the effects of pollution on different aspects of cardiovascular disease (hypertension, stroke, heart failure, ischemic heart disease and atherogenesis). Because of a close association between diabetes and heart disease, a discussion of the effects of particulate matter on diabetes is also included. Later chapters discuss the effects of individual pollutants such as vehicular emissions, metals and aldehydes. A review on manufactured nanoparticles is incorporated because these particles represent an important new threat to cardiovascular health. The understanding that emerges from this monograph suggests that we must be more alert to the effects of the environment and develop strategies that target, not only the diseased individual, but also the unhealthy, disease-causing environment. It is essential reading for cardiologists, epidemiologists, urban planners and pollution control specialists.
Atherosclerosis And Air Pollution Understanding Traffic Related Exposure And Its Effects
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Author : Marcela Rivera
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Atherosclerosis And Air Pollution Understanding Traffic Related Exposure And Its Effects written by Marcela Rivera and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Cardiovascular Effects Of Inhaled Ultrafine And Nano Sized Particles
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Author : Flemming R. Cassee
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2011-03-29
Cardiovascular Effects Of Inhaled Ultrafine And Nano Sized Particles written by Flemming R. Cassee and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-03-29 with Science categories.
This book assists scientists, toxicologists, clinicians, and public health regulators to understand the complex issues that determine the impact of air pollution on the cardiovascular system. It covers a range of relevant topics including particulate matter (PM) sources and characterization, methods of exposure, impact of PM on cells and systems, role of particles in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease, risk assessment, and potential environmental and therapeutic interventions.
Health Of People Health Of Planet And Our Responsibility
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Author : Wael Al-Delaimy
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-05-13
Health Of People Health Of Planet And Our Responsibility written by Wael Al-Delaimy and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-05-13 with Medical categories.
This open access book not only describes the challenges of climate disruption, but also presents solutions. The challenges described include air pollution, climate change, extreme weather, and related health impacts that range from heat stress, vector-borne diseases, food and water insecurity and chronic diseases to malnutrition and mental well-being. The influence of humans on climate change has been established through extensive published evidence and reports. However, the connections between climate change, the health of the planet and the impact on human health have not received the same level of attention. Therefore, the global focus on the public health impacts of climate change is a relatively recent area of interest. This focus is timely since scientists have concluded that changes in climate have led to new weather extremes such as floods, storms, heat waves, droughts and fires, in turn leading to more than 600,000 deaths and the displacement of nearly 4 billion people in the last 20 years. Previous work on the health impacts of climate change was limited mostly to epidemiologic approaches and outcomes and focused less on multidisciplinary, multi-faceted collaborations between physical scientists, public health researchers and policy makers. Further, there was little attention paid to faith-based and ethical approaches to the problem. The solutions and actions we explore in this book engage diverse sectors of civil society, faith leadership, and political leadership, all oriented by ethics, advocacy, and policy with a special focus on poor and vulnerable populations. The book highlights areas we think will resonate broadly with the public, faith leaders, researchers and students across disciplines including the humanities, and policy makers.
Clinical Handbook Of Air Pollution Related Diseases
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Author : Fabio Capello
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-02-21
Clinical Handbook Of Air Pollution Related Diseases written by Fabio Capello and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-21 with Medical categories.
This book examines in detail the clinical implications of those diseases that either are primarily triggered by air pollution or represent direct consequences of air pollutants. The aim is to provide medical practitioners with practical solutions to issues in diagnosis and treatment while simultaneously furnishing other interested parties with crucial information on the field. The book introduces the concept that air pollution-related diseases constitute a new class of pathologies. A wide range of conditions mainly attributable to air pollution are discussed, covering different body systems and pollution impacts in subsets of the population. In addition to presenting state of the art overviews of clinical aspects, the book carefully examines the implications of current knowledge for social and public health strategies aimed at disease prevention and prophylaxis. The Clinical Handbook of Air Pollution-Related Diseases will greatly assist doctors and healthcare workers when dealing with the consequences of air pollution in their everyday practice and will provide researchers, industry, and policymakers with valuable facts and insights.
Air Pollution And Health Effects
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Author : Srikanth S. Nadadur
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-05-06
Air Pollution And Health Effects written by Srikanth S. Nadadur and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-05-06 with Medical categories.
