Allorecognition By Leukocytes Of The Adaptive Immune System
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Allorecognition By Leukocytes Of The Adaptive Immune System
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Author : Gilles Benichou
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2018-01-25
Allorecognition By Leukocytes Of The Adaptive Immune System written by Gilles Benichou and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-25 with categories.
The term allorecognition refers to the series of mechanisms used by an individual’s immune system to distinguish its own cells and tissues from those of another individual belonging to the same species. During evolution, different cells and molecules of both innate and adaptive immune systems have been selected to recognize and respond to antigens expressed by allogeneic cells, but not autologous cells (alloantigens). This research topic focuses on allorecognition by lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system and its involvement in rejection or tolerance of allogeneic transplants. T and B cells recognizing alloantigens via specific receptors become activated and undergo proliferation and differentiation into different types of effector and memory cells. Allorecognition by lymphocytes occurs regularly during pregnancy upon trafficking of both maternal and fetal cells. In this setting, allorecognition triggers an alloresponse that is protective towards the fetus thus preventing abortion. Protective alloimmunity is mediated through cooperation between different lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells (APCs), as well as regulatory mediators and receptors. Likewise, certain transplants placed in organs and tissues called immune-privileged sites such as the eye, the central nervous system and the testis elicit protective rather than destructive adaptive immune responses. Therefore, under certain circumstances, allorecognition by regulatory lymphocytes (Tregs and Bregs) can lead to tolerance of alloantigens. In contrast, allorecognition by T cells in non-immune privileged sites and under inflammatory conditions leads to a destructive immune response. Indeed, after transplantation of most allogeneic organs and tissues, activation of pro-inflammatory T cells (TH1 and TH17), which recognize donor MHC proteins (direct pathway) or peptides derived from donor MHC and minor antigens (indirect pathway), leads to graft rejection. This inflammatory response leads to the differentiation of allospecific cytotoxic T cells as well as production of donor specific antibodies by B cells, both of which contribute to the destruction of the transplant. In this Research Topic, we describe the different pathways of allorecognition by T cells involved in allograft rejection, as well as the role of different antigen presenting cells and graft-derived microvesicles (exosomes) involved in this process. Another aspect of this Research Topic addresses the essential role of alloreactive memory T cells in allograft rejection and resistance to transplant tolerance induction in laboratory rodents, as well as non-human primates and patients. Indeed, it has become evident that laboratory mice display very few memory alloreactive T cells pre-transplantation, essentially due to the fact that they are raised in pathogen-free facilities. In contrast, primates display high frequencies of alloreactive memory T cells, either generated through prior exposure to allogeneic MHC molecules or via cross-reactivity with microbial antigens. We and others have provided ample evidence showing that this feature accounts for differences in terms of tolerance susceptibility between laboratory rodents and patients. This implies that further investigation of tolerance protocols in laboratory mice should be performed using “dirty mice” i.e., mice raised in non-sterile conditions. In summary, this Research Topic addresses key aspects of allorecognition by lymphocytes and alloantigen presentation by dendritic cells, and specifically how these processes shape our immune system and govern the rejection or tolerance of allogeneic tissues and organs.
Allorecognition By Leukocytes Of The Adaptive Immune System
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Allorecognition By Leukocytes Of The Adaptive Immune System written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
The term allorecognition refers to the series of mechanisms used by an individual's immune system to distinguish its own cells and tissues from those of another individual belonging to the same species. During evolution, different cells and molecules of both innate and adaptive immune systems have been selected to recognize and respond to antigens expressed by allogeneic cells, but not autologous cells (alloantigens). This research topic focuses on allorecognition by lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system and its involvement in rejection or tolerance of allogeneic transplants. T and B cells recognizing alloantigens via specific receptors become activated and undergo proliferation and differentiation into different types of effector and memory cells. Allorecognition by lymphocytes occurs regularly during pregnancy upon trafficking of both maternal and fetal cells. In this setting, allorecognition triggers an alloresponse that is protective towards the fetus thus preventing abortion. Protective alloimmunity is mediated through cooperation between different lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells (APCs), as well as regulatory mediators and receptors. Likewise, certain transplants placed in organs and tissues called immune-privileged sites such as the eye, the central nervous system and the testis elicit protective rather than destructive adaptive immune responses. Therefore, under certain circumstances, allorecognition by regulatory lymphocytes (Tregs and Bregs) can lead to tolerance of alloantigens. In contrast, allorecognition by T cells in non-immune privileged sites and under inflammatory conditions leads to a destructive immune response. Indeed, after transplantation of most allogeneic organs and tissues, activation of pro-inflammatory T cells (TH1 and TH17), which recognize donor MHC proteins (direct pathway) or peptides derived from donor MHC and minor antigens (indirect pathway), leads to graft rejection. This inflammatory response leads to the differentiation of allospecific cytotoxic T cells as well as production of donor specific antibodies by B cells, both of which contribute to the destruction of the transplant. In this Research Topic, we describe the different pathways of allorecognition by T cells involved in allograft rejection, as well as the role of different antigen presenting cells and graft-derived microvesicles (exosomes) involved in this process. Another aspect of this Research Topic addresses the essential role of alloreactive memory T cells in allograft rejection and resistance to transplant tolerance induction in laboratory rodents, as well as non-human primates and patients. Indeed, it has become evident that laboratory mice display very few memory alloreactive T cells pre-transplantation, essentially due to the fact that they are raised in pathogen-free facilities. In contrast, primates display high frequencies of alloreactive memory T cells, either generated through prior exposure to allogeneic MHC molecules or via cross-reactivity with microbial antigens. We and others have provided ample evidence showing that this feature accounts for differences in terms of tolerance susceptibility between laboratory rodents and patients. This implies that further investigation of tolerance protocols in laboratory mice should be performed using "dirty mice" i.e., mice raised in non-sterile conditions. In summary, this Research Topic addresses key aspects of allorecognition by lymphocytes and alloantigen presentation by dendritic cells, and specifically how these processes shape our immune system and govern the rejection or tolerance of allogeneic tissues and organs.
