Akhenaten
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Akhenaten And The Origins Of Monotheism
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Author : James Karl Hoffmeier
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2015
Akhenaten And The Origins Of Monotheism written by James Karl Hoffmeier and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with History categories.
Pharaoh Akhenaten, who reigned for seventeen years in the fourteenth century B.C.E, is one of the most intriguing rulers of ancient Egypt. His odd appearance and his preoccupation with worshiping the sun disc Aten have stimulated academic discussion and controversy for more than a century. Despite the numerous books and articles about this enigmatic figure, many questions about Akhenaten and the Atenism religion remain unanswered. In Akhenaten and the Origins of Monotheism, James K. Hoffmeier argues that Akhenaten was not, as is often said, a radical advocating a new religion, but rather a primitivist: that is, one who reaches back to a golden age and emulates it. Akhenaten's inspiration was the Old Kingdom (2650-2400 B.C.E.), when the sun-god Re/Atum ruled as the unrivaled head of the Egyptian pantheon. Hoffmeier finds that Akhenaten was a genuine convert to the worship of Aten, the sole creator God, based on the Pharoah's own testimony of a theophany, a divine encounter that launched his monotheistic religious odyssey. The book also explores the Atenist religion's possible relationship to Israel's religion, offering a close comparison of the hymn to the Aten to Psalm 104, which has been identified by scholars as influenced by the Egyptian hymn. Through a careful reading of key texts, artworks, and archaeological studies, Hoffmeier provides compelling new insights into a religion that predated Moses and Hebrew monotheism, the impact of Atenism on Egyptian religion and politics, and the aftermath of Akhenaten's reign.
Akhenaten And The Religion Of Light
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Author : Erik Hornung
language : en
Publisher: Cornell University Press
Release Date : 2001
Akhenaten And The Religion Of Light written by Erik Hornung and has been published by Cornell University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with History categories.
Akhenaten, also known as Amenhotep IV, was king of Egypt during the Eighteenth Dynasty and reigned from 1375 to 1358 B.C. E. Called the "religious revolutionary," he is the earliest known creator of a new religion. The cult he founded broke with Egypt's traditional polytheism and focused its worship on a single deity, the sun god Aten. Erik Hornung, one of the world's preeminent Egyptologists, here offers a concise and accessible account of Akhenaten and his religion of light.Hornung begins with a discussion of the nineteenth-century scholars who laid the foundation for our knowledge of Akhenaten's period and extends to the most recent archaeological finds. He emphasizes that Akhenaten's monotheistic theology represented the first attempt in history to explain the entire natural and human world on the basis of a single principle. "Akhenaten made light the absolute reference point," Hornung writes, "and it is astonishing how clearly and consistently he pursued this concept." Hornung also addresses such topics as the origins of the new religion; pro-found changes in beliefs regarding the afterlife; and the new Egyptian capital at Akhetaten which was devoted to the service of Aten, his prophet Akhenaten, and the latter's family.
Akhenaten And Tutankhamun
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Author : David P. Silverman
language : en
Publisher: UPenn Museum of Archaeology
Release Date : 2006-11-07
Akhenaten And Tutankhamun written by David P. Silverman and has been published by UPenn Museum of Archaeology this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-11-07 with History categories.
The Amarna Period, named after the site of an innovative capital city that was the center of the new religion, included the reigns of heretic Pharaoh Akhenaten and his presumed son, the boy king Tutankhamun.
Akhenaten
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Author : Dominic Montserrat
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-05-01
Akhenaten written by Dominic Montserrat and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-01 with Social Science categories.
The pharaoh Akhenaten, who ruled Egypt in the mid-fourteenth century BCE, has been the subject of more speculation than any other character in Egyptian history. This provocative new biography examines both the real Akhenaten and the myths that have been created around him. It scrutinises the history of the pharaoh and his reign, which has been continually written in Eurocentric terms inapplicable to ancient Egypt, and the archaeology of Akhenaten's capital city, Amarna. It goes on to explore the pharaoh's extraordinary cultural afterlife, and the way he has been invoked to validate everything from psychoanalysis to racial equality to Fascism.
Akhenaten And Tutankhamen
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Author : Zoe Lowery
language : en
Publisher: The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc
Release Date : 2016-12-15
Akhenaten And Tutankhamen written by Zoe Lowery and has been published by The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-12-15 with Juvenile Nonfiction categories.