Exposure to ambient air pollutants, both indoors and outdoors has been associated with the exacerbation and also in the etiology of diverse human diseases. This book offers an overview of our current understanding of air pollution health risks and how this knowledge is being used in the regulatory, therapeutic intervention measures to protect the public health and reduce the disease burden caused by acute and long-term exposure to air pollutants. Air Pollution and Health Effects provides readers with a comprehensive understanding of air pollution health risks, morbidity and the global disease burden, whilst also delivering critical review on state of the art research so as to gain a fundamental understanding of the biological mechanisms involved in the etiology of air pollution-induced diseases. Chapters range from pregnancy outcomes and pre-term birth, carcinogens in the ambient aerosol and the health consequences of indoor biomass burning. Special emphasis is placed on regional and local air pollution and its impact on global health along with suitable preventive and interventional measures. With contributions from international experts in the field this volume is a valuable guide for researchers and clinicians in toxicology, medicine and public health as well as industry and government regulatory scientists involved in health protection.
The Impact Of Air Pollution On Health Economy Environment And Agricultural Sources
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Author : Mohamed Khallaf
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2011-09-26
The Impact Of Air Pollution On Health Economy Environment And Agricultural Sources written by Mohamed Khallaf and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-09-26 with Science categories.
This book aims to strengthen the knowledge base dealing with Air Pollution. The book consists of 21 chapters dealing with Air Pollution and its effects in the fields of Health, Environment, Economy and Agricultural Sources. It is divided into four sections. The first one deals with effect of air pollution on health and human body organs. The second section includes the Impact of air pollution on plants and agricultural sources and methods of resistance. The third section includes environmental changes, geographic and climatic conditions due to air pollution. The fourth section includes case studies concerning of the impact of air pollution in the economy and development goals, such as, indoor air pollution in México, indoor air pollution and millennium development goals in Bangladesh, epidemiologic and economic impact of natural gas on indoor air pollution in Colombia and economic growth and air pollution in Iran during development programs. In this book the authors explain the definition of air pollution, the most important pollutants and their different sources and effects on humans and various fields of life. The authors offer different solutions to the problems resulting from air pollution.
Air Pollution Exposure And Novel Biomarkers Of Inflammation And Cardiac Stress In The Multi Ethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis And Air Pollution Mesa Air
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Author : Marnie Hazlehurst
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Air Pollution Exposure And Novel Biomarkers Of Inflammation And Cardiac Stress In The Multi Ethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis And Air Pollution Mesa Air written by Marnie Hazlehurst and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Epidemiologic evidence indicates a causal association between long-term air pollution exposure and cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the mechanisms underlying this process are not fully understood. Inflammation in the lungs that spreads to the rest of the body may result in systemic oxidative stress and inflammation. Subsequently, this inflammatory state may lead to endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, increased coagulation, and activation of the renin-angiotensin system. Some studies have utilized measures of subclinical disease or biomarkers to support these potential mechanisms for the effect of air pollution on the development of CVD. This analysis investigated the effects of long-term exposure to air pollution, specifically four pollutants: fine particulate matter (PM2.5), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and black carbon (BC). This paper examined the association between long-term exposure and the following novel biomarkers of cardiac stress and inflammation: (1) N-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), (2) Pentraxin-3 (PTX3), and (3) Serum Amyloid P (SAP). As a secondary aim, this paper examined the association between short-term exposures to PM2.5 and each of the biomarkers of interest. Data from a prospective cohort study, the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution (MESA Air) in six US cities, were used for this analysis. Likelihood-based spatiotemporal models were used to calculate air pollution exposures at participant residences. NT-proBNP was measured at baseline (n=5,597) and again at a follow-up exam (n=4,694), which was on average three years after baseline. PTX3 and SAP were both measured at the baseline exam in a subset of participants (n=2,878) selected in equal proportions from each racial/ethnic group. NT-proBNP and PTX3 were log-transformed for analysis; SAP was modeled on the natural scale. No association was found between air pollution and NT-proBNP in a repeated measures analysis, but an association was observed between air pollution and elevated levels (≥125 pg/mL) of NT-proBNP at Exam 3 among those with a normal NT-proBNP level at baseline (i.e. reflecting incident cases of sub-clinical cardiac stress and/or sub-clinical heart failure). For a 15 ppb increase in NO2 exposure, the odds ratio was 1.88 (95% CI: 1.20, 2.95; p=0.006) and for a 0.7 10-5 m-1 increase in BC exposure the odds ratio was 1.72 (95% CI: 1.07, 2.76; p=0.026). Increased exposure to PM2.5 was associated with a 2.5 μg/mL increase in SAP (95% CI: 0.3, 4.8; p=0.025), though no associations were found with NOx, NO2, or BC. In cross-sectional analyses, no association was observed between air pollution and PTX3. No associations were found between short-term exposure to PM2.5 and NT-proBNP, PTX3, or SAP.