Analysis Of Work Zone Crash Characteristics And Countermeasures
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Estimating The Safety Effects Of Work Zone Characteristics And Countermeasures
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Author : Gerald L. Ullman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Estimating The Safety Effects Of Work Zone Characteristics And Countermeasures written by Gerald L. Ullman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Road work zones categories.
Analysis Of Work Zone Crash Characteristics And Countermeasures
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Analysis Of Work Zone Crash Characteristics And Countermeasures written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Road work zones categories.
Work Zone Crash Analysis And Modeling To Identify Factors Associated With Crash Severity And Frequency
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Author : Sunanda Dissanayake
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Work Zone Crash Analysis And Modeling To Identify Factors Associated With Crash Severity And Frequency written by Sunanda Dissanayake and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Roads categories.
"The safe and efficient flow of traffic through work zones must be established by improving work zone conditions. Therefore, identifying the factors associated with the severity and the frequency of work zone crashes is important. According to current statistics from the Federal Highway Administration, 2,372 fatalities were associated with motor vehicle traffic crashes in work zones in the United States during the four years from 2010 to 2013. From 2002 to 2014, an average of 1,612 work zone crashes occurred in Kansas each year, making it a serious concern in Kansas. The objectives of this study were to analyze work zone crash characteristics, identify the factors associated with crash severity and frequency, and to identify recommendations to improve work zone safety. Work zone crashes in Kansas from 2010 to 2013 were used to develop crash severity models. Ordered probit regression was used to model the crash severities for daytime, nighttime, multi-vehicle and single-vehicle work zone crashes and for work zones crashes in general. Based on severity models, drivers from 26 to 65 years of age were associated with high crash severities during daytime work zone crashes and driver age was not found significant in nighttime work zone crashes. The use of safety equipment was related to reduced crash severities regardless of the time of the crash. Negative binomial regression was used to model the work zone crash frequency using work zones functioned in Kansas in 2013 and 2014. According to results, increased average daily traffic (AADT) was related to higher number of work zone crashes and work zones in operation at nighttime were related to a reduced number of work zone crashes. Findings of this study were used to provide general countermeasure ideas for improving safety of work zones" (page ii).
Determining The Extent And Characteristics Of Overrepresentation Of Large Truck Crashes In Daytime And Nighttime Work Zones
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Author : Naveen Mokkapati
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Determining The Extent And Characteristics Of Overrepresentation Of Large Truck Crashes In Daytime And Nighttime Work Zones written by Naveen Mokkapati and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
The growth of vehicle travel in the United States has accelerated wear on the interstate highway system leading to frequent pavement repair and rehabilitation projects. The presence of work zones not only causes traffic congestion and backup but also increases the crash risk. Therefore, the FHWA (Federal Highway Administration) has allotted a significant amount of funds to improve work zone traffic safety and operations. This thesis compares truck and automobile crash characteristics in work zones with those of non-work zones and thus identifies engineering countermeasures to improve work zone truck safety. The researcher used a contingency analysis approach in this study. First, he categorized the North Carolina crash data using different variables. Once categorized, the Breslow-Day test is used to compare the odds of truck and automobile crashes between work zones and non-work zones. Overall, the researcher did not find a significant difference between odds of truck and automobile crashes compared to previous studies. The researcher believes that the difference in results between the present study and the previous studies could either be due to differences in the approach used or better truck management techniques employed by the North Carolina DOT (Department of Transportation). The researcher also identified that the maintenance projects performed during the day had a significantly higher odds of truck crashes relative to that of automobiles in work zones compared to control sections when workers were present, either with a lane closure or without a lane closure. The researcher believes that the results from the day maintenance projects and its subcategories are the key findings of this study. Therefore, these key findings are used to identify the possible reasons and countermeasures for any disproportionate change in truck to automobile crashes. The identified list of countermeasures includes the use of law enforcement, a smart work zone system, a dynamic late merge system, CMS (Changeable Message Signs), speed display signs, and a CB (Citizen Band) Wizard. These countermeasures were checked for cost effectiveness using a benefit cost (B/C) analysis. The researcher found that law enforcement, smart work zones with costs lower than or equal to half a million dollars, CMS, speed display signs, and the CB Wizard have B/C ratios greater than one and seem to be worthwhile for deployment in work zones. Smart work zones with significantly higher costs of 2.5 million dollars, for example, could be deployed using a more detailed analysis of work zone characteristics. Finally, dynamic late merge system could be used if the site conditions indicate a crash reduction potential of at least 10 -- 15 percent.
