Alternate Exons In Caenorhabditis Elegans Slo 1 Diversify Bk Channel Calcium Dependence
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Alternate Exons In Caenorhabditis Elegans Slo 1 Diversify Bk Channel Calcium Dependence
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Author : Brandon Eugene Johnson
language : en
Publisher: Stanford University
Release Date : 2010
Alternate Exons In Caenorhabditis Elegans Slo 1 Diversify Bk Channel Calcium Dependence written by Brandon Eugene Johnson and has been published by Stanford University this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Ion channels coordinate the movement of ions across biological membranes in response to a diversity of cellular signals to regulate most if not all aspects of physiology. The large-conductance Ca2+- and voltage-activated potassium (BK) channel is widely expressed across tissues and functions to repolarize action potentials, regulate smooth muscle tone and endocrine function, and tune auditory hair cells. In all tissues, BK channels provide a functional link between cytosolic Ca2+ and membrane excitation. Extensive alternate splicing of the slo-1 gene, encoding the BK channel, significantly diversifies channel function. We identified all twelve predicted BK channel splice variants expressed by the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, and measured the Ca2+ and voltage dependence for each. Alternate exons encode portions of two regions of the cytoplasmic tail: the RCK domain, important for Ca2+ coordination, and an unstructured region, termed the C-linker. Using the patch clamp technique, we determined that alternate splicing across multiple sites diversifies activation kinetics and Ca2+ sensitivity by manipulating the functional interaction between the RCK domain and C-linker. We recovered two slo-1 alleles (pg34 and pg52) that contain point-mutations near an alternative splice site in the C-linker from a mutant screen. Using real-time PCR, we determined that both mutations change slo-1 splice variant expression profiles. The pg34 mutation encodes an A698T substitution, and the pg52 mutation is located in an intron. When heterologously expressed, the A698T mutation changes BK channel Ca2+ sensitivity in specific splice variant backgrounds by disrupting the functional connection between the C-linker and the RCK domain. Using in vivo electrophysiology, we determined that the pg34 mutation reduces but does not abolish BK channel function in C. elegans neurons. These results suggest that alternate splicing of slo-1 modulates the functional connection between the RCK domain and the C-linker of the BK channel to establish a proper balance between intracellular Ca2+ and membrane excitation in a variety of cell type and physiological conditions.
Alternate Exons In Caenorhabditis Elegans Slo 1 Diversify Bk Channel Calcium Dependence
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Author : Brandon Eugene Johnson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Alternate Exons In Caenorhabditis Elegans Slo 1 Diversify Bk Channel Calcium Dependence written by Brandon Eugene Johnson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Ion channels coordinate the movement of ions across biological membranes in response to a diversity of cellular signals to regulate most if not all aspects of physiology. The large-conductance Ca2+- and voltage-activated potassium (BK) channel is widely expressed across tissues and functions to repolarize action potentials, regulate smooth muscle tone and endocrine function, and tune auditory hair cells. In all tissues, BK channels provide a functional link between cytosolic Ca2+ and membrane excitation. Extensive alternate splicing of the slo-1 gene, encoding the BK channel, significantly diversifies channel function. We identified all twelve predicted BK channel splice variants expressed by the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, and measured the Ca2+ and voltage dependence for each. Alternate exons encode portions of two regions of the cytoplasmic tail: the RCK domain, important for Ca2+ coordination, and an unstructured region, termed the C-linker. Using the patch clamp technique, we determined that alternate splicing across multiple sites diversifies activation kinetics and Ca2+ sensitivity by manipulating the functional interaction between the RCK domain and C-linker. We recovered two slo-1 alleles (pg34 and pg52) that contain point-mutations near an alternative splice site in the C-linker from a mutant screen. Using real-time PCR, we determined that both mutations change slo-1 splice variant expression profiles. The pg34 mutation encodes an A698T substitution, and the pg52 mutation is located in an intron. When heterologously expressed, the A698T mutation changes BK channel Ca2+ sensitivity in specific splice variant backgrounds by disrupting the functional connection between the C-linker and the RCK domain. Using in vivo electrophysiology, we determined that the pg34 mutation reduces but does not abolish BK channel function in C. elegans neurons. These results suggest that alternate splicing of slo-1 modulates the functional connection between the RCK domain and the C-linker of the BK channel to establish a proper balance between intracellular Ca2+ and membrane excitation in a variety of cell type and physiological conditions.
