An Algorithmic Links With Probabilities Concordance For Trademarks For Disaggregated Analysis Of Trademark And Economic Data
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An Algorithmic Links With Probabilities Concordance For Trademarks For Disaggregated Analysis Of Trademark And Economic Data
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Author : World Intellectual Property Organization
language : en
Publisher: WIPO
Release Date : 2014
An Algorithmic Links With Probabilities Concordance For Trademarks For Disaggregated Analysis Of Trademark And Economic Data written by World Intellectual Property Organization and has been published by WIPO this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Law categories.
The authors propose an ‘Algorithmic Links with Probabilities’ (ALP) approach to match Trademarks (TMs) data to economic data and enable these data to speak to each other. Specifically, they construct a NICE Class Level concordance that maps TM data into trade and industry categories forward and backward. This concordance allows researchers to analyze differences in TM usage across both economic and TM sectors. In this paper, the authors apply this ALP concordance for TMs to characterize patterns in TM applications across countries, industries, income levels and more. They also use the concordance to investigate some of the key determinants of international technology transfer by comparing bilateral TM applications and bilateral patent applications.
An Algorithmic Links With Probabilities Concordance For Trademarks For Disaggregated Analysis Of Trademark And Economic Data
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Author : Travis J. Lybbert
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
An Algorithmic Links With Probabilities Concordance For Trademarks For Disaggregated Analysis Of Trademark And Economic Data written by Travis J. Lybbert and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with categories.
Trademarks (TMs) shape the competitive landscape of markets for goods and services in all countries through branding and conveying information and quality inherent in products. Yet, researchers are largely unable to conduct rigorous empirical analysis of TMs in the modern economy because TM data and economic activity data are organized differently and cannot be analyzed jointly at the industry or sectoral level. We propose an 'Algorithmic Links with Probabilities' (ALP) approach to match TM data to economic data and enable these data to speak to each other. Specifically, we construct a NICE Class Level concordance that maps TM data into trade and industry categories forward and backward. This concordance allows researchers to analyze differences in TM usage across both economic and TM sectors. In this paper, we apply this ALP concordance for TMs to characterize patterns in TM applications across countries, industries, income levels and more. We also use the concordance to investigate some of the key determinants of international technology transfer by comparing bilateral TM applications and bilateral patent applications. We conclude with a discussion of possible extensions of this work, including deeper indicator-level concordances and further analyses that are possible once TM data are linked with economic activity data.
An Algorithmic Links With Probabilities Concordance For Trademarks With An Application Towards Bilateral Ip Flows
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Author : Nikolas Jason Zolas
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
An Algorithmic Links With Probabilities Concordance For Trademarks With An Application Towards Bilateral Ip Flows written by Nikolas Jason Zolas and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Trademarks (TMs) shape the competitive landscape of markets for goods and services in all countries. As a key element of branding, they can inform consumers about the quality and content of goods and services. Yet, researchers are largely unable to conduct rigorous empirical analysis of TMs in the global economy because TM data and economic data are organised differently and cannot be analysed jointly at the industry or sector level. We propose an 'algorithmic links with probabilities' (ALP) approach to match TM data to economic data and enable joint analysis with these data. Specifically, we construct a NICE class-level concordance that maps TM data into trade and industry categories forward and backward. This concordance allows researchers to analyse differences in TM usage across both economic and TM sectors. We apply this ALP concordance for TMs to characterise patterns in TM registrations across countries and industries and to investigate some key determinants of international technology flows by comparing bilateral TM registrations and bilateral patent grants. We find that international patenting and TM flows are jointly determined by trade-related influences with significant differences in intellectual property usage across industry sectors and income levels.
Bounded By Brands
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Author : Deven R. Desai
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Bounded By Brands written by Deven R. Desai and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Trademarks are indeed about information, but trademark doctrine misunderstands trademarks' information function. Trademark doctrine takes a broadcast view in a networked world. Rather than a world where a single source transmits messages to a passive public, we live in a world where many actors use trademarks to transmit data about a mark. Decisions are made based on data received, but trademark law's broadcast model has a naïve view of whether the data leads to good or bad decisions. This Paper explores what happens if trademarks are taken to be part of an information network. I show that by ignoring the information network nature of trademarks, current trademark doctrine favors herding and cascade problems, ensconces incumbents, and thwarts competition. One way to describe this situation is as one of bounded information and rationality. Although these concepts lie at the heart of the network theory and behavioral economics literature that explains herds, and at the heart of the law and economics approach to trademark law, the law and economics approach reaches conclusions about the implications if bounded information and rationality far different than the other disciplines. I argue that the law and economics conclusions are incorrect. They foster further bounded information and rationality problems that protect incumbent brand holders rather than enhancing consumer welfare. Furthermore, I argue that insights from information network and behavioral economics theory explain and enhance our understanding of how to correct these outcomes. In short, these theories better answer why recent calls favoring less trademark protection and increasing information available to consumers are correct.
On The Price Elasticity Of Demand For Trademarks
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Author : Gaétan de Rassenfosse
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
On The Price Elasticity Of Demand For Trademarks written by Gaétan de Rassenfosse and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Trademark protection is a policy instrument situated at the core of firm marketing and innovation strategy. One underexplored factor directly affecting firms' use of trademarks relates to the fees associated with obtaining a mark. This paper provides econometric estimates of the fee elasticity of demand for trademarks using a panel of monthly international trademark applications. Estimates range from -0.29 to -0.44, which is remarkably similar to the fee elasticity of patent filings. The paper discusses implications for trademark policy, the use of trademarks as an innovation indicator and the economic returns from trademark protection.
The Economics Of Trademarks
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Author : Nicholas S. Economides
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1968
The Economics Of Trademarks written by Nicholas S. Economides and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1968 with Trademarks categories.
The Economics Of Trademark Law
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Author : William M. Landes
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1988
The Economics Of Trademark Law written by William M. Landes and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Andes categories.