An American Scientist On The Research Frontier
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An American Scientist On The Research Frontier
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Author : Ralph R. Hamerla
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-07-04
An American Scientist On The Research Frontier written by Ralph R. Hamerla and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-07-04 with Science categories.
An American Scientist on the Research Frontier is the first scholarly study of the nineteenth-century American scientist Edward Williams Morley. In part, it is the long-overdue story of a man who lent his name to the Michelson and Morley Ether-Drift Experiment, and who conclusively established the atomic weight of oxygen. It is also the untold story of science in provincial America: what Hamerla presents as science on the "American research frontier". This important examination of Morley’s struggle for personal and professional legitimacy extends and transforms our understanding of science during a foundational period, and leads to a number of unique conclusions that are vital to the literature and historiography of science. By revealing important aspects of the scientific culture of the American heartland, An American Scientist on the Research Frontier deepens our understanding of an individual scientist and of American science more broadly. In so doing, Hamerla changes the way we approach and understand the creation of scientific knowledge, scientific communities, and the history of science itself.
On The Frontier Of Science
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Author : Leah Ceccarelli
language : en
Publisher: MSU Press
Release Date : 2013-11-01
On The Frontier Of Science written by Leah Ceccarelli and has been published by MSU Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-01 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
“The frontier of science” is a metaphor that has become ubiquitous in American rhetoric, from its first appearance in the public address of early twentieth-century American intellectuals and politicians who aligned a mythic national identity with scientific research, to its more recent use in scientists’ arguments in favor of increased research funding. Here, Leah Ceccarelli explores what is selected and what is deflected when this metaphor is deployed, its effects on those who use it, and what rhetorical moves are made by those who try to counter its appeal. In her research, Ceccarelli discovers that “the frontier of science” evokes a scientist who is typically male, a risk taker, an adventurous loner—someone separated from a public that both envies and distrusts him, with a manifest destiny to penetrate the unknown. It conjures a competitive desire to claim the riches of a new territory before others can do the same. Closely reading the public address of scientists and politicians and the reception of their audiences, this book shows how the frontier of science metaphor constrains American speakers, helping to guide the ends of scientific research in particular ways and sometimes blocking scientists from attaining the very goals they set out to achieve.
Science The Endless Frontier
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Author : Vannevar Bush
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2021-02-02
Science The Endless Frontier written by Vannevar Bush and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-02 with Science categories.
The classic case for why government must support science—with a new essay by physicist and former congressman Rush Holt on what democracy needs from science today Science, the Endless Frontier is recognized as the landmark argument for the essential role of science in society and government’s responsibility to support scientific endeavors. First issued when Vannevar Bush was the director of the US Office of Scientific Research and Development during the Second World War, this classic remains vital in making the case that scientific progress is necessary to a nation’s health, security, and prosperity. Bush’s vision set the course for US science policy for more than half a century, building the world’s most productive scientific enterprise. Today, amid a changing funding landscape and challenges to science’s very credibility, Science, the Endless Frontier resonates as a powerful reminder that scientific progress and public well-being alike depend on the successful symbiosis between science and government. This timely new edition presents this iconic text alongside a new companion essay from scientist and former congressman Rush Holt, who offers a brief introduction and consideration of what society needs most from science now. Reflecting on the report’s legacy and relevance along with its limitations, Holt contends that the public’s ability to cope with today’s issues—such as public health, the changing climate and environment, and challenging technologies in modern society—requires a more capacious understanding of what science can contribute. Holt considers how scientists should think of their obligation to society and what the public should demand from science, and he calls for a renewed understanding of science’s value for democracy and society at large. A touchstone for concerned citizens, scientists, and policymakers, Science, the Endless Frontier endures as a passionate articulation of the power and potential of science.
The Changing Frontier
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Author : Adam B. Jaffe
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2015-08-14
The Changing Frontier written by Adam B. Jaffe and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-08-14 with Business & Economics categories.
