Allergic Diseases Of Infancy Childhood And Adolescence
DOWNLOAD
READ ONLINE
Download Allergic Diseases Of Infancy Childhood And Adolescence PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Allergic Diseases Of Infancy Childhood And Adolescence book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page
Allergic Diseases Of Infancy Childhood And Adolescence
DOWNLOAD
READ ONLINE
Author : Charles Warren Bierman
language : en
Publisher: W.B. Saunders Company
Release Date : 1980
Allergic Diseases Of Infancy Childhood And Adolescence written by Charles Warren Bierman and has been published by W.B. Saunders Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with Allergy categories.
Atopic Dermatitis In Childhood And Adolescence
DOWNLOAD
READ ONLINE
Author : Thomas Werfel
language : en
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
Release Date : 2011
Atopic Dermatitis In Childhood And Adolescence written by Thomas Werfel and has been published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Medical categories.
Covering epidemiology, pathophysiology, genetics, management and treatment Atopic dermatitis is amongst the most common disorders of the skin in young people around the world. This timely book presents the newest insights and novel concepts in relation to all aspects of this skin disorder. Classification, clinical features and differential diagnosis are reviewed in the first chapter, while risk factors, susceptibility and an epidemiological overview are outlined in the next chapter, followed by a detailed discussion of the immunology of the skin and the pathophysiology of dermatitis. Further chapters present exciting new data delineating clinical aspects of current genetic findings and insights into concepts of neuroimmunology, as well as the very crucial and severe clinical aspect of itching. New data on the topic of inhalant allergy, specific immunologic treatments and the latest on food allergy are also included. A valuable reference for anyone interested in atopic dermatitis, this book is particularly useful for pediatricians and clinical practitioners seeing children and adolescents with atopic dermatitis on a daily basis.
Essential Pediatric Allergy Asthma And Immunology
DOWNLOAD
READ ONLINE
Author : Raoul L. Wolf
language : en
Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional
Release Date : 2004
Essential Pediatric Allergy Asthma And Immunology written by Raoul L. Wolf and has been published by McGraw Hill Professional this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Allergy categories.
A practical and concise guide to the assessment of allergic disorders, congenital immunodeficiency, and asthma in the child and adolescent. Focuses on the approach to diagnosis and treatment of childhood asthma, which is an increasing problem in general pediatrics. Featuring tables, bulleted lists, and a drug formulary, this book provides a quick but substantial reference to practitioners and residents.
Severe Asthma In Children And Adolescents
DOWNLOAD
READ ONLINE
Author : Erick Forno
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2019-11-13
Severe Asthma In Children And Adolescents written by Erick Forno and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-13 with Medical categories.
This book provides readers with a comprehensive review of severe asthma in children and adolescents, covering epidemiology, genetics, risk factors, co-morbidities, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment. Written by leaders in the field, chapter discussions draw on the mechanisms driving the disease, genetics, multidisciplinary approaches, immunomodulators, and other important aspects in the management of the disease. Severe Asthma in Children and Adolescents: Mechanisms and Management is designed to be a practical guide, opening with an introduction on the epidemiology of severe childhood asthma, as well as a discussion of special considerations of the disease unique to the preschool-aged patient. The distinctions between the diagnosis and management of asthma in young children of various ages, and specific approaches for the adolescent with severe asthma, including the transition into adult care are then addressed. Finally, the book closes with a discussion on the current state and future avenues for severe asthma research. Severe Asthma in Children and Adolescents is an indispensable reference for the healthcare professional, for basic and translational researchers, as well as for students, residents and fellows.
Allergic Diseases In Children
DOWNLOAD
READ ONLINE
Author : Hugo Van Bever
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2009
Allergic Diseases In Children written by Hugo Van Bever and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Health & Fitness categories.
The purpose of this book is to share information and knowledge on allergic disorders in children with everybody, especially parents. Allergies in children are a common and growing problem. From the author''s experience, many parents lack correct information on allergy. This has led to wrong approaches in dealing with the problem, with some parents experimenting with all kinds of non-scientifically proven testing and treatments. Sometimes these treatments can be harmful for the child. The book comprises twelve chapters, each covering a specific aspect of allergy in children. The first part covers general issues, such as underlying mechanisms, allergens, and epidemiology of allergic diseases. In the second part, specific allergic diseases are covered. The book ends with considerations on diagnosis and treatment, and offers suggestions for future research on allergy in children. This book will provide useful information to the public, especially parents of allergic children. Based on current scientific information, the book should help allergic children to obtain optimal diagnosis and treatment of their allergic diseases.
Immune Maturation And Modulation In Childhood Allergies
DOWNLOAD
READ ONLINE
Author : Johanna Huoman
language : en
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
Release Date : 2020-10-15
Immune Maturation And Modulation In Childhood Allergies written by Johanna Huoman and has been published by Linköping University Electronic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-15 with Electronic books categories.
