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An Introduction To Many Valued And Fuzzy Logic


An Introduction To Many Valued And Fuzzy Logic
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An Introduction To Many Valued And Fuzzy Logic


An Introduction To Many Valued And Fuzzy Logic
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Author : Merrie Bergmann
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2008-01-14

An Introduction To Many Valued And Fuzzy Logic written by Merrie Bergmann and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-01-14 with Mathematics categories.


Professor Merrie Bergmann presents an accessible introduction to the subject of many-valued and fuzzy logic designed for use on undergraduate and graduate courses in non-classical logic. Bergmann discusses the philosophical issues that give rise to fuzzy logic - problems arising from vague language - and returns to those issues as logical systems are presented. For historical and pedagogical reasons, three-valued logical systems are presented as useful intermediate systems for studying the principles and theory behind fuzzy logic. The major fuzzy logical systems - Lukasiewicz, Gödel, and product logics - are then presented as generalisations of three-valued systems that successfully address the problems of vagueness. A clear presentation of technical concepts, this book includes exercises throughout the text that pose straightforward problems, that ask students to continue proofs begun in the text, and that engage students in the comparison of logical systems.



Fuzzy Logic And Mathematics


Fuzzy Logic And Mathematics
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Author : Radim Belohlavek
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017-05-03

Fuzzy Logic And Mathematics written by Radim Belohlavek and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-05-03 with Philosophy categories.


The term "fuzzy logic," as it is understood in this book, stands for all aspects of representing and manipulating knowledge based on the rejection of the most fundamental principle of classical logic---the principle of bivalence. According to this principle, each declarative sentence is required to be either true or false. In fuzzy logic, these classical truth values are not abandoned. However, additional, intermediate truth values between true and false are allowed, which are interpreted as degrees of truth. This opens a new way of thinking---thinking in terms of degrees rather than absolutes. For example, it leads to the definition of a new kind of sets, referred to as fuzzy sets, in which membership is a matter of degree. The book examines the genesis and development of fuzzy logic. It surveys the prehistory of fuzzy logic and inspects circumstances that eventually lead to the emergence of fuzzy logic. The book explores in detail the development of propositional, predicate, and other calculi that admit degrees of truth, which are known as fuzzy logic in the narrow sense. Fuzzy logic in the broad sense, whose primary aim is to utilize degrees of truth for emulating common-sense human reasoning in natural language, is scrutinized as well. The book also examines principles for developing mathematics based on fuzzy logic and provides overviews of areas in which this has been done most effectively. It also presents a detailed survey of established and prospective applications of fuzzy logic in various areas of human affairs, and provides an assessment of the significance of fuzzy logic as a new paradigm.



An Introduction To Non Classical Logic


An Introduction To Non Classical Logic
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Author : Graham Priest
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2008-04-10

An Introduction To Non Classical Logic written by Graham Priest and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-04-10 with Science categories.


This revised and considerably expanded 2nd edition brings together a wide range of topics, including modal, tense, conditional, intuitionist, many-valued, paraconsistent, relevant, and fuzzy logics. Part 1, on propositional logic, is the old Introduction, but contains much new material. Part 2 is entirely new, and covers quantification and identity for all the logics in Part 1. The material is unified by the underlying theme of world semantics. All of the topics are explained clearly using devices such as tableau proofs, and their relation to current philosophical issues and debates are discussed. Students with a basic understanding of classical logic will find this book an invaluable introduction to an area that has become of central importance in both logic and philosophy. It will also interest people working in mathematics and computer science who wish to know about the area.



The Many Valued And Nonmonotonic Turn In Logic


The Many Valued And Nonmonotonic Turn In Logic
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Author : Dov M. Gabbay
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2007-08-13

The Many Valued And Nonmonotonic Turn In Logic written by Dov M. Gabbay and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-08-13 with Mathematics categories.


The present volume of the Handbook of the History of Logic brings together two of the most important developments in 20th century non-classical logic. These are many-valuedness and non-monotonicity. On the one approach, in deference to vagueness, temporal or quantum indeterminacy or reference-failure, sentences that are classically non-bivalent are allowed as inputs and outputs to consequence relations. Many-valued, dialetheic, fuzzy and quantum logics are, among other things, principled attempts to regulate the flow-through of sentences that are neither true nor false. On the second, or non-monotonic, approach, constraints are placed on inputs (and sometimes on outputs) of a classical consequence relation, with a view to producing a notion of consequence that serves in a more realistic way the requirements of real-life inference. Many-valued logics produce an interesting problem. Non-bivalent inputs produce classically valid consequence statements, for any choice of outputs. A major task of many-valued logics of all stripes is to fashion an appropriately non-classical relation of consequence.The chief preoccupation of non-monotonic (and default) logicians is how to constrain inputs and outputs of the consequence relation. In what is called "left non-monotonicity, it is forbidden to add new sentences to the inputs of true consequence-statements. The restriction takes notice of the fact that new information will sometimes override an antecedently (and reasonably) derived consequence. In what is called "right non-monotonicity, limitations are imposed on outputs of the consequence relation. Most notably, perhaps, is the requirement that the rule of or-introduction not be given free sway on outputs. Also prominent is the effort of paraconsistent logicians, both preservationist and dialetheic, to limit the outputs of inconsistent inputs, which in classical contexts are wholly unconstrained.In some instances, our two themes coincide. Dialetheic logics are a case in point. Dialetheic logics allow certain selected sentences to have, as a third truth value, the classical values of truth and falsity together. So such logics also admit classically inconsistent inputs. A central task is to construct a right non-monotonic consequence relation that allows for these many-valued, and inconsistent, inputs.The Many Valued and Non-Monotonic Turn in Logic is an indispensable research tool for anyone interested in the development of logic, including researchers, graduate and senior undergraduate students in logic, history of logic, mathematics, history of mathematics, computer science, AI, linguistics, cognitive science, argumentation theory, and the history of ideas. - Detailed and comprehensive chapters covering the entire range of modal logic. - Contains the latest scholarly discoveries and interprative insights that answers many questions in the field of logic.



