An Evaluation Of The Whole Effluent Toxicity Test Method
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An Evaluation Of The Whole Effluent Toxicity Test Method
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
An Evaluation Of The Whole Effluent Toxicity Test Method written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.
Whole effluent toxicity (WET) testing has become increasingly more important to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the States in the permitting of wastewater discharges from industry and municipalities. The primary purpose of the WET test is to protect aquatic life by predicting the effect of an effluent on the receiving stream. However, there are both scientific and regulatory concerns that using WET tests to regulate industrial effluents may result in either false positives and/or false negatives. In order to realistically predict the effect of an effluent on the receiving stream, the test should be as representative as possible of the conditions in the receiving stream. Studies (Rand and Petrocelli 1985) suggested several criteria for an ideal aquatic toxicity test organism, one of which is that the organism be indigenous to, or representative of, the ecosystem receiving the effluent. The other component needed in the development of a predictive test is the use of the receiving stream water or similar synthetic water as the control and dilution water in the test method. Use of an indigenous species and receiving water in the test should help reduce the variability in the method and allow the test to predict the effect of the effluent on the receiving stream. The experience with toxicity testing at the Savannah River Site (SRS) has yielded inconclusive data because of the inconsistency and unreliability of the results. The SRS contention is that the WET method in its present form does not adequately mimic actual biological/chemical conditions of the receiving streams and is neither reasonable nor accurate. This paper discusses the rationale for such a position by SRS on toxicity testing in terms of historical permitting requirements, outfall effluent test results, standard test method evaluation, scientific review of alternate test species, and concerns over the test method expressed by other organizations. This paper presents the Savannah River Site position that the EPA test is neither reasonable nor accurate and thus cannot adequately establish the impact of NPDES outfall discharges on receiving streams.
Whole Effluent Toxicity Testing
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Author : Donald R. Grothe
language : en
Publisher: Setac Press
Release Date : 1996
Whole Effluent Toxicity Testing written by Donald R. Grothe and has been published by Setac Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Cours d'eau categories.
Whole Effluent Toxicity Testing contains the proceedings of a Pellston Workshop, held September 16-21, 1995 at the University of Michigan Biological Station on Douglas Lake, to address issues surrounding the science of whole effluent toxicity testing and receiving system impact predictions. The proceedings reflect the current state-of-the-art of these topics and focus on an assessment of 1) the appropriateness of whole effluent toxicity endpoints used in routine WET methods; 2) the degree and causes of WET test method variability; 3) biotic and abiotic factors that can influence measured field responses to effluents; and 4) the relationship between effluent toxicity, ambient toxicity, and receiving system impacts.
Whole Effluent Toxicity Testing
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Author : Donald R. Grothe
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Whole Effluent Toxicity Testing written by Donald R. Grothe and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Effluent quality categories.
Guidelines Establishing Test Procedures For The Analysis Of Pollutants Whole Effluent Toxicity Test Methods Final Rule
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Guidelines Establishing Test Procedures For The Analysis Of Pollutants Whole Effluent Toxicity Test Methods Final Rule written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Effluent quality categories.
Methods For Measuring The Acute Toxicity Of Effluents And Receiving Waters To Freshwater And Marine Organisms
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 2002
Methods For Measuring The Acute Toxicity Of Effluents And Receiving Waters To Freshwater And Marine Organisms written by and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Water quality biological assessment categories.
Guidelines Establishing Test Procedures For The Analysis Of Pollutants Whole Effluent Toxicity Test Methods Proposed Rule
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Guidelines Establishing Test Procedures For The Analysis Of Pollutants Whole Effluent Toxicity Test Methods Proposed Rule written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with categories.
Generalized Methodology For Conducting Industrial Toxicity Reduction Evaluations Tres
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Author : James A. Fava
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Generalized Methodology For Conducting Industrial Toxicity Reduction Evaluations Tres written by James A. Fava and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Chemicals categories.
Whole Effluent Toxicity Testing
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Author : Jerome M. Diamond
language : en
Publisher: International Water Assn
Release Date : 2003-01-01
Whole Effluent Toxicity Testing written by Jerome M. Diamond and has been published by International Water Assn this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-01-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Under the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES), many municipal and industrial wastewater treatment facilities must perform Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET) Testing. Regulatory agencies determine the level of compliance of each facility by making inferences about the results of these tests. There has been some concern regarding appropriate ways to integrate WET tests into NPDES permits. The central issue of this concern involves determining the relationship between WET tests and instream biological conditions. Previous research (WERF project 95-HHE-1) has examined this issue using historical data. Because of issues with data comparability, i.e. questionable data quality, and project design, results were inconclusive. This study plan was designed to collect new data on method performance for both WET and bioassessment that would help answer the outstanding question. The study plan was designed using a Data Quality Objective (DQO) approach in which DQOs and MQOs were defined. These DQOs and MQOs were characterized using technical input from many scientists from federal, state, and private organizations.It was through this effort that certain technical design issues arose that needed further investigation before implementing the definitive study. Among these issues were determining if DQOs and MQOs were achievable, and determining appropriate biological assessment methods for various ecoregions (e.g. effluent dependent streams in the arid west). In order to appropriately address these issues, it was determined that a pilot study would be implemented before the definitive study. The pilot study is designed as a one-year study in which participating facilities will perform quarterly WET tests (Ceriodaphnia, P. promelas, Selenastrum) and at least one bioassessment (macroinvertebrate, fish, algae) as well as providing other prescribed data requirements. Results of the pilot will provide answers to technique design issues and will ultimately determine the most appropriate study design for the definitive study.
Methods For Aquatic Toxicity Identification Evaluations
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Author : Donald Irvin Mount
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1988
Methods For Aquatic Toxicity Identification Evaluations written by Donald Irvin Mount and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Toxicity testing categories.
Toxicity Identification Evaluation
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Author : T. J. Norberg-King
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991
Toxicity Identification Evaluation written by T. J. Norberg-King and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Sewage categories.