The prevalence of allergic diseases has in the past century increased among children in affluent societies. Underlying causes are incompletely disentangled, but decreased diversity in environmental and microbial exposures could drive allergy development. Allergic individuals possess imbalanced immune responses, skewed in favour of Th2 cells along with lesser Th1 and Treg responses. As allergy development early in life increases the risk of developing further allergic manifestations later, early prevention is key. Thus, interventions in pregnancy, early life and childhood may modulate immunity towards tolerance, although underpinnings of immune maturation and modulation in allergy prevention throughout childhood are not entirely understood. In this thesis, these questions are addressed in children with a high propensity of developing allergic disease or who already have manifested allergies. Chemokines are crucial for immune cell recruitment to the allergic reaction site, and associate with allergy development in childhood. In Paper I, circulating levels of the allergy-related chemokines CCL17, CCL18, CCL22, CXCL10 and CXCL11 were studied in the natural course of allergic disease. Elevated levels of the Th2/Treg-regulated chemokine CCL18 in infancy and childhood associated with development of asthma and/or sensitisation. Moreover, this finding conferred higher odds of developing asthma and sensitisation from early school age until adolescence. Additionally, increased levels of the Th1-associated chemokines CXCL10 after birth, and decreased levels of CXCL11 at birth, preceded asthma development later in life. Hence, Paper I showed that circulating chemokine levels in different ways precede allergy development. Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, comprise a link between the genetic setup and environmental exposures, and regulate processes such as Th cell differentiation. Perinatal treatment with Lactobacillus reuteri and ?-3 fatty acids prevent development of some IgE-mediated manifestations. However, the drivers of the immunostimulating and pro-resolving effects of these treatments are sparsely examined. In Papers II and III, epigenome-wide DNA methylation patterns in CD4+ cells upon pre-and postnatal L. reuteri supplementation alone or in combination with ?-3 fatty acids were studied. In Paper II, the greatest epigenome wide differential methylation was evident at birth, mainly directed towards hypomethylation, indicating transcriptional availability of affected genes. Network analyses revealed several immune related pathways, and a relationship of differentially methylated genes to allergy development. Thus, prenatal L. reuteri treatment seemingly poises Th cells towards immune activation at birth, possibly influencing immune maturation as well as allergy development in the child. In Paper III, epigenome-wide DNA methylation patterns were surveyed at birth. In this on-going trial, mothers are treated during the latter half of pregnancy with a combination of L. reuteri and ?-3 fatty acids. Four different treatment groups were studied, and the largest differential methylation was seen in the double active treatment group. In contrast to Paper II, most CpGs and genes were hypermethylated, indicating repressed gene transcription. In line with Paper II, network analyses showed that T cell and immune mediated pathways were affected by treatment, and synergistic effects of the double treatment were indicated. Taken together, prenatal treatment with L. reuteri and/or ?-3 fatty acids altered the epigenome to different extents at birth, mainly towards hypermethylation, and often affected immune related pathways. Immunomodulatory effects of sublingual immunotherapy in children and adolescents are scarcely investigated. In Paper IV, circulating and salivary immune mediators were investigated in timothy grass-pollen allergic children treated with sublingual immunotherapy. Actively treated children had elevated levels of timothy grass pollen-specific IgA antibodies in saliva, along with increased circulating levels of the Th1-associated chemokines CXCL10 and CXCL11, both after treatment ending and two years later. Taken together, sublingual immunotherapy modulates local and peripheral immune responses in children with timothy grass pollen-induced allergy, by augmenting Th1-responses, lessening Th2-responses and inducing immunomodulatory responses, suggesting induction of tolerance, also partly in the long-term. Altogether, the studies in this thesis have shown altered immune regulation in children developing allergies. Moreover, immunomodulatory effects of prenatal treatment with probiotics and ?