Crash Characteristics At Work Zones
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Author : Nicholas J. Garber
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Crash Characteristics At Work Zones written by Nicholas J. Garber and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Road work zones categories.
Work zones tend to cause hazardous conditions for drivers and construction workers since they generate conflicts between construction activities and traffic. A clear understanding of the characteristics of work zone crashes will enhance the selection of the appropriate measures that can minimize the negative impacts of work zones. This study investigated the characteristics of work zone crashes that occurred in Virginia between 1996 and 1999. The information on each crash was obtained from the police crash record. The location of each crash was categorized as being in one of the five areas of a typical work zone: advance warning area, transition area, longitudinal buffer area, activity area, and termination area. An analysis of the percentage distributions was then carried out with respect to area in work zone, severity, type of collision, and type of highway. The proportionality test was used to determine significant differences at the 5 percent significance level. Selected crash characteristics, such as the proportions of single- and multi-vehicle crashes, were compared for work zone and non-work zone crashes. The results indicated that the activity area was the predominant location for work zone crashes regardless of highway type and that rear-end crashes were the predominant type of crash. The results also indicated that the proportion of sideswipe same direction crashes in the transition area was significantly higher than in the advance warning area and that work zone crashes involved a higher proportion of multi-vehicle crashes and fatal crashes than did non-work zone crashes.
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1988
written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with categories.
Varied Applications Of Work Zone Safety Analysis Through The Investigation Of Crash Data Design And Field Studies
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Author : Erica Lee Swansen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Varied Applications Of Work Zone Safety Analysis Through The Investigation Of Crash Data Design And Field Studies written by Erica Lee Swansen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Road work zones categories.
Work zone crashes and fatalities have been decreasing since 1994. Yet, according to Fatality Analysis Reporting System, 667 people were killed in highway work zone crashes in 2009. As the United States' infrastructure ages and new roads and highways are constructed less frequently, the need for repairs and alterations to the nation's roadways is continually increasing. This growth ensures that work zones will be a vital piece of design focus in the near future. In order to continue the decreasing trend in work zone crashes, and reduce the still significant number of work zone fatalities, work zones need to continually be examined to identify opportunities for improved safety. This research explored the relationship between work zone related crashes and work zone design and setup. More specifically, existing literature and current standards, compiled with crash report form data in the UMass Safety Data Warehouse and field observations in Massachusetts were integrated to determine the causes and remedies for work zone related crashes. The research examined three critical areas: 1) causation of work zone related crashes in contrast to non-work zone related crashes along with variations of citations as a result of work zone crashes; 2) variations of the work zone definition and the impact on work zone involvement; and 3) analysis of conflict and event studies for small scale work zones to develop a methodology using surrogate measures to identify potential countermeasures leading to improved work zone safety. The results are expected to advance the current state of knowledge with regards to work zone design and setup, resulting in recommended actions for improved work zone analysis and design strategies.
