Anaerobic Digestion Vi
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Anaerobic Digestion Vi
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Author : E. R. Hall
language : en
Publisher: Oxford : Pergamon Press
Release Date : 1992
Anaerobic Digestion Vi written by E. R. Hall and has been published by Oxford : Pergamon Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Nature categories.
Over the last two decades environmental concerns and energy shortages have focused increased attention on anaerobic digestion as a viable alternative process for pollution abatement and the treatment of wastewaters and sludges. The proceedings of an international symposium on the subject (the 6th in a series) are published here. This series of symposia has proved to be the leading forum for discussion and reports on the study of anaerobic processes. The topics included in this volume are: applied fundamentals of anaerobic processes; kinetics, modelling and process control; treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater; landfills, leachate and hazardous waste treatment; treatment of solid wastes and slurries; and reactor design and post-treatment.
Anaerobic Digestion Vi
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Author : E. R. Hall
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
Anaerobic Digestion Vi written by E. R. Hall and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Anaerobic bacteria categories.
Anaerobic Digestion 1981
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Author : David Edward Hughes
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982
Anaerobic Digestion 1981 written by David Edward Hughes and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Science categories.
Anaerobic Digestion Processes
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Author : Nigel Horan
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-04-18
Anaerobic Digestion Processes written by Nigel Horan and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-04-18 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book presents new application processes in the context of anaerobic digestion (AD), such as phosphorus recovery, microbial fuel cells (MFCs), and seaweed digestion. In addition, it introduces a new technique for the modeling and optimization of AD processes. Chapters 1 and 2 review AD as a technique for converting a range of organic wastes into biogas, while Chapter 3 discusses the recovery of phosphorus from anaerobically digested liquor. Chapters 4 and 5 focus on new techniques for modeling and optimizing AD. Chapters 6 and 7 then describe the state of the art in AD effluent treatment. The book’s final three chapters focus on more recent developments, including microbial fuel cells (MFCs) (Chapter 8), seaweed production (Chapter 9), and enzyme technologies (Chapter 10).
Anaerobic Digestion
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Author : Rajesh Banu
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2019-09-04
Anaerobic Digestion written by Rajesh Banu and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-09-04 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Recent advances in technology to recover bioenergy from various feedstocks make them suitable alternatives to fossil fuel. This book contains several scientific discussions regarding microbes involved in biogas production, the anaerobic digestion process, their operation, and application for sustainable development. The book provides in-depth information about anaerobic digestion for researchers and graduate students. The editor sincerely thanks all the contributors, whose efforts have brought this book to fruition.
Biological Strategies To Enhance The Anaerobic Digestion Performance Fundamentals And Process Development
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Author : Shanfei Fu
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-01-04
Biological Strategies To Enhance The Anaerobic Digestion Performance Fundamentals And Process Development written by Shanfei Fu and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-01-04 with Science categories.
Biotechnology Volume Vi
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Author : Horst W. Doelle
language : en
Publisher: EOLSS Publications
Release Date : 2009-11-16
Biotechnology Volume Vi written by Horst W. Doelle and has been published by EOLSS Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-11-16 with categories.
This Encyclopedia of Biotechnology is a component of the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. Biotechnology draws on the pure biological sciences (genetics, animal cell culture, molecular biology, microbiology, biochemistry, embryology, cell biology) and in many instances is also dependent on knowledge and methods from outside the sphere of biology (chemical engineering, bioprocess engineering, information technology, biorobotics). This 15-volume set contains several chapters, each of size 5000-30000 words, with perspectives, applications and extensive illustrations. It carries state-of-the-art knowledge in the field and is aimed, by virtue of the several applications, at the following five major target audiences: University and College Students, Educators, Professional Practitioners, Research Personnel and Policy Analysts, Managers, and Decision Makers and NGOs.
Anaerobic Digester Fluid Rheology And Process Efficiency
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Author : Luka Šafari?
language : en
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
Release Date : 2019-04-08
Anaerobic Digester Fluid Rheology And Process Efficiency written by Luka Šafari? and has been published by Linköping University Electronic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-08 with categories.