In 1945, Vannevar Bush, founder of Raytheon and one-time engineering dean at MIT, delivered a report to the president of the United States that argued for the importance of public support for science, and the importance of science for the future of the nation. The report, Science: The Endless Frontier, set America on a path toward strong and well-funded institutions of science, creating an intellectual architecture that still defines scientific endeavor today. In The Changing Frontier, Adam B. Jaffe and Benjamin Jones bring together a group of prominent scholars to consider the changes in science and innovation in the ensuing decades. The contributors take on such topics as changes in the organization of scientific research, the geography of innovation, modes of entrepreneurship, and the structure of research institutions and linkages between science and innovation. An important analysis of where science stands today, The Changing Frontier will be invaluable to practitioners and policy makers alike.
Politics On The Endless Frontier
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Author : Daniel Lee Kleinman
language : en
Publisher: Duke University Press
Release Date : 1995
Politics On The Endless Frontier written by Daniel Lee Kleinman and has been published by Duke University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Business & Economics categories.
Toward what end does the U.S. government support science and technology? How do the legacies and institutions of the past constrain current efforts to restructure federal research policy? Not since the end of World War II have these questions been so pressing, as scientists and policymakers debate anew the desirability and purpose of a federal agenda for funding research. Probing the values that have become embodied in the postwar federal research establishment, Politics on the Endless Frontier clarifies the terms of these debates and reveals what is at stake in attempts to reorganize that establishment. Although it ended up as only one among a host of federal research policymaking agencies, the National Science Foundation was originally conceived as central to the federal research policymaking system. Kleinman's historical examination of the National Science Foundation exposes the sociological and political workings of the system, particularly the way in which a small group of elite scientists shaped the policymaking process and defined the foundation's structure and future. Beginning with Vannevar Bush's 1945 manifesto The Endless Frontier, Kleinman explores elite and populist visions for a postwar research policy agency and shows how the structure of the American state led to the establishment of a fragmented and uncoordinated system for federal research policymaking. His book concludes with an analysis of recent efforts to reorient research policy and to remake federal policymaking institutions in light of the current "crisis" of economic competitiveness. A particularly timely study, Politics on the Endless Frontier will be of interest to historians and sociologists of science and technology and to science policy analysts.
People S Science
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Author : Ruha Benjamin
language : en
Publisher: Stanford University Press
Release Date : 2013-06-05
People S Science written by Ruha Benjamin and has been published by Stanford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-05 with Social Science categories.
Stem cell research has sparked controversy and heated debate since the first human stem cell line was derived in 1998. Too frequently these debates devolve to simple judgments—good or bad, life-saving medicine or bioethical nightmare, symbol of human ingenuity or our fall from grace—ignoring the people affected. With this book, Ruha Benjamin moves the terms of debate to focus on the shifting relationship between science and society, on the people who benefit—or don't—from regenerative medicine and what this says about our democratic commitments to an equitable society. People's Science uncovers the tension between scientific innovation and social equality, taking the reader inside California's 2004 stem cell initiative, the first of many state referenda on scientific research, to consider the lives it has affected. Benjamin reveals the promise and peril of public participation in science, illuminating issues of race, disability, gender, and socio-economic class that serve to define certain groups as more or less deserving in their political aims and biomedical hopes. Under the shadow of the free market and in a nation still at odds with universal healthcare, the socially marginalized are often eagerly embraced as test-subjects, yet often are unable to afford new medicines and treatment regimes as patients. Ultimately, Ruha Benjamin argues that without more deliberate consideration about how scientific initiatives can and should reflect a wider array of social concerns, stem cell research— from African Americans' struggle with sickle cell treatment to the recruitment of women as tissue donors—still risks excluding many. Even as regenerative medicine is described as a participatory science for the people, Benjamin asks us to consider if "the people" ultimately reflects our democratic ideals.
A History Of Physical Theories Of Comets From Aristotle To Whipple
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Author : Tofigh Heidarzadeh
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-05-23
A History Of Physical Theories Of Comets From Aristotle To Whipple written by Tofigh Heidarzadeh and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-05-23 with Science categories.
