Analysis Of Transients And Control Of Advanced High Temperature Reactor Coupled Heat Exchangers System
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Analysis Of Transients And Control Of Advanced High Temperature Reactor Coupled Heat Exchangers System
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Author : Isaac James Skavdahl
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Analysis Of Transients And Control Of Advanced High Temperature Reactor Coupled Heat Exchangers System written by Isaac James Skavdahl and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Nuclear reactors categories.
Control of advanced reactor system consisting of a nuclear reactor, an intermediate heat exchanger (IHX), and a secondary heat exchanger (SHX) is investigated in this research. Initial transient analysis of the system was conducted using commercially available process simulation softwares PRO-II and DYNSIM. System parameters of significance--controlled and manipulated variables--were identified, and a control strategy was developed to maintain the controlled variables at their set points. The system response was simulated for various load disturbances, initially for the coupled heat exchangers system, followed by incorporation of the reactor dynamics in the system. Alternate strategies to control the temperature entering the process or power conversion unit (PCU) by either manipulating the secondary loop flow rate, controlling reactor power, or a combination of the two methods were investigated. Combining both methods of control showed great utility in controlling the temperature entering the process and may be an ideal method for control.
Compact Heat Exchangers
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Author : J.E. Hesselgreaves
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2001-05-08
Compact Heat Exchangers written by J.E. Hesselgreaves and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-05-08 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book presents the ideas and industrial concepts in compact heat exchanger technology that have been developed in the last 10 years or so. Historically, the development and application of compact heat exchangers and their surfaces has taken place in a piecemeal fashion in a number of rather unrelated areas, principally those of the automotive and prime mover, aerospace, cryogenic and refrigeration sectors. Much detailed technology, familiar in one sector, progressed only slowly over the boundary into another sector. This compartmentalisation was a feature both of the user industries themselves, and also of the supplier, or manufacturing industries. These barriers are now breaking down, with valuable cross-fertilisation taking place. One of the industrial sectors that is waking up to the challenges of compact heat exchangers is that broadly defined as the process sector. If there is a bias in the book, it is towards this sector. Here, in many cases, the technical challenges are severe, since high pressures and temperatures are often involved, and working fluids can be corrosive, reactive or toxic. The opportunities, however, are correspondingly high, since compacts can offer a combination of lower capital or installed cost, lower temperature differences (and hence running costs), and lower inventory. In some cases they give the opportunity for a radical re-think of the process design, by the introduction of process intensification (PI) concepts such as combining process elements in one unit. An example of this is reaction and heat exchange, which offers, among other advantages, significantly lower by-product production.To stimulate future research, the author includes coverage of hitherto neglected approaches, such as that of the Second Law (of Thermodynamics), pioneered by Bejan and co- workers. The justification for this is that there is increasing interest in life-cycle and sustainable approaches to industrial activity as a whole, often involving exergy (Second Law) analysis. Heat exchangers, being fundamental components of energy and process systems, are both savers and spenders of exergy, according to interpretation.
Modular High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor Short Term Thermal Response To Flow And Reactivity Transients
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Modular High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor Short Term Thermal Response To Flow And Reactivity Transients written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with categories.
The research reported here has been conducted at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's Division of Regulatory Applications of the Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research. The short-term thermal response of the Modular High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (MHTGR) is analyzed for a range of flow and reactivity transients. These transients include loss of forced circulation without scram, spurious withdrawal of a control rod group, moisture ingress, control rod and control rod group ejections, and a rapid core cooling event. For each event analyzed, an event description, a discussion of the analysis approach and assumptions, and results are presented. When possible, results of these analyses are compared with those presented by the designers in the MHTGR Preliminary Safety Information Document and in the MHTGR Probabilistic Risk Assessment. The importance of inherent safety features is illustrated, and conclusions are presented regarding the safety performance of the MHTGR. Recommendations are made for a more in-depth examination of MHTGR response for some of the analyzed transients. The coupled heat transfer-neutron kinetics model is described in detail in Appendix A.