Textbook Of Ion Channels Volume Iii
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Author : Jie Zheng
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2023-06-28
Textbook Of Ion Channels Volume Iii written by Jie Zheng and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-06-28 with Medical categories.
Gives newcomers to the field a foundation in ion channel properties Details up-to-date techniques used in the study of ion channels, including fluorescence spectroscopy, x-ray crystallography, and electrophysiology Links the physiology of ion channels to diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and cystic fibrosis Includes case studies and a glossary
Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases
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Author : Nima Rezaei
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-11-30
Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases written by Nima Rezaei and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-11-30 with Medical categories.
The number of diagnosed cases of primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) – a group of inborn disorders of the immune system – is growing rapidly, but misdiagnosis or late diagnosis still occurs in a significant number of patients, with serious consequences. This is the second edition of a practical reference textbook on PIDs that has been widely welcomed by scientists and clinicians from around the world. The new edition has been extensively revised to reflect advances in knowledge and includes various PIDs not previously covered. For each disease, information is provided on definition, etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management. This book will represent an ideal resource for specialists when engaging in diagnosis, clinical decision-making, and treatment planning. It will also prove invaluable for doctors in training and other physicians and nurses who wish to learn more about PIDs.
Sexual Reproduction In Animals And Plants
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Author : Hitoshi Sawada
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-02-07
Sexual Reproduction In Animals And Plants written by Hitoshi Sawada and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-02-07 with Science categories.
This book contains the proceedings of the International Symposium on the Mechanisms of Sexual Reproduction in Animals and Plants, where many plant and animal reproductive biologists gathered to discuss their recent progress in investigating the shared mechanisms and factors involved in sexual reproduction. This now is the first book that reviews recent progress in almost all fields of plant and animal fertilization. It was recently reported that the self-sterile mechanism of a hermaphroditic marine invertebrate (ascidian) is very similar to the self-incompatibility system in flowering plants. It was also found that a male factor expressed in the sperm cells of flowering plants is involved in gamete fusion not only of plants but also of animals and parasites. These discoveries have led to the consideration that the core mechanisms or factors involved in sexual reproduction may be shared by animals, plants and unicellular organisms. This valuable book is highly useful for reproductive biologists as well as for biological scientists outside this field in understanding the current progress of reproductive biology.
Tetraspanins
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Author : Fedor Berditchevski
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-20
Tetraspanins written by Fedor Berditchevski and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-20 with Medical categories.
Tetraspanin proteins have recently emerged as a new class of modulators of various processes involving cell surface receptors, including cell migration and invasion, host immune responses, cell-cell fusion, and viral infection. The book summarises recent advances in the fields of biology in which the role of tetraspanins have been established and also covers the molecular evolution of the tetraspanin superfamily and structural aspects of the organisation of tetraspanin microdomains.
Vertebrate Hair Cells
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Author : Ruth Eatock
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-07-01
Vertebrate Hair Cells written by Ruth Eatock and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-07-01 with Science categories.
The Springer Handbook of Auditory Research presents a series of compreh- sive and synthetic reviews of the fundamental topics in modern auditory - search. The volumes are aimed at all individuals with interests in hearing research including advanced graduate students, postdoctoral researchers, and clinical investigators. The volumes are intended to introduce new investigators to important aspects of hearing science and to help established investigators to better understand the fundamental theories and data in ?elds of hearing that they may not normally follow closely. Each volume presents a particular topic comprehensively, and each serves as a synthetic overview and guide to the literature. As such, the chapters present neither exhaustive data reviews nor original research that has not yet appeared in peer-reviewed journals. The volumes focus on topics that have developed a solid data and conceptual foundation rather than on those for which a literature is only beginning to develop. New research areas will be covered on a timely basis in the series as they begin to mature.
Trafficking Inside Cells
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Author : Nava Segev
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-05-30
Trafficking Inside Cells written by Nava Segev and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-05-30 with Science categories.
This book covers the past, present and future of the intra-cellular trafficking field, which has made a quantum leap in the last few decades. It details how the field has developed and evolved as well as examines future directions.
