Akut And Rural Conflict In Medieval Japan
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Akut And Rural Conflict In Medieval Japan
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Author : Morten Oxenboell
language : en
Publisher: University of Hawaii Press
Release Date : 2018-05-31
Akut And Rural Conflict In Medieval Japan written by Morten Oxenboell and has been published by University of Hawaii Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-31 with History categories.
This volume offers the first in-depth analysis in English of an understudied phenomenon in medieval Japanese history: the so-called akutō (literally, “evil bands”). Employing chronicles, laws, and legal documents from the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, as well as recent Japanese scholarship, Morten Oxenboell examines the significance of akutō in legal proceedings to provide a nuanced understanding of how rural communities organized for and engaged in violent conflicts. He deconstructs the image of akutō as instigators of violence by underlining the significance of the term as a rhetorical device used by litigants to voice their grievances in Kamakura legal proceedings. The many instances in which akutō appear offer a clear example of the ways in which the new legal vocabulary concealed realities behind rhetorical flourishes and narratives of violence and predation. Violence was certainly a part of the negotiation for rights and privileges in the estate system, and Oxenboell demonstrates how conflicts developed and were untangled by local actors, who were rarely given a voice in sources from this period. By peeling away the rhetoric, he presents us a unique view of rural populations organizing their communities in the face of violence, whether as victims of outside aggression or as aggressors themselves against landlords or neighbors. The book therefore goes beyond the usual focus on elites in medieval Japanese history by concentrating on local mobilization schemes and strategies, which were often framed and defamed by central elites. Rural residents, who could not rely on the authorities for protection, handled their own security concerns via complex social mechanisms that tied together locals and absentee landlords in an uneasy relationship of mutual dependency. By examining the fissures in this relationship—in the form of akutō complaints—Oxenboell shows that violent activism was part of the daily management of estates and that such conflicts do not indicate an absence of order but rather a system of checks and balances that helped create a vibrant society.
War And State Building In Medieval Japan
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Author : John A. Ferejohn
language : en
Publisher: Stanford University Press
Release Date : 2010-04-20
War And State Building In Medieval Japan written by John A. Ferejohn and has been published by Stanford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-04-20 with History categories.
The nation state as we know it is a mere four or five hundred years old. Remarkably, a central government with vast territorial control emerged in Japan at around the same time as it did in Europe, through the process of mobilizing fiscal resources and manpower for bloody wars between the 16th and 17th centuries. This book, which brings Japan's case into conversation with the history of state building in Europe, points to similar factors that were present in both places: population growth eroded clientelistic relationships between farmers and estate holders, creating conditions for intense competition over territory; and in the ensuing instability and violence, farmers were driven to make Hobbesian bargains of taxes in exchange for physical security.
Samurai Warfare And The State In Early Medieval Japan
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Author : Karl F. Friday
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2004-08-02
Samurai Warfare And The State In Early Medieval Japan written by Karl F. Friday and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-08-02 with History categories.
Karl Friday, an internationally recognised authority on Japanese warriors, provides the first comprehensive study of the topic to be published in English. This work incorporates nearly twenty years of on-going research and draws on both new readings of primary sources and the most recent secondary scholarship. It overturns many of the stereotypes that have dominated views of the period. Friday analyzes Heian -, Kamakura- and Nambokucho-period warfare from five thematic angles. He examines the principles that justified armed conflict, the mechanisms used to raise and deploy armed forces, the weapons available to early medieval warriors, the means by which they obtained them, and the techniques and customs of battle. A thorough, accessible and informative review, this study highlights the complex casual relationships among the structures and sources of early medieval political power, technology, and the conduct of war.
Land Power And The Sacred
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Author : Janet R. Goodwin
language : en
Publisher: University of Hawaii Press
Release Date : 2018-07-31
Land Power And The Sacred written by Janet R. Goodwin and has been published by University of Hawaii Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-31 with History categories.
Landed estates (shōen) produced much of the material wealth supporting all levels of late classical and medieval Japanese society. During the tenth through sixteenth centuries, estates served as sites of de facto government, trade network nodes, developing agricultural technology, and centers of religious practice and ritual. Although mostly farmland, many yielded nonagricultural products, including lumber, salt, fish, and silk, and provided livelihoods for craftsmen, seafarers, peddlers, and performers, as well as for cultivators. By the twelfth century, an estate “system” permeated much of the Japanese archipelago. This volume examines the system from three perspectives: the land itself; the power derived from and exerted over the land; and the religion institutions and individuals that were involved in landholding practices. Chapters by Japanese and Western scholars explore how the estate system arose, developed, and eventually collapsed. Several investigate a single estate or focus on agricultural techniques, while others survey estates in broad contexts such as economic change and maritime trade. Other chapters look at how we learn about estates by inspecting documents, landscape features, archaeological remains, and extant buildings and images; how representatives of every social stratum worked together to make the land productive and, conversely, how cooperative arrangements failed and rivals battled one another, making conflict as well as collaboration a hallmark of the system. On a more personal level, we follow the monk Chōgen’s restoration of Ōbe Estate and his installation of a famous Amida triad in a temple he built on the premises; the strategies of royal ladies Jōsaimon’in, Hachijōin, and Kōkamon’in as they strove to keep their landholdings viable; and the murder of estate official Gorōzaemon, whose own neighbors killed him as a result of a much larger dispute between two powerful warrior families. Land, Power, and the Sacred represents a significant expansion and revision of our knowledge of medieval Japanese estates. A range of readers will welcome the primary source research and comparative perspectives it offers; those who do not specialize in Japanese medieval history but recognize the value of teaching the history of estates will find a chapter devoted to the topic invaluable. Contributors and translators: Kristina Buhrma Michelle Damian David Eason Sakurai Eiji (translated by Ethan Segal) Philip Garrett Janet R. Goodwin Yoshiko Kainuma Rieko Kamei-Dyche Sachiko Kawai Hirota Kōji (translated by Janet R. Goodwin) Ōyama Kyōhei (translated by Janet R. Goodwin) Nagamura Makoto (translated by Janet R. Goodwin) Endō Motoo (translated by Janet R. Goodwin) Joan R. Piggott Ethan Segal Dan Sherer Kimura Shigemitsu (translated by Kristina Buhrman) Noda Taizō (translated by David Eason) Nishida Takeshi (translated by Michelle Damian)
Samurai Warfare And The State In Early Medieval Japan
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Author : Karl F. Friday
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004-01
Samurai Warfare And The State In Early Medieval Japan written by Karl F. Friday and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-01 with Japan categories.