Heat Exchanger Temperature Response For Duty Cycle Transients In The Ngnp
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Heat Exchanger Temperature Response For Duty Cycle Transients In The Ngnp written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
Control system studies were performed for the Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) interfaced to the High Temperature Electrolysis (HTE) plant. Temperature change and associated thermal stresses are important factors in determining plant lifetime. In the NGNP the design objective of a 40 year lifetime for the Intermediate Heat Exchanger (IHX) in particular is seen as a challenge. A control system was designed to minimize temperature changes in the IHX and more generally at all high-temperature locations in the plant for duty-cycle transients. In the NGNP this includes structures at the reactor outlet and at the inlet to the turbine. This problem was approached by identifying those high-level factors that determine temperature rates of change. First are the set of duty cycle transients over which the control engineer has little control but which none-the-less must be addressed. Second is the partitioning of the temperature response into a quasi-static component and a transient component. These two components are largely independent of each other and when addressed as such greater understanding of temperature change mechanisms and how to deal with them is achieved. Third is the manner in which energy and mass flow rates are managed. Generally one aims for a temperature distribution that minimizes spatial non-uniformity of thermal expansion in a component with time. This is can be achieved by maintaining a fixed spatial temperature distribution in a component during transients. A general rule of thumb for heat exchangers is to maintain flow rate proportional to thermal power. Additionally the product of instantaneous flow rate and heat capacity should be maintained the same on both sides of the heat exchanger. Fourth inherent mechanisms for stable behavior should not be compromised by active controllers that can introduce new feedback paths and potentially create under-damped response. Applications of these principles to the development of a plant control strategy for the reference NGNP/HTE plant can be found in the body of this report. The outcome is an integrated plant/control system design. The following conclusions are drawn from the analysis: (1) The plant load schedule can be managed to maintain near-constant hot side temperatures over the load range in both the nuclear and chemical plant. (2) The reactor open-loop response is inherently stable resulting mainly from a large Doppler temperature coefficient compared to the other reactivity temperature feedbacks. (3) The typical controller used to manage reactor power production to maintain reactor outlet temperature at a setpoint introduces a feedback path that tends to destabilize reactor power production in the NGNP. (4) A primary loop flow controller that forces primary flow to track PCU flow rate is effective in minimizing spatial temperature differentials within the IHX. (5) Inventory control in both the primary and PCU system during ramp load change transients is an effective means of maintaining high NGNP thermal efficiency while at reduced electric load. (6) Turbine bypass control is an effective means for responding to step changes in generator load when equipment capacity limitations prevent inventory control from being effective. (7) Turbine bypass control is effective in limiting PCU shaft over speed for the loss of generator load upset event. (8) The proposed control strategy is effective in limiting time variation of the differential spatial temperature distribution in the IHX during transients. Essentially the IHX can be made to behave in a manner where each point in the IHX experiences approximately the same temperature rate of change during a transient. (9) The stability of the closed-loop Brayton cycle was found to be sensitive to where one operates on the turbo-machine performance maps. There are competing interests: more stable operation means operating on the curves at points that reduce overall cycle efficiency. Future work should address in greater detail elements that came to light in the course of this work. Specifically: (1) A stability analysis should be performed to identify the phenomena that control reactor outlet temperature stability when operating with the Reactor Outlet Temperature Controller. The goal is to identify a better performing controller. (2) Future simulations should be performed with multiple axial nodes. The single axial node model for the core used in this work gives rise to an initial core reactor outlet temperature perturbation that is a numerical artifact. (3) The tradeoffs referred to above regarding the dependence of Brayton cycle stability and efficiency on performance curve characteristics and use need to be better understood. (4) The role of xenon was neglected in this work and needs to be included in future work.
Nuclear Science Abstracts
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1976-06
Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1976-06 with Nuclear energy categories.
Scientific And Technical Aerospace Reports
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Scientific And Technical Aerospace Reports written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Aeronautics categories.
Erda Research Abstracts
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Author : United States. Energy Research and Development Administration
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1976
Erda Research Abstracts written by United States. Energy Research and Development Administration and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1976 with Power resources categories.
Inventory Of Energy Research And Development 1973 1975
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Author : Oak Ridge National Laboratory
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1976
Inventory Of Energy Research And Development 1973 1975 written by Oak Ridge National Laboratory and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1976 with Power resources categories.
Erda Energy Research Abstracts
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Author : United States. Energy Research and Development Administration
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1977
Erda Energy Research Abstracts written by United States. Energy Research and Development Administration and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with Medicine categories.
Transient Analysis For The High Temperature Pebble Bed Reactor Coupled To The Energy Conversion System
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Author : E. C. Verkerk
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Transient Analysis For The High Temperature Pebble Bed Reactor Coupled To The Energy Conversion System written by E. C. Verkerk and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with categories.