-3 fatty acids, and sublingual immunotherapy in children with grass pollen-induced allergic disease, were revealed. DNA methylation patterns and immunologic mediators in blood and saliva could potentially serve as appropriate biomarkers for allergic disease. Long term health benefits can be reached by intervening early in life, and further knowledge about the mechanisms behind this could promote the prevention of allergic diseases and hence improve the quality of life for children and adolescents. Förekomsten av allergiska sjukdomar, som böjveckseksem, hösnuva och astma, har under det senaste århundradet ökat markant bland barn i industrialiserade samhällen. De bakomliggande orsakerna är inte helt klarlagda, men samhälleliga förändringar har minskat vår mångfaldiga exponering för bakterier, virus och parasiter. Detta skulle kunna ligga till grund för immunförsvarets felaktiga reaktion mot egentligen ofarliga ämnen som ses vid allergier. Hos allergiska individer är immunförsvaret obalanserat, med en relativ övervikt av det så kallade Thjälpar- 2 (Th2)-svaret gentemot Th1- och det regulatoriska T-cells (Treg)-svaret. Allergiska sjukdomar utvecklas ofta tidigt i livet, vilket ökar risken för att utveckla vidare allergier senare i livet. Därför är det viktigt att motverka den allergiska marschens framfart tidigt genom förebyggande behandlingar. Ett tillvägagångsätt är att påbörja behandling under graviditeten och tidiga barndomen hos barn med hög risk för att bli allergiska, då grunden för immunsystemet läggs redan under fosterlivet. För redan utvecklade allergier är det tänkbart att omforma dessa immunsvar med immunterapi, som kan minska symptom av befintliga allergier samtidigt som det är möjligt att motverka utvecklingen av senare allergier. Det är dock inte helt klarlagt hur immunutmognaden under barndomen är reglerad, eller hur dessa typer av behandlingar skulle kunna påverka allergiutveckling under den perioden. I denna avhandling undersöks immunutmognad vid allergiutveckling hos barn, och möjliga immunmodulerande förebyggande behandlingar hos barn med genetisk benägenhet att bli allergiska eller som redan utvecklat allergisk sjukdom. För att celler ska rekryteras till platsen för en allergisk reaktion krävs bland annat s.k. kemokiner. I det första arbetet undersöktes dessa lockelseämnen, då våra tidigare studier visat att nivåerna av vissa kemokiner vid födseln förutspår utvecklingen av allergi hos barn. De allergirelaterade kemokinerna CCL17, CCL18, CCL22, CXCL10 och CXCL11 analyserades i blodprover vid födseln, 1 och 8 års ålder hos barn från en populationsbaserad observationsstudie. Förhöjda nivåer av CCL18, ett kemokin under reglering av både Th2- och Treg-svar, uppmättes vid 1 och/eller 8 års ålder hos barn som hade astma (särskilt svår astma) och/eller var sensibiliserade. De ökade nivåerna associerade också till högre odds för utveckling av astma från tidig skolålder upp till övre tonåren, med liknande resultat för sensibilisering. Även ökade nivåer av de Th1-associerade kemokinerna CXCL10 efter födseln och minskade nivåer av CXCL11 vid födseln föregick utvecklingen av astma senare i livet. Det första arbetet visade alltså på att cirkulerande kemokiner på olika vis föregår utvecklingen av allergier hos barn och ungdomar. Som länk mellan arv och miljö står s.k. epigenetiska modifieringar, vilka reglerar genaktiviteten utan att förändra den genetiska koden i arvsmassan. Till dessa modifieringar räknas DNAmetylering, en process som bl.a. styr utmognad av de allergirelaterade T-hjälparcellerna. Vi har i tidigare separata studier med den probiotiska stammen Lactobacillus reuteri och omega-3- behandling visat förebyggande av vissa IgE-medierade allergier. Vad som föranleder de immunstimulerande och immunmodulerande effekterna av behandlingarna är dock otillräckligt undersökt. I det andra och tredje arbetet undersöktes hur L. reuteri separat eller i kombination med omega-3-fettsyror påverkar DNA-metyleringsmönster i CD4+ Th-celler hos barn som behandlats före och efter födseln. I det andra arbetet undersöktes DNA-metyleringsmönster både lokalt och i hela genomet vid födseln, ett och två års ålder. Behandling med L. reuteri förändrade DNA-metyleringsmönster i allergirelaterade T-hjälparceller mest vid födseln mot s.k. hypometylering, vilket pekar på ökad tillgänglighet av generna för proteinuttryck. Vidare nätverksanalyser visade att flera immunrelaterade processer påverkades av behandlingen. Därtill var generna från nätverket till stor del associerade med allergiutveckling. Maternell behandling med L. reuteri under den sista graviditetsmånaden tycks alltså förändra DNA-metyleringsmönster i T-hjälparceller hos fostret mot ökad immunaktivering vid födseln, vilket i sin tur skulle kunna påverka både immunutmognad och allergiutveckling hos barnet. I likhet med det andra arbetet undersöktes i det tredje arbetet DNA-metyleringsmönster i hela epigenomet, fast endast vid födseln. I denna pågående studie behandlas mödrarna under den andra halvan av graviditeten med en kombination av L. reuteri och omega-3-fettsyror. Fyra olika behandlingsgrupper undersöktes och den största förändringen i DNA-metylering återfanns i den kombinerade aktiva behandlingsgruppen. I motsats till det andra arbetet var dock de flesta CpG positionerna och generna hypermetylerade, vilket tyder på att genernas tillgänglighet för proteinuttryck hämmas. I linje med det andra arbetet framkom T-cells- och immunrelaterade signalvägar i nätverksanalyser på dessa gener, och det fanns indikationer på synergistiska