Metamathematics Of Fuzzy Logic


Metamathematics Of Fuzzy Logic
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Author : Petr Hájek
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2001-11-30

Metamathematics Of Fuzzy Logic written by Petr Hájek and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-11-30 with Computers categories.


This book presents a systematic treatment of deductive aspects and structures of fuzzy logic understood as many valued logic sui generis. It aims to show that fuzzy logic as a logic of imprecise (vague) propositions does have well-developed formal foundations and that most things usually named ‘fuzzy inference’ can be naturally understood as logical deduction. It is for mathematicians, logicians, computer scientists, specialists in artificial intelligence and knowledge engineering, and developers of fuzzy logic.



Lattice Valued Logic


Lattice Valued Logic
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Author : Yang Xu
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2003-07-15

Lattice Valued Logic written by Yang Xu and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-07-15 with Computers categories.


Lattice-valued Logic aims at establishing the logical foundation for uncertain information processing routinely performed by humans and artificial intelligence systems. In this textbook for the first time a general introduction on lattice-valued logic is given. It systematically summarizes research from the basic notions up to recent results on lattice implication algebras, lattice-valued logic systems based on lattice implication algebras, as well as the corresponding reasoning theories and methods. The book provides the suitable theoretical logical background of lattice-valued logic systems and supports newly designed intelligent uncertain-information-processing systems and a wide spectrum of intelligent learning tasks.



Possibilities And Paradox


Possibilities And Paradox
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Author : J. C. Beall
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2003

Possibilities And Paradox written by J. C. Beall and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Philosophy categories.


"The book opens up topics to debate, suitable for an intermediate course in logic. Each chapter contains innovative features that guide us through the subject: exercises to give students hands-on experience, examples to demonstrate the application of concepts, and lists of further reading."--Jacket.



Algebraic Foundations Of Many Valued Reasoning


Algebraic Foundations Of Many Valued Reasoning
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Author : R.L. Cignoli
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-09

Algebraic Foundations Of Many Valued Reasoning written by R.L. Cignoli and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-09 with Mathematics categories.


This unique textbook states and proves all the major theorems of many-valued propositional logic and provides the reader with the most recent developments and trends, including applications to adaptive error-correcting binary search. The book is suitable for self-study, making the basic tools of many-valued logic accessible to students and scientists with a basic mathematical knowledge who are interested in the mathematical treatment of uncertain information. Stressing the interplay between algebra and logic, the book contains material never before published, such as a simple proof of the completeness theorem and of the equivalence between Chang's MV algebras and Abelian lattice-ordered groups with unit - a necessary prerequisite for the incorporation of a genuine addition operation into fuzzy logic. Readers interested in fuzzy control are provided with a rich deductive system in which one can define fuzzy partitions, just as Boolean partitions can be defined and computed in classical logic. Detailed bibliographic remarks at the end of each chapter and an extensive bibliography lead the reader on to further specialised topics.



Proof Theory For Fuzzy Logics


Proof Theory For Fuzzy Logics
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Author : George Metcalfe
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2010-10-22

Proof Theory For Fuzzy Logics written by George Metcalfe and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10-22 with Mathematics categories.


Fuzzy logics are many-valued logics that are well suited to reasoning in the context of vagueness. They provide the basis for the wider field of Fuzzy Logic, encompassing diverse areas such as fuzzy control, fuzzy databases, and fuzzy mathematics. This book provides an accessible and up-to-date introduction to this fast-growing and increasingly popular area. It focuses in particular on the development and applications of "proof-theoretic" presentations of fuzzy logics; the result of more than ten years of intensive work by researchers in the area, including the authors. In addition to providing alternative elegant presentations of fuzzy logics, proof-theoretic methods are useful for addressing theoretical problems (including key standard completeness results) and developing efficient deduction and decision algorithms. Proof-theoretic presentations also place fuzzy logics in the broader landscape of non-classical logics, revealing deep relations with other logics studied in Computer Science, Mathematics, and Philosophy. The book builds methodically from the semantic origins of fuzzy logics to proof-theoretic presentations such as Hilbert and Gentzen systems, introducing both theoretical and practical applications of these presentations.



Logical Options


Logical Options
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Author : John L. Bell
language : en
Publisher: Broadview Press
Release Date : 2001-03-30

Logical Options written by John L. Bell and has been published by Broadview Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-03-30 with Philosophy categories.


Logical Options introduces the extensions and alternatives to classical logic which are most discussed in the philosophical literature: many-sorted logic, second-order logic, modal logics, intuitionistic logic, three-valued logic, fuzzy logic, and free logic. Each logic is introduced with a brief description of some aspect of its philosophical significance, and wherever possible semantic and proof methods are employed to facilitate comparison of the various systems. The book is designed to be useful for philosophy students and professional philosophers who have learned some classical first-order logic and would like to learn about other logics important to their philosophical work.