As the anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions continue imposing stress on our environment, it is becoming increasingly important to identify and implement new renewable technologies. Biogas production through anaerobic digestion has a great potential, since it links waste treatment with extraction of renewable energy, enabling circular bio-economies that are vital for a sustainable future. For biogas to have an important role as a renewable energy carrier in society, the scale of its production will need to be increased substantially. New substrates need to be introduced along with raising organic loading rates of the reactors to increase the rate of biogas production. This contributes to challenges in maintaining process stability, thus increasing the risk for process disturbances, including problems that were not commonly encountered before. These difficulties may be particularly pronounced when a broad range of new, largely untested substrates are introduced, leading to an increased heterogeneity of organic material entering the reactors. In the case of currently the most common reactor type; the continuous stirred-tank biogas reactor (CSTBR); such problems may include shifts in rheology (i.e. fluid behaviour) of the anaerobic digester sludge. This may lead to increased energy consumption and decreased digester mixing efficiencies, which in turn may lead to inefficient biogas processes, ultimately decreasing the economic and environmental viability of biogas production. Much is still unknown regarding how rheology shifts happen in biogas reactors, particularly when it comes to what role the substrate plays in rheological dynamics, as compared to the microbial community during varying levels of biogas process stability. This thesis elucidates the interactions between substrate type, microbial community and its metabolic activity, and anaerobic sludge rheology. A number of sludge samples from mesophilic and thermophilic CSTBRs digesting a broad range of substrates was analysed for their rheology. The specific effects of individual substrate types on CSTBR sludge rheology and the resulting implications for stirring power requirements and mixing efficiency were investigated. In order to also asses to which extent the microbial metabolism affects rheology at different levels of process disturbance, an experiment with a trace-element-induced inhibition of specific metabolic pathways under mesophilic reactor conditions was performed. This was used to identify the sequence of different interactions that occur in the reactor after the process begins to fail, and to evaluate how these interactions link to changes in digester sludge rheology. Finally, a case study of a disturbed thermophilic anaerobic digestion process was performed, including the monitoring of the response of rheology in relation to process stability, which was modified by changing trace element concentrations. The use of artificial substrate without polymeric compounds in both cases allowed for an evaluation of effects of the microbial community and its metabolic products on rheology without including the effects of complex substrates. The results showed that substrate type has a large effect on how different process parameters correlate with fluid behaviour. This was particularly apparent in the case of total solids and total volatile solids, which correlated well with rheological parameters for samples from reactors digesting agricultural waste, sewage sludge, paper mill waste, or food waste, but not for mesophilic co-digesters. Among the different substrates investigated, food waste was generally observed to lead to the highest limit viscosities (i.e. apparent viscosities at high shear rates, where it becomes linear and constant) of the anaerobic sludge, while digestion of paper mill waste and thermophilic co-digestion led to some of the lowest. No fluid type could be clearly coupled to a specific substrate, but it could be observed that increased solids content could generally be associated with more complex, non-Newtonian rheological behaviour. The differences in fluid characteristics between reactors corresponded to large differences in modelled stirring power requirements and mixing efficiency. The results indicated that fluids with high values of rheological parameters, such as the consistency index (K) or yield stress (?0), would likely require more power or an adapted stirring system to achieve complete mixing. The substrates generally contributed more to the rheology characteristics of the anaerobic sludge than microbial cells on their own. Trace element-induced process disturbance initially led to the inhibition of specific microbial groups among methanogenic archaea or their syntrophic partners, which later escalated to broader inhibition of many microbial groups due to the accumulation of fermentation products. This resulted in microbial cell washout with a corresponding decrease of the contribution of the cells to anaerobic sludge rheology. A recovery of the thermophilic anaerobic digestion process was possible after the supplementation of selenium and tungsten was increased, resulting in increased propionate turnover rates, growing cell densities, and higher viscosity. Major shifts in the methanogenic community were observed, corresponding to the level of process stability. It could be concluded based on these experiments that the specific effect of microbial cells and their activity on sludge rheology were linked to cell density, which corresponded to process stability. A conceptual scheme was developed based on the studies in this thesis, defining complex interactions between substrate, microbial metabolism, and anaerobic sludge rheology in biogas