effekter mellan behandlingarna. Det tredje arbetet visade att behandling med L. reuteri och/eller omega- 3-fettsyror under senare delen av graviditeten förändrar T-hjälparcellernas epigenom i olika grad främst mot hypermetylering, och ofta påverkar immunrelaterade signalvägar. Relevansen av dessa fynd kommer i framtida studier att undersökas på proteinnivå och i relation till allergiutveckling. Med allergenspecifik immunterapi är det möjligt att modulera immunsvaret hos allergiska individer mot ett tolerant immunsvar, men effekter av sublingual immunterapi på immunförsvaret hos barn och ungdomar är knapphändigt undersökta. I det fjärde arbetet undersöktes olika immunologiska mediatorer i blod och saliv hos barn med gräspollenallergi, som deltagit i en studie med sublingual immunterapi. Nivåerna av allergirelaterade cytokiner och kemokiner undersöktes i blodprover från inklusionstillfället, efter tre år med behandling samt två år efter avslutad behandling i plasmaprov och allergenstimulerade blodceller. Dessutom mättes total-IgA, sekretoriskt IgA och gräspollenspecifikt IgA i saliv vid samma tillfällen. Barn som fått aktiv behandling hade högre nivåer av gräspollenspecifika IgA-antikroppar i saliv både när behandlingen avslutades och två år efter. Därtill ökade nivåerna av de Th1-associerade kemokinerna CXCL10 och CXCL11 i blodet vid samma tidpunkter. Sammantaget visade resultaten från det fjärde arbetet att behandlingen med sublingual immunterapi hos barn med gräspollenallergi modulerar immunsvaret både lokalt och i cirkulationen genom att öka Th1- svar, minska Th2-svar och inducera immunreglerande svar, vilket indikerar att tolerans har utvecklats hos dessa barn, delvis även på lång sikt. Sammanfattningsvis har studierna i denna avhandling visat på förändrad immunreglering hos barn som utvecklar allergi. Dessutom påvisades immunmodulerande effekter av prenatal behandling med probiotika och omega-3-fettsyror samt av sublingual immunterapi hos barn med gräspollenallergi. DNA-metyleringsmönster och immunologiska mediatorer i blod och saliv skulle kunna fungera som lämpliga biomarkörer för allergisk sjukdom, vilket är ett viktig led i att kunna förutsäga allergiutveckling och förbättra den kliniska behandlingen av allergier bland barn och ungdomar. Långsiktiga hälsofördelar kan uppnås genom att ingripa tidigt i livet, och vidare kunskap om mekanismerna bakom detta skulle kunna främja förebyggandet av allergiska sjukdomar och således kunna förbättra livskvaliteten för barn och ungdomar.
Allergic Diseases From Infancy To Adulthood
DOWNLOAD
READ ONLINE
Author : Charles Warren Bierman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994
Allergic Diseases From Infancy To Adulthood written by Charles Warren Bierman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Allergy categories.
Pediatric Allergy Asthma And Immunology
DOWNLOAD
READ ONLINE
Author : Arnaldo Cantani
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-01-23
Pediatric Allergy Asthma And Immunology written by Arnaldo Cantani and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-01-23 with Medical categories.
Easy to understand and easy to use, this essential book reflects the rapid progress in one of the most intriguing fields of medicine. It offers state-of-the-art information on basic immunology, fetal-neonatal immunology, and many more fascinating areas.
Food Allergy In Infancy And Childhood
DOWNLOAD
READ ONLINE
Author : H.K. Harms
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Food Allergy In Infancy And Childhood written by H.K. Harms and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
Since the beginning of the century when HAMBURGER, SCHLOSS MANN, and MORO first described food allergy in infants being fed with cow's milk, this topic has been the subject of very con troversial discussions among pediatricians. The dispute is illus trated by markedly fluctuating incidence figures, ranging from denial of the disease to incidence rates up to one in ten infants. The explanation for the differing incidence figures lies in the lack of a single laboratory test which is simple as well as applicable and reliable for all clinical and immunological reactions. Even though the classic allergic hypersensitivity reactions mediated by specific IgE antibodies are relatively clearly defined, there still exist other more complex immune responses which are more dif ficult to recognize. In the fall of 1987 internationally renowned experts from var ious fields met to define and discuss the fundamentals, organic manifestations, and the current status of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of food allergy in childhood. The results have been collected in the volume in hand, in hopes that it will encourage more public involvement in the discussion of this illness, which is fortunately mostly transient.
Pediatric Allergic Diseases
DOWNLOAD
READ ONLINE
Author : Lloyd V. Crawford
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1977
Pediatric Allergic Diseases written by Lloyd V. Crawford and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with categories.