A study of the institution of war in Japan over seven centuries.
Peace And Conflicts In Late Medieval Japan And Europe
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Author : Hitomi Sato
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Peace And Conflicts In Late Medieval Japan And Europe written by Hitomi Sato and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Feudalism In Japan
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Author : Peter Duus
language : en
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Humanities, Social Sciences & World Languages
Release Date : 1993
Feudalism In Japan written by Peter Duus and has been published by McGraw-Hill Humanities, Social Sciences & World Languages this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with History categories.
Offers a comparison between Japanese and Western political institutions in the premodern period. This title contains a brief discussion of the meaning and significance of the term Feudalism, and it suggests ways in which the term might be used for explorations in comparative history. It can serve as a reading for courses on Japanese history.
Community And Commerce In Late Medieval Japan
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Author : Hitomi Tonomura
language : en
Publisher: Stanford University Press
Release Date : 1992-01-01
Community And Commerce In Late Medieval Japan written by Hitomi Tonomura and has been published by Stanford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-01-01 with Social Science categories.
Late medieval Japan witnessed a growth in the power of the commoner, as seen in the spread of corporate villages (so) marked by collective ownership and administration and other self-governing features. This study of a community of so villages in central Japan from the fourteenth through the seventeenth centuries reconstructs the life of these villages by analyzing the rich and abundant communal records largely written by the villagers themselves and carefully preserved in the local shrine. The author show how these villagers founded and operated a shrine-centered organization that brought coherence, order, and prestige to the community at the same time it formalized the differences among the residents along gender and class lines. The Tokuchin-ho so was a governmental, social, and religious institution that facilitated the movement toward localism, but, the author argues, its growing collective power and organization also benefited its local proprietor, the great monastic complex of Enryakuji. Political and economic resources flowed vertically between the client-village and the patron-proprietor as they collaborated to secure internal peace and wide-reaching commercial interests. The book traces the transformation of the so as late medieval decentralization gave way to politically unified early modern society, with its enforced transfer of merchants from villages to towns, confiscation of shrine land, and the relinquishment of the so's political authority. Despite these efforts, as a powerful organization experienced in promoting communal order, the so was able to maintain its medieval legacy of self-determination, substantially preempting bureaucratic intervention in local governance. The local records allow the author to study the so from the villagers' perspective, and she presents new information on the position of women in rural communities, the local mode of economic surplus accumulation, the detailed social and economic functions of a shrine, and the reaction to nationwide cadastral surveys. The book is illustrated with 21 halftones.
Rulers Peasants And The Use Of The Written Word In Medieval Japan
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Author : Judith Fröhlich
language : en
Publisher: Welten Ostasiens / Worlds of East Asia / Mondes de l'Extrême-Orient
Release Date : 2007
Rulers Peasants And The Use Of The Written Word In Medieval Japan written by Judith Fröhlich and has been published by Welten Ostasiens / Worlds of East Asia / Mondes de l'Extrême-Orient this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Foreign Language Study categories.
This book provides new insights into the creation and use of written texts in medieval Japan. Drawing upon lawsuits from Ategawa no shō in central Japan between the early eleventh and early fourteenth centuries, the author analyses the use of writing by various social groups - temple priests, warriors and peasants. Though these social groups had different levels of literacy and accordingly followed different communicative traditions, their use of writing had common features. In the semi-literate society of medieval Japan the dissemination and reception of written texts took place primarily through speaking and hearing. Documents of the medieval period therefore had a distinctly oral characteristic. Priests, warriors and peasants all alluded to motifs in their legal pleas that were in essence given by the oral world of tales, legends and gossip. By showing that literacy was not in conflict but interacted with orality, the author uncovers an important aspect of the use of the written word in medieval Japan.
Disaster Management And Civil Society
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Author : Alpaslan Özerdem
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Disaster Management And Civil Society written by Alpaslan Özerdem and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Earthquake relief categories.
"Natural disasters have a profound impact upon the societies they affect but one important aspect that has yet to receive attention is how the relationship between state and society is affected in the aftermath of such events. How the state responds to such events can generate powerful forces within society for political, economic and social change."--Bloomsbury publishing.