processes. The possible causes of rheology shifts are visualised and discussed. Med anledning av att antropogena utsläpp av växthusgaser fortsätter att påverka vår miljö negativt, blir det allt viktigare att identifiera och implementera förnybara teknologier. Biogasproduktion, genom anaerob rötning, bidrar till att sammanlänka avfallshantering med förnybar energiomvandling samt möjliggör för cirkulära bioekonomier, avgörande för en hållbar framtid. För att biogas ska utgöra en central roll som förnybar energibärare i samhället måste omfattningen av dess produktion ökas avsevärt. Nya substrat behöver introduceras, samtidigt som den organiska belastningen i existerande biogasreaktorer ökas, med syfte att öka produktionshastigheten. Detta bidrar emellertid till utmaningar avseende att upprätthålla processtabilitet, med ökad risk för processtörningar, inklusive nya typer av problem. Dessa svårigheter kan vara särskilt uttalade när nya, i stort sett otestade substrat, introduceras, vilket leder till ökad heterogenitet av organiskt material till reaktorerna. I tankreaktorer med omrörning (CSTBR), som i nuläget är den vanligast förekommande reaktortypen, kan sådana processförändringar innebära förändringar i reologiska egenskaper hos rötvätskor. Detta kan i sin tur leda till ökad energiförbrukning och lägre omrörningseffektivitet, vilket kan försämra biogasprocessens effektivitet samt bidra till minskad ekonomisk avkastning och minskade miljömässiga vinster. Det råder fortfarande oklarheter gällande reologiska förändringar av rötkammarmaterial i biogasreaktorer, särskilt med avseende på val av substrat i jämförelse med mikroorganismernas roll under varierade betingelser av processtabilitet. Denna avhandling belyser interaktioner mellan typ av substrat, mikrobiella samhällen och deras metaboliska aktivitet och reologiska egenskaper av rötslam. Reologisk karaktärisering av rötvätskor från mesofila och termofila CSTBRs, som rötade ett brett spektrum av substrat, genomfördes. De specifika effekterna av individuella substrattyper på korresponderande rötvätskors reologiska egenskaper och dess implikationer för omrörning undersöktes. För att även kunna bedöma i vilken utsträckning den mikrobiella metabolismen inverkar på rötvätskors reologi, vid olika nivåer av processtörning, genomfördes en fallstudie med spårelement-inducerad inhibering av specifika metaboliska vägar, under mesofila reaktorbetingelser. Denna studie användes för att identifiera sekvensen av olika interaktioner som uppträder i reaktorn när processtörningar uppstår och för att utvärdera hur dessa interaktioner kopplar till förändringar i slamreologi. Slutligen genomfördes en fallstudie av en termofil biogasprocess innefattande karaktärisering av reaktormaterialets reologi i respons till förändringar i processtabilitet orsakad av förändrade spårelementkoncentrationer. I båda dessa fallstudier, möjliggjorde användningen av ett artificiellt substrat utan komplexa polymerer, att mikrobiella effekter på förändringar i rötvätskans reologi kunde studeras frånkopplat effekter av komplexa substrat. Resultaten visade att substrattyp har stor inverkan på hur olika processparametrar korrelerar med rötvätskors reologiska egenskaper. Detta var särskilt tydligt med avseende på andelen totala respektive organiska fasta ämnen, vilka korrelerade väl med reologiska parametrar för rötvätskor från reaktorer som rötade jordbruksrester, avloppsslam, avfall från pappersbruk, respektive matavfall, men ej för rötvätskor från mesofila samrötningsanläggningar. Av de undersökta substrattyperna bidrog rötning av matavfall generellt till anaerobt slam med högst uppmätta värdena för gränsviskositet (dvs när viskositeten blir linjär och konstant vid ökade skjuvhastigheter), medan rötning av avfall från pappersbruk respektive termofil samrötning av olika substrat bidrog till de lägsta värdena för gränsviskoistet. Ingen reologisk vätsketyp kunde tydligt kopplas till en specifik substrattyp, men ökad mängd torrsubstans i rötvästkan kunde generellt associeras med komplexa, icke-newtonska, flödesegenskaper. Skillnaderna i flödesegenskaper motsvarade stora skillnader i behov av omrörningskraft och omrörningseffektivitet. Resultaten indikerade att rötvätskor med höga reologiska värden, exempelvis för konsistensindex (K) eller flytgräns (?0), sannolikt kräver mer energi eller ett anpassat system för effektivare omrörning. Generellt bidrog substratet mer till rötvätskans reologiska egenskaper än de mikrobiella cellerna på egen hand. Inducerad spårämnesbrist i genomfört reaktorförök ledde i början till en hämning av specifika mikrobiella grupper inom metanogena arkéer och deras syntrofa partners, vilket i sin tur bidrog till en bredare hämning av flera mikrobiella grupper orsakad av ackumulering av olika fermentationsprodukter. Detta resulterade i ursköljning av cellbiomassa vilket i sin tur minskade deras effekt på slammets reologiska egenskaper. En återhämtning av den termofila biogasprocessen var möjlig efter ökade tillsatser av spårelementen selen och volfram, vilket resulterade i snabbare omsättning av propionsyra, förhöjd celldensitet och viskositet. Stora förändringar observerades samtidigt inom det metanogena samhället, vilka var kopplade till olika nivåer av processtabilitet. Den specifika effekten av mikroorganismerna och deras aktivitet med avseende på slammens reologiska egenskaper var kopplad till celldensitet, vilket motsvarade processtabiliteten. Ett konceptuellt schema utvecklades baserat på resultat av beskrivna studier för att visualisera komplexa interaktioner mellan substrat, mikrobiell metabolism, och reologi av anaerobt slam i biogasprocesser. De möjliga orsakerna till reologiska förändringar visualiseras och diskuteras.