Characteristics And Risk Factors Associated With Work Zone Crashes
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Author : Sreekanth Reddy Akepati
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Characteristics And Risk Factors Associated With Work Zone Crashes written by Sreekanth Reddy Akepati and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
In the United States, approximately 1,100 people die and 40,000 people are injured annually as a result of motor vehicle crashes in work zones. These numbers may be a result of interruption to regular traffic flow caused by closed traffic lanes, poor traffic management within work zones, general misunderstanding of problems associated with work zones, or improper usage of traffic control devices. In regard to safety of work zones, this study was conducted to identify characteristics and risk factors associated with work zone crashes in Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska and Wisconsin, states currently included in the Smart Work Zone Deployment Initiative (SWZDI) region. The study was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, characteristics and contributory causes related to work zone crashes such as environmental conditions, vehicles, crashes, drivers, and roadways were analyzed for the five states for the period 2002-2006. An analysis of percentage-wise distributions was carried out for each variable based on different conditions. Results showed that most of the work zone crashes occurred under clear environmental conditions as during daylight, no adverse weather, etc. Multiple-vehicle crashes were more predominant than single-vehicle crashes in work zone crashes. Primary driver-contributing factors of work zone crashes were inattentive driving, following too close for conditions, failure to yield right of way, driving too fast for conditions, and exceeding posted speed limits within work zones. A test of independency was performed to find the relation between crash severity and other work zone variables for the combined states. In the second stage, a statistical model was developed to identify risk factors associated with work zone crashes. In order to predict injury severity of work zone crashes, an ordered probit model analysis was carried out using the Iowa work zone crash database. According to findings of the severity model, work zone crashes involving trucks, light duty vehicles, vehicles following too close, sideswipe collisions of same-direction vehicles, nondeployment of airbags, and driver age are some of the contributing factors towards more severe crashes.
Evaluation Of Work Zone Crashes In California
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Author : Dheeraj Varma Lakamraju
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Evaluation Of Work Zone Crashes In California written by Dheeraj Varma Lakamraju and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Work zone crashes have been a major concern of safety for many government agencies and travelling public. According to Federal Highway Administration(FHWA) Fact & Statistics, there is need for maintenance, rehabilitation and advancement of existing road networks, which in turn lead to setup of large number of work zones throughout US which eventually impacts the regular traffic flow and safety. The main objective of this project was to find work zone crash characteristics and risk factors that affect the crash severity. For that purpose data relating to work zone crashes that occurred on all roadways in the state of California for the years 2011 to 2016 were obtained from Statewide Integrated Traffic Records System (SWITRS). A total of 12 variables with 45136 crashes were used to develop a crash severity model. The first step of the study was gathering literature on previous studies relating to work zone crash analysis. In the second step, the work zone crash data for each variable was analyzed based on crash severity and crash patterns were determined. In the third step, each variable was statistically analyzed to determine significant differences between the variable and the dependent variable using Pearson chi-square statistical test. A total of 10 variables out of 12 variables were found to have a significant relationship between the dependent variable. In the fourth step, a binary logistic regression model was used to determine significant predictors of fatal crashes. In this study, the independent variables such as location of crash, violation category, crash type, motor vehicle involved with, lighting condition, alcohol involved, and driver???s gender were found to be significant predictors of fatal crashes at work zones in the state of California for years 2011-2016.
Effective Countermeasures To Reduce Accidents In Work Zones
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Author : Vicki Walker
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Effective Countermeasures To Reduce Accidents In Work Zones written by Vicki Walker and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Roads categories.
Nationally, work zone fatalities peaked at over 800 per year during the 1990s. Arizona tallied 82 fatal and 5,009 injury accidents in work zones during a five year period. In response to this problem, the objectives of this project included: Characterizing the nature of work zone accidents in Arizona; Reviewing countermeasures used throughout the country, and the effectiveness of those countermeasures; and Recommending countermeasures for use in Arizona to improve work zone safety and reduce accidents. A national review of work zone countermeasures was conducted, focussing on the documented effectiveness of various work zone countermeasures. To identify which countermeasures are most appropriate for use in Arizona, a panel of 21 experts was convened. The panel included representatives with a variety of perspectives on the work zone accident problem. The panel selected six principal countermeasures for implementation in Arizona: 1) Work Zone Speed Limits; 2) Police Presence; 3) Speed Limit Enforcement; 4) Public Education; 5) Sign Credibility; and 6) Temporary Pavement Markings in Work Zones.