Alien Policy In Belgium 1840 1940
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Alien Policy In Belgium 1840 1940
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Author : Frank Caestecker
language : en
Publisher: Berghahn Books
Release Date : 2000
Alien Policy In Belgium 1840 1940 written by Frank Caestecker and has been published by Berghahn Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Business & Economics categories.
Belgium has a unique place in the history of migration in that it was the first among industrialized nations in Continental Europe to develop into an immigrant society. In the nineteenth century Italians, Jews, Poles, Czechs, and North Africans settled in Belgium to work in industry and commerce. They were followed by Russians in the 1920s and Germans in the 1930s who were seeking a safe haven from persecution by totalitarian regimes. In the nineteenth century immigrants were to a larger extent integrated into Belgian society: they were denied political rights but participated on equal terms with Belgians in social life. This changed radically in the twentieth century; by 1940 the rights of aliens were severely curtailed, while those of Belgian citizens, in particular in the social domain, were extended. While the state evolved into a "welfare state" for its citizens it became more of a police state for immigrants. The state only tolerated immigrants who were prepared to carry out those jobs that were shunned by the Belgians. Under the pressure of public opinion, an exception was made in the cases of thousands of Jewish refugees that had fled from Nazi Germany. However, other immigrants were subjected to harsh regulations and in fact became the outcasts of twentieth-century Belgian liberal society. This remarkable study examines in depth and over a long time span how (anti-) alien policies were transformed, resulting in an illiberal exclusion of foreigners at the same time as democratization and the welfare state expanded. In this respect Belgium is certainly not unique but offers an interesting case study of developments that are characteristic for Europe as a whole.
The Fragility Of Law
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Author : David Fraser
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2009-06-16
The Fragility Of Law written by David Fraser and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-06-16 with History categories.
The Fragility of Law examines the ways in which, during the Second World War, the Belgian government and judicial structure became implicated in the identification, exclusion and killing of its Jewish residents, and in the theft - through Aryanization - of Jewish property. David Fraser demonstrates how a series of political and legal compromises meant that the infrastructure for antisemitic persecutions and ultimately the deaths of thousands of Belgian Jews was Belgian. Based on extensive archival research in Belgium, France, the United States and Israel, The Fragility of Law offers the first detailed exploration in English of this intriguing and virtually unexplored episode of Holocaust history. Belgian legal officials did not hesitate to invoke the provisions of international law found in the Hague Convention and those guarantees of individual freedom found in the national Constitution to oppose the demands of the German Occupying Authority. However, they remained largely silent when anti-Jewish persecution was at stake. Indeed, despite the 2007 official report of expert historians on Belgian state collaboration in the persecution of the country’s Jewish population, the mythology of "passive collaboration" which has dominated Belgian historiography and accounts of the Holocaust in that country, must be radically rethought.
Migration Control In The North Atlantic World
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Author : Andreas Fahrmeir
language : en
Publisher: Berghahn Books
Release Date : 2005
Migration Control In The North Atlantic World written by Andreas Fahrmeir and has been published by Berghahn Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Law categories.
The migration movements of the 20th century have led to an increased interest in similarly dramatic population changes in the preceding century. The contributors to this volume - legal scholars, sociologists, political scientist and historians - focus on migration control in the 19th century, concentrating on three areas in particular: the impact of the French Revolution on the development of modern citizenship laws and on the development of new forms of migration control in France and elsewhere; the theory and practice of migration control in various European states is examined, focusing on the control of paupers, emigrants and "ordinary" travelers as well as on the interrelationship between the different administrative levels - local, regional and national - at which migration control was exercised. Finally, on the development of migration control in two countries of immigration: the United States and France. Taken altogether, these essays demonstrate conclusively that the image of the 19th century as a liberal era during which migration was unaffected by state intervention is untenable and in serious need of revision.
The League Of Nations And The Refugees From Nazi Germany
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Author : Greg Burgess
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2016-10-20
The League Of Nations And The Refugees From Nazi Germany written by Greg Burgess and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-20 with History categories.
This book is open access and available on www.bloomsburycollections.com. It is funded by Knowledge Unlatched. Greg Burgess's important new study explores the short life of the High Commission for Refugees (Jewish and Other) Coming from Germany, from its creation by the League of Nations in October 1933 to the resignation of High Commissioner, James G. McDonald, in December 1935. The book relates the history of the first stage of refugees from Germany through the prism of McDonald and the High Commission. It analyses the factors that shaped the Commission's formation, the undertakings the Commission embarked upon and its eventual failure owing to external complications. The League of Nations and the Refugees from Nazi Germany argues that, in spite of the Commission's failure, the refugees from Nazi Germany and the High Commission's work mark a turn in conceptions of international humanitarian responsibilities when a state defies standards of proper behaviour towards its citizens. From this point on, it was no longer considered sufficient or acceptable for states to respect the sovereign rights of another if the rights of citizens were being violated. Greg Burgess discusses this idea, amongst others, in detail as part of what is a crucial volume for all scholars and students of Nazi Germany, the Holocaust and modern Jewish history.