Once Akhenaton came to power in fourteenth-century Egypt, life changed dramatically. He completely reformed the country’s religion, and he replaced the traditional gods with a single god: Aton the sun god. His religious fervor went so far that he changed his own name to Akhenaton, meaning “beneficial to the Aton,” from Amenhotep IV. His people were dissatisfied, and soon after his death, and with the rule of Tutankhamen, the country returned to its traditional deities. Although Tutankhamen is famously known for his lavish tombs, his short rule is also marked by the restoration of art and any temples damaged during Akhenaton’s rule.
Moses And Akhenaten
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Author : Ahmed Osman
language : en
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
Release Date : 2002-10-01
Moses And Akhenaten written by Ahmed Osman and has been published by Simon and Schuster this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-10-01 with History categories.
A reinterpretation of biblical and Egyptian history that shows Moses and the Pharaoh Akhenaten to be one and the same. • Provides dramatic evidence from both archaeological and documentary sources. • A radical challenge to long-established beliefs on the origin of Semitic religion. During his reign, the Pharaoh Akhenaten was able to abolish the complex pantheon of the ancient Egyptian religion and replace it with a single god, the Aten, who had no image or form. Seizing on the striking similarities between the religious vision of this “heretic” pharaoh and the teachings of Moses, Sigmund Freud was the first to argue that Moses was in fact an Egyptian. Now Ahmed Osman, using recent archaeological discoveries and historical documents, contends that Akhenaten and Moses were one and the same man. In a stunning retelling of the Exodus story, Osman details the events of Moses/Akhenaten's life: how he was brought up by Israelite relatives, ruled Egypt for seventeen years, angered many of his subjects by replacing the traditional Egyptian pantheon with worship of the Aten, and was forced to abdicate the throne. Retreating to the Sinai with his Egyptian and Israelite supporters, he died out of the sight of his followers, presumably at the hands of Seti I, after an unsuccessful attempt to regain his throne. Osman reveals the Egyptian components in the monotheism preached by Moses as well as his use of Egyptian royal ritual and Egyptian religious expression. He shows that even the Ten Commandments betray the direct influence of Spell 125 in the Egyptian Book of the Dead. Moses and Akhenaten provides a radical challenge to long-standing beliefs concerning the origin of Semitic religion and the puzzle of Akhenaten's deviation from ancient Egyptian tradition. In fact, if Osman's contentions are correct, many major Old Testament figures would be of Egyptian origin.
Akhenaten Egypt S False Prophet
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Author : Nicholas Reeves
language : en
Publisher: Thames & Hudson
Release Date : 2019-08-20
Akhenaten Egypt S False Prophet written by Nicholas Reeves and has been published by Thames & Hudson this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-08-20 with History categories.
Nicholas Reeves’s radical interpretation of a revolutionary king—now available in paperback. One of the most compelling and controversial figures in ancient Egyptian history, Akhenaten has captured the imagination like no other Egyptian pharaoh. Much has been written about this strange, persecuted figure, whose depiction in effigies is totally at odds with the traditional depiction of the Egyptian ruler-hero. Akhenaten sought to impose upon Egypt and its people the worship of a single god—the sun god—and in so doing changed the country in every way. In Akhenaten, Nicholas Reeves presents an entirely new perspective on the turbulent events of Akhenaten’s seventeen-year reign. Reeves argues that, far from being the idealistic founder of a new faith, the Egyptian ruler cynically used religion for political gain in a calculated attempt to reassert the authority of the king and concentrate all power in his hands. Backed by abundant archaeological and documentary evidence, Reeves’s narrative also provides many new insights into questions that have baffled scholars for generations—the puzzle of the body in Tomb 55 in the Valley of the Kings; the fate of Nefertiti, Akhenaten’s beautiful wife; the identity of his mysterious successor, Smenkhkare; and the theory that Tutankhamun, Akhenaten’s son and heir to the throne, was murdered.
A Bibliography Of The Amarna Period
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Author : Geoffrey Thorndike Martin
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 1991
A Bibliography Of The Amarna Period written by Geoffrey Thorndike Martin and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Egypt categories.
First Published in 1990. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
From Akhenaten To Moses
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Author : Jan Assmann
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2014
From Akhenaten To Moses written by Jan Assmann and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with History categories.