Innate Immunity Of Plants Animals And Humans
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Author : Holger Heine
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-12-07
Innate Immunity Of Plants Animals And Humans written by Holger Heine and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-12-07 with Science categories.
This book has been cunningly designed to provide an overview of our current knowledge about the innate immune systems of these three types of organisms. It not only covers the innate immune mechanisms and responses of such diverse organisms as plants, Cnidaria, Drosophila, urochordates and zebrafish, but also the major receptor systems in mammalians and humans. It delves too into the central defense mechanisms, antimicrobial peptides and the complement system.
Janeway S Immunobiology
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Author : Kenneth Murphy
language : en
Publisher: Garland Science
Release Date : 2010-06-22
Janeway S Immunobiology written by Kenneth Murphy and has been published by Garland Science this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-06-22 with Medical categories.
The Janeway's Immunobiology CD-ROM, Immunobiology Interactive, is included with each book, and can be purchased separately. It contains animations and videos with voiceover narration, as well as the figures from the text for presentation purposes.
Rejection And Tolerance
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Author : J.-L. Touraine
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1993-12-31
Rejection And Tolerance written by J.-L. Touraine and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-12-31 with Medical categories.
Proceedings of the 25th Conference on Transplantation and Clinical Immunology 24--26 May 1993
Neonatal Hematology
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Author : Pedro A. de Alarcón
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2021-02-18
Neonatal Hematology written by Pedro A. de Alarcón and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-18 with Medical categories.
An essential guide to the pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of hematologic problems in the neonate, covering erythrocyte disorders, leukocyte disorders, immunologic disorders and hemostatic disorders. Guidance is practical, including blood test interpretation, advice on transfusions and reference ranges for hematological values.
Inflammation 4 Volume Set
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Author : Jean-Marc Cavaillon
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2018-02-20
Inflammation 4 Volume Set written by Jean-Marc Cavaillon and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-20 with Medical categories.
The leading reference on this topic of increasing medical relevance is unique in offering unparalleled coverage. The editors are among the most respected researchers in inflammation worldwide and here have put together a prestigious team of contributors. Starting with the molecular basis of inflammation, from cytokines via the innate immune system to the different kinds of inflammatory cells, they continue with the function of inflammation in infectious disease before devoting a large section to the relationship between inflammation and chronic diseases. The book concludes with wound and tissue healing and options for therapeutic interventions. A must have for clinicians and biomedical researchers alike.
Organ Transplantation
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Author : Andrew A. Klein
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2011-08-11
Organ Transplantation written by Andrew A. Klein and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-08-11 with Medical categories.
Organ Transplantation: A Clinical Guide covers all aspects of transplantation in both adult and pediatric patients. Cardiac, lung, liver, kidney, pancreas and small bowel transplantation are discussed in detail, as well as emerging areas such as face and pancreatic islet cell transplantation. For each organ, chapters cover basic science of transplantation, recipient selection, the transplant procedure, anesthetic and post-operative care, and long-term follow-up and management of complications. Important issues in donor selection and management are also discussed, including recruitment and allocation of potential donor organs and expanding the donor pool. Summary tables and illustrations enhance the text, and long-term outcome data are provided where available. Written by expert transplant surgeons, anesthetists and physicians, Organ Transplantation: A Clinical Guide is an invaluable multidisciplinary resource for any clinician involved in transplantation, providing in-depth knowledge of specialist areas of transplantation and covering the full range of management strategies.
Mrcog Part One
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Author : Alison Fiander
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2016-10-13
Mrcog Part One written by Alison Fiander and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-13 with Education categories.
A fully updated and illustrated handbook providing comprehensive coverage of all curriculum areas covered by the MRCOG Part 1 examination.
Corneal Transplantation
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Author : Jesper Hjortdal
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-11-06
Corneal Transplantation written by Jesper Hjortdal and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-06 with Medical categories.
This textbook reviews the novel techniques employed in corneal transplantation. It will assist fellows and corneal surgeons in using these techniques to best effect and in selecting patients for surgical procedures, taking into account the benefits and risks. Until 15 years ago the state-of-the art type of corneal transplantation was penetrating keratoplasty. Since the start of this millennium, however, important advances have been made in developing new surgical techniques. Today, the vast majority of keratoplasty procedures are performed as delicate lamellar procedures, either with the assistance of fine microkeratomes or femtosecond lasers or using very advanced surgical dissection procedures. Corneal Transplantation provides detailed information on these and other advances, which have helped patients undergoing keratoplasty to achieve a much faster visual recovery and a more stable eye with less risk of rejection episodes.