Anaerobic Digestion
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Author : Gavin Collins
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2018-11-27
Anaerobic Digestion written by Gavin Collins and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-27 with categories.
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a naturally-occurring biological process in soils, sediments, ruminants, and several other anoxic environments, that cycles carbon and other nutrients, and converts organic matter into a methane-rich gas. As a biotechnology, AD is now well-established for the treatment of the organic fraction of various waste materials, including wastewaters, but is also increasingly applied for an expanding range of organic feedstocks suitable for biological conversion to biogas. AD applications are classified in various ways, including on the basis of bioreactor design; and operating parameters, such as retention time, temperature, pH, total solids (TS) and volatile solids (VS) contents, and biodegradability of substrates. AD is an attractive bioenergy and waste / wastewater treatment technology. The advantages of AD for waste treatment include: production of a useable fuel (biogas/methane); possibility of high organic loading; reduced carbon footprint; and suitability for integration into a wide variety of process configurations and scales. Specifically, two important, and developing, applications exemplify the potential of AD technologies: (1) the integration of AD as the basis of the core technologies underpinning municipal wastewater, and sewage, treatment, to displace less sustainable, and more energy-intensive, aerobic biological treatment systems in urban water infrastructures; and (2) technical innovations for higher-rate conversions of high-solids wastestreams, and feedstocks, for the production of energy carriers (i.e. methane-biogas, but possibly also biohydrogen) and other industrially-relevant intermediates, such as organic acids. Internationally, the research effort to maximize AD biogas yield has increased ten-fold over the past decade. Depending on the feedstocks, bioreactor design and process parameters, fundamental and applied knowledge are still required to improve conversion rates and biogas yields. This Research Topic cover aspects related to AD processes, such as the effect of feedstock composition, as well as the effect of feedstock pre-treatment, bioreactor design and operating modes, on process efficiency; microbial community dynamics and systems biology; influence of macro- and micro-nutrient concentrations and availability; process control; upgrading and calibration of anaerobic digestion models (e.g. ADM1) considering the biochemical routes as well as the hydrodynamics in such ecosystems; and novel approaches to process monitoring, such as the development, and application, of novel, and rapid diagnostic assays, including those based on molecular microbiology. Detailed full-scale application studies were also particularly welcomed.
Waste Management And The Environment Vi
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Author : V. Popov
language : en
Publisher: WIT Press
Release Date : 2012
Waste Management And The Environment Vi written by V. Popov and has been published by WIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Waste management can be problematic. Especially with the emphasis in many countries now being on sustainability, there is a great need for more research on disposal methods. While we have found ways to reduce the volume of waste that needs to disposed. questions remain about the environmental and safety aspects of certain recycled materials and the by-products of waste management activities, current technology improvements, and regulatory and monitoring problems. Featuring papers published at the Sixth International Conference on Waste Management and the Environment, this book contains contributions on the topics such as: Advanced Waste Treatment Technology, Wastewater Treatment; Resources Recovery; Waste Incineration and Gasification; Waste Pre-Treatment; Separation and Transformation; Landfills; Soil and Groundwater Clean-up; Public Awareness; Air Pollution Control; Hazardous Waste, Waste Management; Construction and Demolition Waste Costs; Waste Reduction; Reuse and Recycling, Energy from Waste; Electrical Waste; Rare Metals; Computer Modelling; Methodologies and Practices; Risk Assessment; Nuclear Waste; Environmental Economics Assessment; Laws and Regulations; Biological Treatments; Agricultural Wastes.