The shift from polytheism to monotheism changed the world radically. Akhenaten and Moses-a figure of history and a figure of tradition-symbolize this shift in its incipient, revolutionary stages and represent two civilizations that were brought into the closest connection as early as the Book of Exodus, where Egypt stands for the old world to be rejected and abandoned in order to enter the new one. The seven chapters of this seminal study shed light on the great transformation from different angles. Between Egypt in the first chapter and monotheism in the last, five chapters deal in various ways with the transition from one to the other, analyzing the Exodus myth, understanding the shift in terms of evolution and revolution, confronting Akhenaten and Moses in a new way, discussing Karl Jaspers' theory of the Axial Age, and dealing with the eighteenth-century view of the Egyptian mysteries as a cultural model.
Akhenaten One Of The Many Books Of Hermes
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Author : Karin Hannah
language : en
Publisher: Xlibris Corporation
Release Date : 2012-09-29
Akhenaten One Of The Many Books Of Hermes written by Karin Hannah and has been published by Xlibris Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-09-29 with History categories.
The Pilgrimage The first section of the story of Akhenaten is told by Ambrose, the soul self of Akhenaten/Smenkhkare. He begins by speaking of the distant beginnings of Earths evolvement and that of all earlier species and the divine orchestration behind all of Earths evolvement and adorning. Thereafter he speaks of Amilius Hermes and the Great Division that was brought about the creative experimentation indulged in by a certain group of Divine Brethren (not of the angelic realm). From there he speaks of the pilgrimages that were required in divine reparation and healing, that which brought about the Hermetic vibration. He goes on to speak of the returning pilgrimages by the incarnate visitations of the extra-terrestrially evolved Hermetic vibration as well as those who eventually incarnated solely upon Earth. Soon he comes to speaking briefly of his overlapping dual incarnations as the ancient Egyptian pharaoh Akhenaten and his brother Prince Smenkhkare and their souls close connection with Amilius Hermes and the Hermetic vibration. And so he finishes by summing up his own soul selfs spiritual lineage and a brief address to the reader of his story. Meritaten It is Meritaten who tells the second section of the story and therein she gives her account of her father Akhenaten and his life. She tells us of her father and includes details of her own life and that of her beloved sisters and soon informs us that when she was born she already had two older sisters. She also speaks of her mother Nefertiti and even twice briefly mentions her beloved grandmother Tiy and grandfather Amenophis III. Of course she in due time speaks adoringly of the two loves of her life, her husband Prince Smenkhkare (and later the Pharaoh Smenkhkare) and her son Tutankhaten (Tutankhamun). Near the beginning of her story she informs us that she and her sisters were all taught not only to write detailed stories but also to perform them. Meritaten is a consummate story teller with a great sense of place and a sometimes poetic turn of phrase. Her account expresses the whole range of their human experience amid the fine detail of their physical surroundings. She ranges from poignant and touching, often amusing and right through to her own personal traumatic emotional pain and thereafter to the gradual tragedy all of their lives eventually became. (Keep in mind that Meritaten and Tutankhaten were the dual soul aspects of Ambroses twin self Ursu). Tutankhaten And now it is (Tutankhamun) who takes up the telling of the third and final part of the story of Akhenaten, speaking from the position he assumed when having incarnated as Akhenatens only son. He speaks openly about the fact that thereafter Akhenaten and Smenkhkares deaths he was soon forcibly renamed Tutankhamun when crowned. Even from the very beginning of his account he decidedly states that his true name was and is Tutankhaten. While sharing his memories of his father, he also tells very well the story of his own short lifetime and that of his adored mother Meritaten and Smenkhkare whom he fondly called his second-father. His amiable half-sisters he speaks of also, and later of his grandmother Nefertiti and her brother the universally despised Ay. The latter being his greatest oppressor. And last but certainly far from least, we are privy to a most fervently detailed account of the unenviable relationship between himself and his beloved half-sister and queen Ankhesenapaaten (who was also forcibly renamed Ankhesenamun). And that they had been compelled to marry under such duress he also refers to their life as captives of state, those living within a luxuriously appointed prison. Like his mother Meritaten he later recounts his experiences after passing over into Spirit, although his personal experiences were quite different from hers in that they contain strong elements of both the dark and the light. Even s