Although the development of ideas about the motion and trajectory of comets has been investigated piecemeal, we lack a comprehensive and detailed survey of ph- ical theories of comets. The available works either illustrate relatively short periods in the history of physical cometology or portray a landscape view without adequate details. The present study is an attempt to review – with more details – the major physical theories of comets in the past two millennia, from Aristotle to Whipple. My research, however, did not begin with antiquity. The basic question from which this project originated was a simple inquiry about the cosmic identity of comets at the dawn of the astronomical revolution: how did natural philosophers and astronomers define the nature and place of a new category of celestial objects – comets – after Brahe’s estimation of cometary distances? It was from this turning point in the history of cometary theories that I expanded my studies in both the pre-modern and modern eras. A study starting merely from Brahe and ending with Newton, without covering classical and medieval thought about comets, would be incomplete and leave the fascinating achievements of post-Newtonian cometology unexplored.
The Routledge History Of American Science
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Author : Timothy W. Kneeland
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2022-12-01
The Routledge History Of American Science written by Timothy W. Kneeland and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-12-01 with History categories.
The Routledge History of American Science provides an essential companion to the most significant themes within the subject area. The field of the history of science continues to grow and expand into new areas and to adopt new theories to explain the role of science and its connections to politics, economics, religion, social structures, intellectual history, and art. This book takes North America as its focus and explores the history of science in the region both nationally and internationally with 27 chapters from a range of disciplines. Part I takes a chronological look at the history of science in America, from its origins in the Atlantic World, through to the American Revolution, the Civil War, the World Wars, and ending in the postmodern era. Part II discusses American science in practice, from scientists as practitioners, laboratories and field experiences, to science and religion. Part III examines the relationship between science and power. The chapters touch on the intersection of science and imperialism, environmental science in U.S. politics, as well as capitalism and science. Finally, Part IV explores how science is embedded in the culture of the United States with topics such as the growing importance of climate science, the role of scientific racism, the construction of gender, and how science and disability studies converge. The final chapter reviews the way in which society has embraced or rejected science, with reflections on the recent pandemic and what it may mean for the future of American science. This book fills a much-needed gap in the history and historiography of American science studies and will be an invaluable guide for any student or researcher in the history of science in America.
The Eternal Frontier
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Author : Tim Flannery
language : en
Publisher: Open Road + Grove/Atlantic
Release Date : 2018-11-20
The Eternal Frontier written by Tim Flannery and has been published by Open Road + Grove/Atlantic this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-20 with History categories.
A comprehensive history of the continent, "full of engaging and attention-catching information about North America's geology, climate, and paleontology" ( The Washington Post Book World). Here, "the rock star of modern science" tells the unforgettable story of the geological and biological evolution of the North American continent, from the time of the asteroid strike that wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago to the present day (Jared Diamond, Pulitzer Prize–winning author of Guns, Germs, and Steel). Flannery describes the development of North America's deciduous forests and other flora, and tracks the migrations of various animals to and from Europe, Asia, and South America, showing how plant and animal species have either adapted or become extinct. The story spans the massive changes wrought by the ice ages and the coming of the Native Americans. It continues right up to the present, covering the deforestation of the Northeast, the decimation of the buffalo, and other consequences of frontier settlement and the industrial development of the United States. This is science writing at its very best—both an engrossing narrative and a scholarly trove of information that "will forever change your perspective on the North American continent" ( The New York Review of Books).
An Anthology Of Nineteenth Century American Science Writing
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Author : C. R. Resetarits
language : en
Publisher: Anthem Press
Release Date : 2013-11-01
An Anthology Of Nineteenth Century American Science Writing written by C. R. Resetarits and has been published by Anthem Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-01 with Science categories.
This volume is a brief anthology of the most influential writing by American scientists between 1800 and 1900. Arranged thematically and chronologically to highlight the progression of American science throughout the nineteenth century – from its beginnings in self-taught classification and exploration to the movement towards university education and specialization – it is the first collection of its kind. Each section begins with a biography, putting human faces to each time period, and introducing such notable figures as Thomas Jefferson and Louis Agassiz.