Molecular Basis Of Resilience
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Author : Patrick L. Iversen
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-01-05
Molecular Basis Of Resilience written by Patrick L. Iversen and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-05 with Medical categories.
This book illuminates mechanisms of resilience. Threats and defense systems lead to adaptive changes in gene expression. Environmental conditions may dampen adaptive responses at the level of RNA expression. The first seven chapters elaborate threats to human health. Human populations spontaneously invade niche boundaries exposing us to threats that drive the resilience process. Emerging RNA viruses are a significant threat to human health. Antiviral drugs are reviewed and how viral genomes respond to the environment driving genome sequence plasticity. Limitations in predicting the human outcome are described in “nonlinear anomalies.” An example includes medical countermeasures for Ebola and Marburg viruses under the “Animal Rule.” Bacterial infections and a review of antibacterial drugs and bacterial resilience mediated by horizontal gene transfer follow. Chapter 6 shifts focus to cancer and discovery of novel therapeutics for leukemia. The spontaneous resolution of AML in children with Down syndrome highlights human resilience. Chapter 7 explores chemicals in the environment. Examples of chemical carcinogenesis illustrate how chemicals disrupt genomes. Historic research ignored RNA damage from chemically induced nucleic acid damage. The emergence of important forms of RNA and their possible role in resilience is proposed. Chapters 8-10 discuss threat recognition and defense systems responding to improve resilience. Chapter 8 describes the immune response as a threat recognition system and response via diverse RNA expression. Oligonucleotides designed to suppress specific RNA to manipulate the immune response including exon-skipping strategies are described. Threat recognition and response by the cytochrome P450 enzymes parallels immune responses. The author proposes metabolic clearance of small molecules is a companion to the immune system. Chapter 10 highlights RNA diversity expressed from a single gene. Molecular Resilience lists paths to RNA transcriptome plasticity forms the molecular basis for resilience. Chapter 11 is an account of ExonDys 51, an approved drug for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Chapter 12 addresses the question “what informs molecular mechanisms of resilience?” that drives the limits to adaptation and boundaries for molecular resilience. He speculates that radical oxygen, epigenetic modifications, and ligands to nuclear hormone receptors play critical roles in regulating molecular resilience.
Advances In Tuna Aquaculture
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Author : Daniel Benetti
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2015-11-21
Advances In Tuna Aquaculture written by Daniel Benetti and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-21 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Advances in Tuna Aquaculture: From Hatchery to Market provides detailed overviews on the current status of tuna fisheries, fattening, and farming practices, as well as advances in closed-cycle tuna aquaculture. Contributors are renowned scientists, internationally recognized as authorities in their fields. This book addresses all basic and applied aspects of tuna aquaculture, presenting and discussing the global status of tuna fisheries, reproduction, broodstock management, spawning, larval rearing and early developmental stages including nursery and grow out methods. It presents incorporates the most comprehensive and updated data, statistics, and trends in tuna fisheries and aquaculture, covering and addresses a variety of topics ranging fromfrom endocrinology, nutrition, diseases, and genetics to economics and markets. It covers describes recent up-to-date progress on tuna aquaculture and hatchery development. It also provides a synopsisn overview of the challenges presently confronted by tuna aquaculturists,facing tuna aquaculture and and offers innovative views on the challengesbottle-neck issues faced by the industry with the current shift from fisheries to fattening to closed-cycle aquaculture. This is the first book to encompass all aspects related to the tuna aquaculture industry, and merges them into a state-of-the-art compendium that will serve as seminal reference for students, researchers, and professionals working with tuna biology, fisheries, and aquaculture worldwide. Incorporates and reviews the most recent information on tuna fisheries and aquaculture Presents the most innovative production technologies in tuna aquaculture, from hatchery to market Includes important information on tuna, derived from industry experience and academic research on larval rearing technology and grow out operations Encompasses and discusses key topics such as genetics, diseases, nutrition, endocrinology, and reproduction, as well as developments, challenges, and future opportunities in tuna aquaculture Provides the latest scientific methods and technologies to maximize efficiencies and production Presents the independent and collective assessments, viewpoints, and visions of various scientists, all internationally recognized as authorities in the field