Western Europe 2003
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Author : Europa Publications
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2002-11-30
Western Europe 2003 written by Europa Publications and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-11-30 with Business & Economics categories.
This edition brings together analyses, statistics and directory data on the countries and territories of Western Europe.
Refugees From Nazi Germany And The Liberal European States
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Author : Frank Caestecker
language : en
Publisher: Berghahn Books
Release Date : 2010-01-01
Refugees From Nazi Germany And The Liberal European States written by Frank Caestecker and has been published by Berghahn Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-01-01 with History categories.
The exodus of refugees from Nazi Germany in the 1930s has received far more attention from historians, social scientists, and demographers than many other migrations and persecutions in Europe. However, as a result of the overwhelming attention that has been given to the Holocaust within the historiography of Europe and the Second World War, the issues surrounding the flight of people from Nazi Germany prior to 1939 have been seen as Vorgeschichte (pre-history), implicating the Western European democracies and the United States as bystanders only in the impending tragedy. Based on a comparative analysis of national case studies, this volume deals with the challenges that the pre-1939 movement of refugees from Germany and Austria posed to the immigration controls in the countries of interwar Europe. Although Europe takes center-stage, this volume also looks beyond, to the Middle East, Asia and America. This global perspective outlines the constraints under which European policy makers (and the refugees) had to make decisions. By also considering the social implications of policies that became increasingly protectionist and nationalistic, and bringing into focus the similarities and differences between European liberal states in admitting the refugees, it offers an important contribution to the wider field of research on political and administrative practices.
Implementing Citizenship Nationality And Integration Policies
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Author : Sredanovic, Djordje
language : en
Publisher: Policy Press
Release Date : 2022-01-31
Implementing Citizenship Nationality And Integration Policies written by Sredanovic, Djordje and has been published by Policy Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-01-31 with Social Science categories.
In this incisive analysis, Sredanovic compares and contrasts the experiences of citizenship and integration policies in the UK and Belgium. In-depth interviews with officials illuminate both the everyday application of approaches to citizenship and integration, and their evolution in recent years. By examining the levels of discretion that exist within the two countries’ systems, this book explores the variations within the implementation processes. The first comparative work of its kind, this book goes beyond the analysis of legislation to explore how citizenship and integration policies are applied on the frontline.
The Jews Are Coming Back
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Author : David Bankier
language : en
Publisher: Berghahn Books
Release Date : 2005
The Jews Are Coming Back written by David Bankier and has been published by Berghahn Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with History categories.
In 14 papers delivered at or sent to a May 2001 conference in Jerusalem, historians specializing in Jews in various European countries examine the views about the return or prospective return of the Jews to their countries of origin after World War II. Among the countries are France, the Netherlands, Italy, Poland, and Hungary. Places and names are
How Can One Not Be Interested In Belgian History
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Author : Benno Barnard
language : en
Publisher: Academia Press
Release Date : 2005
How Can One Not Be Interested In Belgian History written by Benno Barnard and has been published by Academia Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Belgium categories.
As Belgian history addresses questions of identity and security, of a sense of cohesion and common purpose or the lack thereof, this volume tells you why Belgium does matter.
Milk Sauce And Paprika
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Author : Vera Hajto
language : en
Publisher: Leuven University Press
Release Date : 2016
Milk Sauce And Paprika written by Vera Hajto and has been published by Leuven University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with History categories.
The compelling story of Hungarian children living with Belgian families during the interwar period Children who migrated without their families were noteworthy participants of interwar European migration history. Milk Sauce and Paprika tells the story of Hungarian children who were sent to Belgium in the framework of a humanitarian project between 1923 and 1927. Based on a wide variety of sources such as official documents, contemporary newspapers, photographs, family correspondences, biographies and interviews, this book examines the history of the Belgian-Hungarian child relief project and describes its social and cultural impacts on the families involved in both countries. This compelling story of one of the first mass European child migration movements offers new insights in the dynamics of national and religious communities. Furthermore, it sheds light on intimate family life and contemporary habits and values regarding parenting and co-parenting in the interwar period. Cutting across national and cultural borders, this monograph connects individual and collective memory with the experiences of childhood and migration.